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湖泊沉积物有机地化指标在古气候解释中具有复杂性和多解性。TOC、C/N和δ^13Corg作为3种常用的有机地化指标,现已广泛运用于东、中亚全新世气候变化研究中。以这3种指标为例综述了东、中亚全新世湖泊沉积有机地化指标的变化机制及影响因素。根据数据的综合分析与对比,大部分湖泊全新世沉积物TOC百分含量较高时,C／N比值也较高。这与沉积物有机质的来源有关,因两者TOC和C／N作用机制不同,也存在少数湖泊,其两者对应关系不明显;同一湖泊δ^13Corg与TOC及δ^13Corg与C／N对应关系相似;由于不同区域影响有机地化指标的因素不同,TOC、C／N和δ1^3Corg间的关系存在区域差异,据此可将研究区分为中纬度地区、青藏高原区和低纬度季风区。上述区域规律存在于研究中所选的大部分湖泊,由于有机地化指标作用机理的复杂性,也存在不符合这种规律的湖泊,因而上述结论有待于进一步讨论。 相似文献
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对研究区内第五次北极科学考察所取的表层海水颗粒物的浓度、显微组成、有机碳、氮含量及其同位素组成进行了分析。结果表明,楚科奇海域表层海水颗粒物浓度介于0.56—4.01 mg·L-1,具有冰区边缘高于开阔水域的特点。陆架区颗粒有机质相对含量高(TOC:9.78%—20.24%;TN:0.91%—2.31%),有机碳、氮同位素值相对重(δ13C:-23.29‰—-26.33‰PDB;δ15N:6.14‰—7.78‰),有机质主要来源于海洋生物,含有部分陆源有机质;陆坡及北冰洋核心区的颗粒有机质含量,除SR15站外,相对低(TOC:8.06%—8.96%;TN:0.46%—0.72%),有机碳、氮同位素值轻(δ13C:-26.93‰—-27.78‰PDB;δ15N:4.13‰—4.84‰),颗粒物有机质以陆源为主。陆坡区SR15站表层海水颗粒物中异常高的陆源有机质(TOC:27.94%,TN:1.16%;δ13C:-27.43;δ15N:3.81)可能来自源于东西伯利亚的穿极洋流。海冰携带的颗粒物(包括冰藻)是冰区边缘表层海水颗粒物的重要来源,在陆架区海冰融化,向水体中释放了大量生物体;而陆坡区和北冰洋核心区,海冰对颗粒物的贡献以碎屑矿物和黏土矿物为主。 相似文献
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滇池流域宝象河水库沉积物中有机碳的来源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对滇池流域宝象河水库沉积物TOC、TN、C/N、δ13C及粒度等指标的测定,分析了沉积物中有机碳的主要来源及其变化趋势。结果表明:水体中不同位置沉积物有机碳来源并不相同,距三岔河入库河口相对较近的沉积柱芯A中C/N比值介于2.93~11.73,δ13C值介于-23.66‰~-21.78‰,有机碳主要来源于水生生物,陆源输入贡献较小,有机碳含量受粒径大小影响显著;距三岔河入库河口相对较远的沉积柱芯B中,其TOC和TN含量较高,分别介于14.62~24.93 g?kg-1和2.11~3.3 g?kg-1,δ13C值变化范围为-28.36‰~-26.36‰,粒度以黏土和细粉砂为主,有机碳主要来源于水库周边陆源输入,受人类活动影响强烈。 相似文献
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研究以青藏高原阿翁错和托素湖湖泊沉积物为研究对象,通过多指标(总有机碳含量、有机碳同位素和有机碳埋藏速率等)综合分析,重建不同补给类型湖泊的生产力变化及碳循环过程。结果显示：全球变暖对不同类型湖泊的生产力的影响存在显著差异。在以降水和冰川融水为主要补给源的阿翁错,全球变暖造成冰川融水补给增加。当指示冰川融水补给量变化的δ18Ocarb值逐渐偏负时,湖泊沉积物TOC含量逐渐升高;指示冰川融水输入造成湖泊面积持续扩张,营养物质增加,湖泊生产力提高;当湖泊面积扩张较快,即冰川融水在短时间内快速输入时,TOC含量下降,可能是由于当冰川融水输入过多,造成湖水温度下降过快时,底栖藻类生产力下降,进而湖泊固碳能力下降。对于受人类活动影响的托素湖,全球变暖对湖泊水文过程及生产力的影响较小,δ18Ocarb值变化主要受控于农业灌溉活动引起的湖泊补给水量的变化。当δ18Ocarb值升高时,TOC含量增加;推测是由于农业灌溉耗水量增加导致湖泊补给水量减少,湖泊水位下降,湖泊底部... 相似文献
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《地理科学进展》2015,(7)
湖沼沉积物地球化学元素对地球气候环境变化敏感性强。本文以江西定南大湖湖沼沉积物地球化学元素为研究对象,使用主成分分析法,并结合总有机碳(TOC)、有机碳同位素(δ13Corg)、中值粒径(Md)、化学蚀变指数(CIA)等相关气候代用指标,以元素组对的形式阐释不同地化元素响应不同气候环境下的地球化学行为和迁移规律。研究结果显示:第一主成分(PC1)包括Al2O3、Ti O2、Si O2、Nb、Rb、Ga、Ba、S等元素,曲线变化与CIA相似,指示湖泊流域的化学风化强度,气候暧湿,PC1含量高;第二主成分(PC2)包括Co、Zr、Hf元素,曲线变化与中值粒径较为一致,指示湖泊流域的水动力条件,气候冷干,PC2含量高;第三主成分(PC3)包括Sc、Cu、U、V元素,曲线变化与TOC、δ13Corg含量变化一致。大湖沉积物的物质来源为:在气候暧湿、流域化学风化作用强的条件下,地表径流冲刷流域周边花岗岩风化壳物质并搬运至湖盆沉积,但不排除在冷干时期,风力携带粉尘物质堆积的影响,粉尘物质可能主要源于周边的风化碎屑物。 相似文献
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根据广西北部山地泥炭沼泽沉积的有机碳同位素组成、TOC和C/N等古气候指标对末次盛冰期以来该区植被与气候演变过程进行研究,结果发现：末次盛冰期（21―14 cal. ka B.P.）偏正的δ13Corg数据反映了山地植被面貌曾发生显著变化,指示冰期气候的冷干变化,但并未导致山地森林向地带性草地退化,C3植物仍占优势。沉积物岩性和TOC等数据表明：在14―10 cal. ka B.P.期间沼泽湿地逐渐形成,指示了东亚夏季风降雨的增强,与石笋指示的季风增强起始年代基本一致。冰消期碳同位素曲线负偏的变化要早于TOC指示的泥炭沼泽堆积,即10―9 cal. ka B.P.前后富有机质的泥炭堆积进入旺盛期。碳同位素组成在9―8 cal. ka B.P.存在一个正偏的变化波动,可能与8.2 ka降温事件或局地物源输入变化有关。7.0―2.8 cal. ka B.P.期间古田湿地的有机质输入较高,碳同位素偏负,指示气候暖湿。从1.7 cal. ka B.P.至今,δ13Corg值的再次正偏可能指示夏季风强度减弱,但考虑到该阶段为人类农业活动快速发展期,因此不排除人为因素的影响。此外,末次盛冰期广西山地与雷州半岛沿海低地的碳同位素值对比发现：沿海平原区与华南山地的沉积记录存在明显差别,其主要原因是山区因山地降雨效应使山区的湿度即便在盛冰期也能保持较高水平;而低地平原冰期阶段的降雨则显著减少,加上平原区较高的蒸发量使干旱程度增加,C4草本也相应增多。实际上,影响亚热带山地沼泽δ13Corg值变化的原因比较复杂,在利用δ13Corg值推论古气候时需要同时考虑气候因素和湿地沉积体的物源及其地貌环境等背景。 相似文献
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对2003年7月-9月第二次北极科学考察期间在楚科奇海及其邻近海域所采集四个站位的沉积物柱状样的生源物质含量进行分析,并对沉积物TC、TOC、TN和TP的空间分布和垂直剖面分布进行讨论。四个站位的TC含量为0.89%-2.17%,TN含量为0.24-1.66mg/g,TP含量为0.15-0.96mg/g,其中C21、S11和M07的总碳中均以有机碳为主,分析结果证实了楚科奇海区是一个高效的有机碳“汇”区的结论。四个站位的有机质主要来源于海洋,其中P24站和M07站的TN随着TOC增加而增加,两者呈极显著的正相关关系,说明这两个站位所在区域的沉积物中氮和有机碳之间的关系密切,氮主要以有机氮形式存在。 相似文献
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《中国地理与资源文摘》2006,(1)
P4672006010009兰州与江汉平原有机碳同位素的古气候指示意义对比研究=Paleocli matic i mplication of Lanzhou and Jianghan plain:acli mate proxy study of organic carbonisotope/杨桂芳,彭红霞…∥长江流域资源与环境.—2005,14(4).—486~490研究结果表明:在兰州地区,δ13Corg值波动反映C3/C4植物比例的改变,指标温度变化.δ13Corg值偏正时,表明C4植物含量较大,反映温度较高.而δ13Corg值偏负时,表明气候较冷;汉江平原δ13Corg值主要反映降水信息,δ13Corg值偏负时指示相对暖湿气候,δ13Corg值偏正反映气候偏干.δ13Corg等指标… 相似文献
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Bue Nielsen Peder Michael Sørensen M.Sc. 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):69-73
Nielsen, Bue and Sørensen, Peder Michael: Changes in regional employment in Denmark in the seventies. Geografisk Tidsskrift 84, 69–73. Copenhagen, January 1984. The paper deals with regional development in employment in Denmark in the 1970's. It uses shift-share analysis to isolate elements and activities responsible for the regional dispersion experienced. In that context the paper discusses the interrelationship between manufacturing industries and public services. 相似文献
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Jung Hoon Han 《The Australian geographer》2017,48(2):255-272
This paper takes a new approach to investigating people who age in place. It provides an explanation for why people age in a place that can be useful in government and corporate planning. Our research investigates the principal factors that drive the decision of a rising number of older Australians to age in place. Many older people wish to age in place rather than move in with their children or be institutionalised. They wish to continue to be active in their local communities and maintain their existing social ties. The concept of ageing in place covers two distinct groups: those who are able to stay in their current dwellings and age in home and those who move house but remain in their local community and age in neighbourhood. Age-friendly home modification is a response to ageing in home, whereas the provision of institutional healthcare and the provision of age-suitable housing to facilitate downsizing are associated with ageing in neighbourhood. Using Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey data, this research examines the mobility decisions of older Australians and identifies the major determinants of a decision to age in place. This research argues for a better understanding of ageing in place, differentiating between those ageing in home and those ageing in neighbourhood. 相似文献
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The fractal theory put forward by American mathematician B B Mandelbrot (1967) supplies an effective approach to solve complex
problems. The complex problems in geography have become the main positive study field of fractal theory. Based on the works
of China’s geographers and the summarization of contents of fractal theory, the authors comment on the present situation of
its applications to almost every branch of geography and discuss the related problems and the prospects of fractal study in
geography. 相似文献
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福建九龙江口红树林造林遇到的问题 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
中国的红树林在过去50年里面积锐减了近70%,恢复和发展红树林迫在眉睫,红树林人工造林是必由之路。福建九龙江口湿地资源丰富,然而在红树林造林上却遇到了一些问题,这些问题阻碍了九龙江口红树林的恢复和发展,应该引起相关部门的关注。 相似文献
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1IntroductionMany natural phenomena such as zigzag coastline, various landforms, turbulent rivers, etc. cannot be described with traditional Euclid geometry, but they are of self-similarities. Fractal geometry takes the complex phenomena as its research objects and has been developed into a specific theory. So it has been praised as natural geometry. What is fractal means "irregular, fractional, fragmental" and its core is self-similarity (Wang and Cao, 1995). To characterize fractals differ… 相似文献
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我国生物地理学研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
生物地理学研究是生物学和地理学交叉非常明显的部门自然地理学学科,它具有很强的基础研究特点,同时研究成果也具有很大的应用潜力。近年来,我国生物地理学基础研究在国家自然科学基金委等部门的支持下,在山地植被与地理环境、干旱半干旱区植被与地理环境、植物区系、植物物候、土壤动物与土壤生态功能、土壤生物结皮等方面开展了全面而深入的研究。同时拓展了传统生物地理学的研究方向,在植物地理学与全球变化、植物地理学与生物多样性保护、植物地理学与生态系统管理等方面也开展了大量研究。尤为可贵的是干旱半干旱区土壤生物结皮研究、典型温带荒漠区原生荒漠植被对水分改变的响应与适应研究取得了令国内外关注的高水平研究成果。 相似文献
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Hosna J. Shewly 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2017,38(1):108-122
Drawing on conceptualization of statelessness and ethnographic research on crucial insights of rightessness, this paper investigates how the politico‐geographic‐legality constructs statelessness in the enclaves in India and Bangladesh. Following the decolonization process in 1947, both India and Pakistan/Bangladesh inherited more than 200 enclaves, which comprise 80 per cent of the world's enclaves. With improved bilateral relations, India and Bangladesh officially exchanged the enclaves on 1 August 2015, and the enclave dwellers will gradually be granted citizenship rights over the next few years. In this period of transition from statelessness to statehood, this paper can be read as contemporary history. This paper will draw attention to three aspects of statelessness. First, conceptualization of statelessness not only applies to the refugeehood or de‐territorialization of people but also relates to the process of constructing transterritorial stateless people. Second, this paper will discuss the condition of statelessness constructed in a politico‐geographic‐legal trap. And finally, the paper calls for a wider empirical and critical focus on the hidden geographies of de facto statelessness. 相似文献
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Advances in terrestrial system research in China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Land surface is of spatial-temporal heterogeneity. Terrestrial system (TS) comprehensively studies on land surface and physical regionalization objectively describes geographical zonation of the system. China has a vast area with apparent spatial variations in resources and environmental conditions, which highly influence on socio-economic development. In this paper, progress of the TS studies in China is overviewed and research priorities in the near future are prospected. Since the 1950s, China has paid great attention to the TS study as its socio-economic development, and conducted research on physical geographical regionalization, eco-geographical regionalization and comprehensive regionalization. Along with the deepening of global change research, dynamics of TS have been highly concerned. During the studies, methodology has been developed from qualitative research of integration of experts’ brainpower gradually to quantitative research based on field observation and experiments of the natural processes, including physical, chemical and biological processes, as well as application of information technology and mathematical simulation. In the near future, TS would combine with the ideology, objectives and key researches of Future Earth program, to focus on the mechanism and regional effects of interaction among land surface elements, the response of TS to global change, the quantitative recognition on regional unit boundary, and the application to TS in sustainable socio-economic development. 相似文献