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1.
雅鲁藏布江流域降水中δ18O 的时空变化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过研究2005年西藏雅鲁藏布江流域拉孜、奴各沙、羊村和奴下4个站点降水中的δ18O变化,揭示了雅鲁藏布江流域降水中稳定同位素的时空变化规律.研究显示,雅鲁藏布江流域降水中δ18O季节变化明显,高值出现在季风降水之前的春季,而低值出现在季风降水季节,其间降水中δ18O具有明显的"降水量效应";从空间上看,降水中的δ18O从下游至上游递减,造成这种分布特征主要是由于"高程效应"以及水汽远距离输送导致其中的18O被贫化的结果.经计算表明,雅鲁藏布江流域降水中δ18O由于"高程效应"造成的递减率为0.34‰/100m,而水平方向上自东向西由于水汽远距离输送造成的递减率为0.7‰/100km.从季风期间大范围的降水过程来看,降水中δ18O的空间变化主要受"降水量效应"制约. 相似文献
2.
碳酸盐是黄土中的主要矿物,是黄土—古土壤序列中含量变化最显著的矿物之一,其在表生环境下极易移动,并且它的迁移变化受大气降水、温度等古气候因素制约,在黄土高原风尘堆积序列的古气候研究中具有极其重要的意义,其变化能够较好地反映古季风的演变规律。黄土—古土壤中碳酸盐的含量变化和东亚夏季风降水的强度密切相关,碳酸盐矿物中白云石和方解石的存在与否及淋失深度对夏季风演变同样有很好的指示意义。稳定同位素δ18O可以作为夏季风的代用指标,指示成壤时期环境中的古温度;δ13C值表现出在黄土层中高,而在古土壤层中低,因此碳酸盐δ13C值可能更多反映了植被发育程度。碳酸盐中Sr同位素能够反映风化作用的强弱,而去除碳酸盐后的Sr同位素则能更好地反映成壤作用的强度和判别风尘物质的来源。与其它季风气候替代性指标相比,酸溶相中的δ11B值变化与降水有直接关系,可以很好地作为夏季风降水指标。非传统稳定同位素Li、Ba和Fe有应用于黄土研究中,但目前的研究表明它们对气候环境暂无较好的指示意义。 相似文献
3.
《干旱区地理》2021,44(4):934-942
选取艾比湖流域降水、地表水和地下水为研究对象,结合流域水文地质资料,利用野外调查、室内试验和统计分析等方法分析了流域不同水体氢氧稳定同位素的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)艾比湖流域降水δ~2H和δ~(18)O变化范围分别为-148.2‰～-34.5‰和-20.16‰～1.20‰,流域大气降水线斜率为6.69。降水δ~(18)O值与气温呈正相关关系,与降水量在夏季表现出显著的负相关关系。(2)地表水δ~2H和δ~(18)O变化范围为-101.0‰～-17.0‰和-14.54‰～0.29‰,其中8月最大,其次为5月和10月。博尔塔拉河同位素值从上游到下游沿流程逐渐增加,而精河沿流程变化趋势不明显,河水δ~(18)O与气温存在正相关关系。(3)地下水δ~2H和δ~(18)O值的范围分别为-85.0‰～-65.5‰和-12.18‰～-9.05‰,平均值分别为-75.5‰和-11.00‰。博尔塔拉河区地下水同位素值从上游到下游沿流程逐渐增加,精河区沿流程变化趋势不明显。艾比湖流域水体稳定同位素的测定,为阐明流域水文过程提供同位素证据,对变化环境下有效利用水资源,维护流域生态安全具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
通过对云南玉龙雪山丽江冷杉年轮晚材纤维素氧同位素 (δ18O) 的分析,建立了1902-2004时段年分辨率的树轮δ18O序列。将所得序列与相邻的丽江市气象站记录的气候资料对比,分析了树轮δ18O对气候要素的响应。结果表明,丽江冷杉年轮晚材中的δ18O与其生长季气候因子密切相关。主要与季风期 (8-10月) 的降水和相对湿度、6-10月总云量、5-6月平均温度显著相关,尤其和总云量相关性最高 (r = -0.45,P = 0.01)。同时,树轮δ18O年际变化与南亚季风指数、东亚夏季风指数呈反相关关系,并与1-5月南方涛动指数负相关显著,在一定程度上反映了大尺度的大气环流影响。 相似文献
5.
青藏高原西北部大气降水稳定同位素时空特征变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作为水环境的重要指示剂,稳定同位素已经成为区域水文学、气候学研究的重要工具。降水作为水循环的输入项,其同位素组成是研究山地地表水过程、地下水形成转化、冰川变化等问题的必要信息。为了进一步增加对于青藏高原西北部降水过程及其控制因素的认识,本文基于青藏高原西北部五个长期观测站点降水中δD和δ18O数据,研究了青藏高原西北部与塔里木盆地交界地区大气降水稳定同位素时空分布特征。分析结果显示该地区降水稳定同位素季节变化较为明显,表现出夏高冬低的变化趋势,不同月份呈现出不同的空间分布特征。除狮泉河站降水δ18O值与温度关系不显著外,其余站点δ18O值随温度升高而增加。区域内降水量对降水δ18O值的影响不显著,降水稳定同位素高程效应明显,降水δ18O值随海拔上升而降低。降水过量氘(d值)的分布也呈现出显著的季节差异,总体表现出夏半年高、冬半年低的特点,受水汽再循环的影响,西合休站夏季降水的d值呈现较高的水平。研究表明,气温是控制该地区降水同位素分馏的重要因素,通过对于该区域降水蒸发比的计算发现,该地区临近沙漠的和田站的降水同位素受蒸发作用最为显著,而高海拔地区的狮泉河站降水受蒸发影响最小。 相似文献
6.
黑河流域中上游地区降水中氢氧同位素与温度关系研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据黑河流域中上游地区所取得的降水水样和降水气象资料,分析了该区域降水中氢氧同位素随温度的变化特征,研究了内陆河黑河流域中上游地区降水中氢氧同位素与温度的关系,揭示了降水中氢氧同位素随温度的变化规律。降水中氢氧同位素与温度有很好的正相关关系,且与降雨前后平均气温之间的相关性优于与降雨前和降雨后气温之间的,温度与δ~(18)O之间的相关性优于与δD的。在黑河流域,局地性降水的增加影响降水中氢氧同位素与温度之间的关系,在山前或山前盆地,因局地性降水增加,所以降水中氢氧同位素与温度的关系与山区相比较差。 相似文献
7.
大气降水氢氧稳定同位素可以指示降水过程的气候环境变化,分析其变化对于研究现在及过去气候条件下的水文循环过程具有重要意义。本研究选取中国西北部典型的天山、昆仑山为研究对象,基于研究区5个高山站点2013—2015年间的353个大气降水样品的δ2H、δ18O分析测试结果,系统分析了不同时间尺度下δ2H与δ18O的时空分布特征及其与环境要素的关系,并结合ERA5数据探讨了其水汽通量及风向特征。结果表明：(1)研究区大气降水稳定同位素呈现较为显著的时空变化特征,降水δ18O季节上呈现夏高冬低,而空间上呈现北高南低;拟合的区域大气降水线为δ2H=7.74δ18O+5.83 (R2=0.98),揭示其降水过程受云下蒸发影响强烈(斜率较低)。(2)研究区降水δ18O与温度呈现正相关关系,与高程呈现负相关关系,而与降水量间无显著相关关系。(3)水汽来源的分析结果表明,研究区水汽输送路径主要为西方路径(占比6... 相似文献
8.
青藏高原对全球气候变暖响应敏感,研究青藏高原近千年来环境演化过程、规律与驱动机制对预测其未来气候变化有重要意义。本文通过位于青藏高原东部的苦海沉积物总有机质相关指标(总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、总有机碳与总氮比值(TOC/TN)和总有机碳同位素(δ13Corg)的研究重建了该区域过去840年来环境演化过程。结果表明,苦海沉积物中的有机质主要来自于内源水生植物。由于暖期(冷期)时黄河上游径流量较高(低),苦海水位随之升高(降低),湖泊水动力增强(减弱),浅水区沉水植物对研究岩芯中的有机质贡献率提高(降低),导致沉积物TOC、TN、TOC/TN升高,δ13Corg值正(负)偏。人类活动导致的青藏高原近50年气候异常变暖可能是~1950 AD之后δ13Corg反映的黄河上游径流量变化与重建的中国温度记录之间的关系发生转变的原因。苦海沉积物δ13Corg记录与万象洞石笋δ18O记录和太阳总辐射强度记录变化特征的相似性说明青藏高原东部地区气候变化的控制因素为太阳辐射驱动下的季风降雨量变化。 相似文献
9.
基于2017年第9号台风"纳沙"和第10号台风"海棠"登陆前后福州降水同位素数据,结合相关气象资料,分析了分别来源于西太平洋和中国南海的双台风期间福州降水中δ~(18)O值的变化特征及影响因素。双台风期间,δ~(18)O值变化范围为-2. 6‰～-17. 0‰,振幅达14. 4‰。2个不同水汽来源的台风影响期间,福州降水δ~(18)O的变化均呈现出3个阶段的变化特征,近似"几"字形。2个台风的前端和尾端降水δ~(18)O值相对偏正,平均值为-6. 9‰～-8. 9‰,接近福州夏季降水δ~(18)O平均值,受蒸发效应影响显著;而中端降水δ~(18)O值极端偏负,平均值分别为-13. 4‰和-12. 4‰,远低于福州夏季降水δ~(18)O平均值。研究发现,台风中端降水δ~(18)O值的极端偏负与水汽来源、水汽通道及降水量的变化关系较小,主要受"云雨区效应"的影响。 相似文献
10.
水的稳定同位素(D和O)是水文过程的重要示踪剂。本文以哈尼梯田文化景观遗产核心区全福庄河扇形小流域为研究对象,通过采集流域内雨季和旱季的大气降水样品,并测定和分析氢氧同位素值(D和δ18O),得出以下结论:(1)研究区全年大气降水线方程为:δD=8.35δ~(18)O+22.41(R2=0.98,n=48),但年内旱季和雨季降水线方程的斜率和截距差异明显。(2)研究区大气降水中氢氧稳定同位素组成具有明显季节差异,雨季降水中氢氧同位素贫化,d值偏低;旱季降水氢氧同位素值相对偏正,d值偏高,这与我国季风区旱雨季水汽来源差异有关。(3)根据相关分析可知,温度、降水和相对湿度3个要素的变化是研究区降水同位素值变化的主要影响因素,但在不同的时间尺度下影响降水同位素变化的环境因素存在差异。(4)在年尺度下降水和相对湿度是主要的影响因素;在旱雨季尺度下,温度是雨季降水同位素值变化的主要因素,而温度、降水量和相对湿度对旱季降水同位素值变化的影响则不显著,旱季降水同位素δ18O值变化为三因素共同作用的结果。 相似文献
11.
Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope has important implication on water and moisture transportation tracing research. Based on stable hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope using a Picarro L1102-i and water chemistry (e.g. major ions, pH, EC and TDS) measurement, this study discussed the temporal variation and characteristics of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope, chemistry (e.g. TDS, pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and Cl-) in various water bodies including glacier meltwater runoff, ice and snow, and precipitation at the Laohugou glacier basin during June 2012 to September 2013. Results showed that δD and δ18O in the meltwater runoff varied obviously with the temporal change from June to September, showing firstly increasing trend and then decreasing trend, with the highest values in July with high air temperature and strong glacier melting, which could indicate the temporal change of glacier melting process and extent. Variations of δD and δ18O in the runoff were similar with that of snow and ice on the glacier, and the values were also above the GMWL, which probably implied that the glacier runoff was mainly originated from glacier melting and precipitation supply. The glacier meltwater chemical type at the Laohugou glacier basin were mainly composed by Ca-Na-HCO3-SO4 and Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4, which also varied evidently with the glacier melting process in summer. By analyzing the temporal change of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope and chemistry in the melting period, we find it is easy to separate the components of the snow and ice, atmospheric precipitation and melt-runoff in the river, which could reflect the change process of glacier melting during the melting period, and thus this work can contribute to the glacier runoff change study of large-scale region by stable isotope and geochemical method in future. 相似文献
12.
乌鲁木齐河流域不同水体中的氧稳定同位素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The variations of the stable oxygen isotope in different water mediums in Urumqi River Basin, China, are analyzed. The stable oxygen isotope in precipitation has marked temperature effect either under synoptic or seasonal scale at the head of Urumqi River. The linear regression equations of δ^18O against temperature are δ^18O=-0.94T-12.38 and δ^18O=1.29T-13.05 under the two time scales, respectively. The relatively large δ^18O/temperature slopes show the strong sensitivity of δ^18O in precipitation to temperature variation at the head of Urumqi River. According to the analyses on the δ^18O in precipitation sampled at three stations with different altitudes along Urumqi River, altitude effect is notable in the drainage basin. The δ^18O/altitude gradients have distinct differences: the gradient from Urumqi to Yuejinqiao is merely -0.054‰/hm, but -0.192‰/hm from Yuejinqiao to Daxigou, almost increasing by 2.6 times over the former. No altitude effect is found in surface firn the east branch of Glacier No. 1 at the head of Urumqi River, showing that precipitation in the glacier is from the cloud cluster with the same condensation level. Influenced by strong ablation and evaporation, the δ^18O in surface firn increases with increasing altitude sometimes. Survey has found that the δ^18O in meltwater at the terminus of Glacier No. 1 and in stream water at Total Control have the similar change trend with the former all smaller than the latter, which displays the different runoff recharges, and all mirror the regime of temperature in the same term basicallv. 相似文献
13.
盐生荒漠土壤水稳定氢、氧同位素组成季节动态 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对准噶尔盆地东南缘降水和土壤水稳定氢、氧同位素组成（δ18O和δD）进行了测定,分析了降水中δ18O和δD值的季节变化规律,表层土壤水中δ18O和δD值对降水脉冲的动态响应以及不同深度土壤水中δ18O和δD值的变化特征。结果表明：该区域大气降水线为δD=7.691δ18O+4.606;降水与表层土壤水中δ18O和δD值表现出明显的季节变化特征;表层土壤水中δ18O和δD值、质量含水量对降水脉冲响应显著,且不同量级的降水导致不同程度的响应。利用LSD法对0~300 cm土层内土壤水中δ18O和δD值进行多重比较分析,可将土壤在垂直方向上分为3层,表层（0~50 cm）土壤水分活跃,稳定同位素值随深度的增加而迅速减小;中间层（50~180 cm）土壤水分相对活跃,既受到降水入渗和蒸发作用的影响,也有地下水的补给;深层（180~300 cm）水分来源稳定,土壤水中δ18O和δD值基本不变。 相似文献
14.
Many arid basins in western North America are likely to experience future changes in precipitation timing and amount. Where shallow water tables occur, plant acquisition of groundwater and soil water may be influenced by growing season precipitation. We conducted a rainfall manipulation experiment to investigate responses of four common native plant species to ambient, increased, and decreased summer monsoon rainfall. We measured plant xylem pressure potentials (Ψ) and stable oxygen isotope signatures (δ18O) to assess effects of altered precipitation on plant water relations and water acquisition patterns. Reduced rainfall decreased Ψ more in the grasses Sporobolus airoides and Distichlis spicata than the more deeply rooted shrubs Sarcobatus vermiculatus and Ericameria nauseosa. E. nauseosa had little response to natural or experimental differences in available soil water. Plant xylem water δ18O indicated that S. airoides and D. spicata are almost entirely dependent on rain-recharged soil water, while E. nauseosa is almost entirely groundwater-dependent. Sarcobatus vermiculatus used groundwater during dry periods, but utilized precipitation from soil layers after large rainfall events. Persistent changes in precipitation patterns could cause shifts in plant community composition that may alter basin-scale groundwater consumption by native plants, affecting water availability for human and ecosystem uses. 相似文献
15.
Oxygen-18 in different waters in Urumqi River Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The variations of the stable oxygen isotope in different water mediums in Urumqi River Basin, China, are analyzed. The stable oxygen isotope in precipitation has marked temperature effect either under synoptic or seasonal scale at the head of Urumqi River. The linear regression equations of δ18O against temperature are δ18O=0.94T-12.38 and δ18O=1.29T-13.05 under the two time scales, respectively. The relatively large δ18O/temperature slopes show the strong sensitivity of δ18O in precipitation to temperature variation at the head of Urumqi River. According to the analyses on the δ18O in precipitation sampled at three stations with different altitudes along Urumqi River, altitude effect is notable in the drainage basin. The δ18O/altitude gradients have distinct differences: the gradient from Urumqi to Yuejinqiao is merely -0.054‰/hm, but -0.192‰/hm from Yuejinqiao to Daxigou, almost increasing by 2.6 times over the former. No altitude effect is found in surface firn in the east branch of Glacier No.1 at the head of Urumqi River, showing that precipitation in the glacier is from the cloud cluster with the same condensation level. Influenced by strong ablation and evaporation, the δ18O in surface firn increases with increasing altitude sometimes. Survey has found that the δ18O in meltwater at the terminus of Glacier No.1 and in stream water at Total Control have the similar change trend with the former all smaller than the latter, which displays the different runoff recharges, and all mirror the regime of temperature in the same term basically. 相似文献
16.
Isotopic composition of rainfall and ground-water recharge in the western province of Saudi Arabia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mahmoud S. Alyamani 《Journal of Arid Environments》2001,49(4):751
The oxygen-18 and deuterium isotopic compositions of rainfall from eight meteorological stations are discussed. The results show that the stable isotope distribution of the rainfall over the western province display a difference in isotopic ratios, which can be attributed to the altitude effect and water vapour sources, and to some extent, to rainfall amount. The changes of δ18O and δ D contents with altitude are −0·08 and −0·38‰ per 100 m respectively. Comparison of the isotopic analyses of rainfall and local ground-water and springs indicates that the monsoon derived rainfall that prevails during the autumn season plays a crucial role in alluvial aquifer recharge. Although Atlantic water vapour can arrive virtually throughout the area in winter months, its influence seems to be of minor importance to the water balance in the study area. 相似文献
17.
地下水氢氧稳定同位素的组成与空间分布规律可为研究地下水补给及深入认识水循环过程提供重要理论依据。基于青海湖沙柳河流域浅层地下水样品的氢氧稳定同位素数据，通过空间插值法和δD-δ18O线性关系法，分析了氢氧稳定同位素组成、空间分布特征及地下水补给关系。结果表明：沙柳河流域中下游地区浅层地下水δ18O与δD值分别为-8.54‰~-6.02‰和-58.6‰~-34.6‰，平均值分别为-6.79‰和-41.8‰；δ18O值在流域空间上表现为西北、中部高，南北低的特征；流域西北和中部地区地下水主要受降水补给，补给来源单一、蒸发作用强是该区域地下水同位素值较高的原因，降水→地下水→泉水是其主要补给、排泄关系；流域北部、南部地区地下水与降水、河水、泉水等水体水力联系密切，不同补给来源的平滑作用是该区域地下水同位素值较低的原因，其补给、排泄关系主要为降雨→河水→地下水→泉水（或降雨→地下水→泉水→河水）。 相似文献
18.
The sedimentary record of the Issyk Kul basin,Kyrgyzstan: climatic and tectonic inferences 
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下载免费PDF全文 Euan A. Macaulay Edward R. Sobel Alexander Mikolaichuk Michael Wack Stuart A. Gilder Andreas Mulch Alla B. Fortuna Scott Hynek Farid Apayarov 《Basin Research》2016,28(1):57-80
A broad array of new provenance and stable isotope data are presented from two magnetostratigraphically dated sections in the south‐eastern Issyk Kul basin of the Central Kyrgyz Tien Shan. The results presented here are discussed and interpreted for two plausible magnetostratigraphic age models. A combination of zircon U‐Pb provenance, paleocurrent and conglomerate clast count analyses is used to determine sediment provenance. This analysis reveals that the first coarse‐grained, syn‐tectonic sediments (Dzhety Oguz formation) were sourced from the nearby Terskey Range, supporting previous thermochronology‐based estimates of a ca. 25–20 Ma onset of deformation in the range. Climate variations are inferred using carbonate stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) data from 53 samples collected in the two sections and are compared with the oxygen isotope compositions of modern water from 128 samples. Two key features are identified in the stable isotope data set derived from the sediments: (1) isotope values, in particular δ13C, decrease between ca. 26.0 and 23.6 or 25.6 and 21.0 Ma, and (2) the scatter of δ18O values increased significantly after ca. 22.6 or 16.9 Ma. The first feature is interpreted to reflect progressively wetter conditions. Because this feature slightly post‐dates the onset of deformation in the Terskey Range, we suggest that it has been caused by orographically enhanced precipitation, implying that surface uplift accompanied late Cenozoic deformation and rock uplift in the Terskey Range. The increased scatter could reflect variable moisture source or availability caused by global climate change following the onset of Miocene glaciations at ca. 22.6 Ma, or enhanced evaporation during the Mid‐Miocene climatic optimum at ca. 17–15 Ma. 相似文献
19.
黄土高原黄土稳定同位素与古季风研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄土高原黄土-古土壤完好地记录了过去环境信息,进入90年代以来,在利用碳、氧同位素作为气候替代指标研究古植被、降雨量、古环境温度及古季风演化方面取得了长足的进展,文章就这方面的主要研究成果作了综合分析与评述。 相似文献