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1.
以色列水足迹及其对我国西北干旱区的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水足迹作为一个综合的指标,揭示了一个国家或地区的总需水量,可以粗略地衡量人类消费对自然水环境的影响,为干旱缺水地区水资源合理开发利用、高效配置提供了一个新视角。本文分析了以色列1999年的人均水足迹、总水足迹及其组成,其总水足迹为8．58×10^8m^3m^3,是可更新水资源的4．77倍;人均水足迹为1391m^3／人／年,是人均水资源占有量的3．76倍,并探讨了以色列水足迹对我国西北干旱区的启示。 相似文献
2.
The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has proposed an important national strategic decision:to explore and establish the balance sheet of natural resources,to implement leaders' of-office auditing system about natural resources assets.Water is one of the most essential nature resources of human beings;water resources accounting,as an important water resources management tool,is an essential part of compiling the natural resources balance sheet.In this paper,we provide a summary of the historic evolution of water resources accounting and analyze its application in some typical countries.Although water resources accounting and water resources balance sheet reflect different implications and focus,both require water resources accounts as the basis in system establishment. 相似文献
3.
我国水价的变化过程及其区域特征的研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
随着资源危机的加剧，水价及其相关问题受到了广泛的关注，回顾了建国以来我国水价及其相关水利政策的演变，探讨了我国水价特征的空间分布，地区间的差异及其与社会经济，水资源与水环境之间的关系，研究了20世纪90年代后期以来我国水价改革，分析了我国水价的现状和发展前景，提出了近期水价增长的理论依据，讨论了不价承受能力和调水的水价等相关问题。 相似文献
4.
基于虚拟水消费的水足迹计算——以大连市为例 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
水足迹是反映水资源实际消费的新概念．以虚拟水消费为基础的水足迹能更真实地衡量社会经济系统对水资源的消费利用状况。作者引人水足迹的概念及计算方法，在基于虚拟水计算的基础上对大连市2003年水足迹进行了计算，通过定量地分析大连市水资源的利用现状、依赖程度及存在问题，为科学利用有限的水资源提供有益的决策依据；同时通过虚拟水战略分析，提出了解决水资源短缺问题的新思路。 相似文献
5.
China has made great progress in the study of socio-economic water cycle. She has completed national water resources appraisement and medium to long-term water supply planning. She has been engaging in study on water-deficient regions in North China and Northwest China for about half a century. For solving water shortage problem in northern China, she has put forward the famous South-to-North Water Transferring Projects, which has been set as one of the four biggest national projects in the Tenth Five-Year-Plan period although there are still debates. For promoting water use efficiency, China has been reforming her water management system, including water right system and water price system. There has already been a case of water right purchase. China has also done a lot of research on the interaction between human activity, water and ecosystem. For meeting the need of sustainability and coordinating water resources development and environmental protection, the study of ecological water requirement became very hot in recent years. There are three focuses of socio-economic water cycle study now in China: water transfer projects from the south to the north, water resources management and ecological water requirement. 相似文献
6.
Research progress of socio-economic water cycle in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
China has made great progress in the study of socio-economic water cycle. She has completed national water resources appraisement
and medium to long-term water supply planning. She has been engaging in study on water-deficient regions in North China and
Northwest China for about half a century. For solving water shortage problem in northern China, she has put forward the famous
South-to-North Water Transferring Projects, which has been set as one of the four biggest national projects in the Tenth Five-Year-Plan
period although there are still debates. For promoting water use efficiency, China has been reforming her water management
system, including water right system and water price system. There has already been a case of water right purchase. China
has also done a lot of research on the interaction between human activity, water and ecosystem. For meeting the need of sustainability
and coordinating water resources development and environmental protection, the study of ecological water requirement became
very hot in recent years. There are three focuses of socio-economic water cycle study now in China: water transfer projects
from the south to the north, water resources management and ecological water requirement. 相似文献
7.
论水权的性质及构成 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
水权的客体、性质和权能结构可从其自然属性、经济属性、法律属性三方面进行分析。水权是自然资源产权，水权的客体是水资源而非水产品，即生态用水之外的部分水资源。水权是具有公权色彩的私权，是符合物权属性基本前提下的准物权。我国水资源为国家所有，在水权权系构成中，水资源所有权是第一位的权利。水资源所有权的派生权利如占有权、使用权、部分收益权、部分处分权等可与所有权相分离并进行流转，从而形成水权市场和水权交易制度。在我国，水资源使用权即是取水权，根据取水方式的差异，包括汲水权、引水权、蓄水权等；根据水资源使用方式的差异，则包括灌溉权、经营权、饮用权等。本文认为，水域(水面)使用权、排水权、水资源分配权等不属于水权的范畴。 相似文献
8.
This paper problematises positivist framings of water demand management (WDM) that define the average‐water‐user. Through a situated, case‐study account undertaken in suburban Auckland, we highlight variable social and cultural underpinnings of domestic water use. Activities that are commonly the focus of WDM are shown to be embedded elements of life around which relationships, affects and futures are woven. As a consequence, myopically focusing on the technical–managerial mediation of what are socionatural relations reduces prospects to achieve intended policy outcomes. Reframing WDM as a hydrosocial process provides a basis for water providers to develop more culturally appropriate water management. 相似文献
9.
水量统一调度以来黄河内蒙古河段耗水量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄河水量统一调度始于1999年3月,本次对1999-2011年黄河内蒙古河段引水和退水的年内、年际变化以及引排比关系进行了分析;利用遥感图片,核查了黄河干流石嘴山—头道拐河段的引退水口门;分别采用引退水法和水量平衡法计算了黄河内蒙古河段的引黄耗水量。结果表明:该研究时段内蒙古河套灌区退水量与引水量的比值平均为0.16,呈现逐年增大的趋势,引退水关系比较好,存在"大引大排"现象;引退水法年平均耗水量为75.44亿m3,年际变化相对比较平缓;水量平衡法年平均耗水量为56.72亿m3,年际变化非常明显;两种方法耗水量差别明显的原因之一是颁证引退水口门与实际引退水口门数量不相同。 相似文献
10.
Based on the analyses of water interactions and water balance, this paper discusses the issues on the assessment and regulation of soil water resources, which lays the scientific basis for limited irrigation and water-saving agriculture. 相似文献
11.
1 IntroductionIt is well known that the major problem of water resources at present is water shortage in the North China Plain. The development of agricultural production certainly increased the water consumption, so level of groundwater table declined year by year. Crop use water directly from soil water, while rainwater, surface water, and groundwater should be firstly transformed and changed into soil water and then be used by crops. Therefore, water interactions, water balance and soil w… 相似文献
12.
Water footprint of production can be used to identify pressure on national or regional water resources generated by production activities. Water stress is defined as the ratio of water use (the difference between a regional water footprint of production and a green water footprint) to renewable water resources available in a country or region. Water stress can be used to identify pressure on national or regional water resources generated by production activities. This paper estimates the water footprint of production and the water stress in China during the years 1985-2009. The result shows that China’s water footprint of production increased from 781.58 × 109 m3 in 1985 to 1109.76 × 109 m3 in 2009. Mega-cities and regions with less agriculture production due to local climatic conditions (Tibet and Qinghai) had lower water footprint of production, while the provinces (Henan, Shandong) with higher agriculture production had higher footprint. Provinces with severe water stress increased from 6 in 1985 to 9 in 2009. High to severe water stress exists mainly in mega-cities and agricultural areas located in the downstream areas of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River in North and Central China. The outlook for water resources pressure in China is not optimistic, with areas of stress expanding from northern to southern of China. 相似文献
13.
西藏地区天然水的水化学性质和元素特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了调查西藏的水质和水资源特色,2013 年在西藏拉萨、那曲地区、阿里地区、日喀则地区36 个县乡镇采集了60 个水样（地下水35 个,地表水22 个,温泉水3 个）,对其水化学性质与元素含量进行分析测定,并与周边的青海西南部、新疆南部、四川西部与西藏东部等地水的水化学类型进行了对比,讨论了不同地区内水化学类型的差异。总体上看西藏大部地区水质较好,能够满足国家生活饮用水卫生标准。水样pH 处于6.75~8.21 范围内;总溶解性固体（TDS） 均值为225.54 mg/L;阿里地区水中砷元素含量超标（超过10 μg/L）,双湖地区水中氟含量超标（超过1 mg/L）;水化学类型主要为Ca-HCO3型;由南向北水中阳离子由以Ca2+ 为主逐渐过渡到以Na+ 为主,阴离子HCO3- 逐渐减少,Cl- 与SO42- 逐渐增多;河流水与冰川融水的成因类型主要为岩石风化型,地下水成因受多种因素控制;构造分区控制水中主要元素进而影响水化学类型。 相似文献
14.
甘肃省小麦水分平衡及其时空分布模式 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以县域为基本单元,采用农田水量平衡模型,对甘肃省1961至2001年冬、春小麦自然降水条件下的水分平衡进行了逐月计算,并对其时空分布模式进行了研究。结果表明:甘肃省多年平均冬小麦需水量为464.47mm,亏水量144.42mm,盈水量3.75mm;春小麦需水量为443.83mm,亏水量262.87mm,盈水量0.00mm。降水不能满足小麦生长的需求,亏水是其水分平衡的首要特征;5～6月是甘肃省冬、春小麦的亏水高峰期,且冬小麦盈亏水量的稳定性低于春小麦;全生育期冬小麦以中度水分亏缺频率为最高,春小麦则以重度为主;甘肃省冬、春小麦的需水量、亏水量与水分亏缺率均呈由东南向西北递增的趋势。 相似文献
15.
16.
用水计划与水价对华北工业企业用水的影响——以河北省为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
工业是仅次于农业的用水大户,其用水的规模、方式和效率直接影响着华北地区总的用水需求。在对华北地区工业企业问卷调查的基础上,就影响企业效益的主要因素、用水计划对企业用水的影响、水费占总成本的比例、企业对目前和未来水价的看法、企业对提高水价的意愿、企业应对水价上涨的策略、企业对节水的态度和采取的节水措施等问题进行了分析。结果表明:用水计划对限制企业的用水有明显的作用;提高水价也有明显促进企业节水的效应。并选择了两个万元产值耗水量差别大的典型企业,对其13年来的用水情况进行了分析,验证了用水计划和水价对企业用水行为的影响效果。 相似文献
17.
虚拟水的理论方法及在甘肃省的应用 总被引：109，自引：2，他引：109
水资源短缺问题是中国西北地区面临的突出问题,解决西北地区水资源短缺问题必须要有新的思路。虚拟水是水问题与水资源安全研究中的新概念,是指生产商品和服务所需要的水资源数量。虚拟水战略是指缺水国家或地区通过贸易的方式从富水国家或地区购买水密集型产品(尤其是粮食) 来获得本地水和粮食的安全,将水短缺问题的解决途径扩展到社会经济系统,人口—粮食—贸易之间的连接关系是虚拟水战略分析的主线。作者引入了虚拟水的概念,并简要介绍了当前国际研究的进展情况和计算方法。结合甘肃省的实际情况,初步计算得到2000年甘肃省生产产品中和城乡居民消费的产品中的虚拟水含量分别为222.02×108m3和183.75×108m3,分别是实体水资源利用量的1.8和1.5倍。分析了虚拟水战略的政策影响和虚拟水战略的优缺点,指出了在虚拟水理论与应用方面需要焏待开展的研究内容。 相似文献
18.
Outdoor domestic water use is often targeted by demand management strategies. However, despite a rich empirical evidence base coming from primary studies, it is still unclear how factors that influence this type of demand interact and which are the most suitable to be addressed by water conservation programs. Based on 423 scientific contributions, we develop a research synthesis combining a variety of techniques to create a theoretical model of the relationships among factors most consistently observed in the literature. The findings uncover a great degree of complexity in terms of interactions between spatial-structural, social-structural, and cultural and psychological factors at different scales. For researchers, the methodology and the outcomes can be useful to better frame existing and future research within the literature on the topic. In practice, the adaptation of the theoretical model to local specificities can facilitate the design of more efficient and integrated demand management strategies. 相似文献
19.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):179-192
Accurately mapping a region’s ground water quality depends upon the spatial sampling strategies employed, including where and how often field data are collected. This study compares the relative values of three field sampling strategies for mapping a known migrating plume of volcanic ground water in Sierra Valley, California. The first strategy sampled wells once each year during 1957, 1972, and 1980 (n=63, 45, and 57, respectively) and portrayed spatial–temporal changes in ground water quality more clearly on maps than did two alternative sampling strategies. One of these alternatives, Strategy 2, sampled one well per township per year during 1957, 1972, and 1980 (n=11) and did not detect the migrating plume, despite being a recommended strategy. The other alternative, Strategy 3, frequently sampled in time a small, fixed group of indicator wells (n=13) every four years for the same period, again producing maps with little correlation to the original pattern detected by Strategy 1. 相似文献
20.
土库曼斯坦水资源现状及利用问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土库曼斯坦地处亚洲中部干旱区西南部,沙漠广布,水资源短缺,是阿姆河等跨界河流水资源的主要消耗区,水资源利用问题及矛盾十分突出。开展该国水资源及其开发利用研究,对研究跨界河流及极度干旱区水资源可持续利用具有重要的借鉴意义。土库曼斯坦是中亚水资源总量最少的国家,河流多数跨界,出入境水量约为233×108 m3,可利用水量远大于国内水资源总量,其中地表水资源总量约为9.39×108 m3,地下水可开采量为5.69×108 m3,而该国最主要的水利工程——卡拉库姆运河调来了阿姆河近1/3的水量,增加了灌溉面积。在水资源利用中,实际用水量的90%以上被用于农业灌溉,工业用水占7%左右,城市生活用水占2%。土库曼斯坦水资源主要靠调水工程和灌渠从界外引入,由于缺乏技术和资金支持,基础设施老化、管理混乱、水资源纷争复杂多变等水资源利用问题十分突出。在全球变化背景下,土库曼斯坦应加强在水资源的合理配置与高效利用、水资源国际合作等方面的工作,合理开发利用水资源。 相似文献