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1.
生物与土壤     
S1542007032105额济纳盆地植物地下微生境深度范围的确定:土壤酶指示法=Determination of plant’s underground microhabitat depthin Ejina Basin:soil enzyme indicator/王萍,罗晓云∥干旱区研究.—2006,23(4).—583~587地下微生境位置的确定对于干旱区植被生态系统的恢复具有重要意义,但目前尚没有准确、简单可行的确定方法.应用额济纳盆地的野外调查与室内实验数据,分析了3类植物群落结构(草本 灌木组合、灌木 乔木组合及草本 灌木 乔木组合)中的土壤过氧化氢酶活性曲线.结果发现:过氧化氢酶活性曲线的各峰值区与植物群落中各生活型…  相似文献   

2.
收获蚁蚁穴是荒漠生态系统中重要的微生境,它的存在会改变植被和土壤环境,从而影响动植物的分布。本研究以戈壁荒漠收获蚁(Messor desertus)蚁穴为研究对象,利用陷阱法调查秋季蚁穴边缘及毗邻裸地微生境蜘蛛、甲虫、蚂蚁、螨类和跳虫5种典型地表节肢动物类群的种类组成及数量,结合植被和土壤环境要素变化确定荒漠收获蚁活动及其塑造的蚁穴对5种地表节肢动物多样性的影响。结果表明:秋季蚁穴地表节肢动物的活动密度、类群数和多样性指数均显著高于毗邻裸地微生境,分别是裸地的2.9倍、2.5倍和4.5倍;蚁穴微生境蛛形纲、蜱螨目和弹尾目的群落组成与毗邻裸地明显不同,蚁穴显著提高了蛛形纲和弹尾目的活动密度和类群数,蚁穴微生境蛛形纲的活动密度与弹尾目的活动密度呈显著正相关;pRDA排序结果表明,土壤电导率及土壤黏粒、全氮、全磷和全钾含量是影响蚁穴和裸地微生境地表节肢动物分布的主要土壤因子。荒漠收获蚁蚁穴通过富集资源和改善土壤环境强烈影响秋季蛛形纲、蜱螨目螨类和弹尾目等地表节肢动物的聚集,而阎甲科和粪金龟科等鞘翅目和蚁科的活动对蚁穴存在的响应不敏感。  相似文献   

3.
由于珠穆朗玛峰- 念青唐古拉山脉极高山区特殊的自然环境, 这一带的气象观测资料极其匮乏。2003 年在青藏高原南部念青唐古拉山脉(30o24'44.3"N, 90o34'13.1"E, 5850 m a.s. l.) 建立了自动气象站; 2005 年在珠穆朗玛峰北坡垭口(28o01'0.95"N, 86o57'48.4"E, 6523 m a.s.l.) 建立了自动气象站。利用这两自动气象站的观测资料与NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料进行对比, 检验NCEP/NCAR 再分析数据在喜马拉雅山脉-青藏高原南部一带的可行性。研究结果表明, NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料能够较好地反映气压和气温的天气尺度的变化。但是, 再分析的气压和气温值系统性低于相应观测值, 而且, 某种程度上, 低估了实际的变化幅度; 再分析天气事件, 在珠穆朗玛峰地区, 超前于实际观测一日发生, 而在念青唐古拉地区, 基本上是与观测事件同一日发生。由于受相似大气环流的影响, 珠峰和念青两者之间的观测资料、再分析资料都高度相关。  相似文献   

4.
毛乌素沙地丘间低地植物群落分类与排序   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为研究植物群落分布格局与环境因子间的相互关系,在群落样方调查的基础上,对毛乌素沙地丘间低地植被复合体的主要植物群落进行TWINSPAN分类和PCA排序,对土壤环境因子进行DCCA排序。结果表明:调查区内53个物种分属21科46属,其中菊科(Compositae,11种)、禾本科(Gramineae,7种)、莎草科(Cyperaceae,7种)、豆科(Leguminosae,5种)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae,4种)等科所含物种数较多,分别占20.8%、13.2%、13.2%、9.4%、7.5%,生活型以多年生草本为主,水分生态类型以中生植物为主。应用TWINSPAN将67个样方划分为17个组,依据《中国植被》的分类原则和系统确定为21个群丛。对PCA排序的第一轴起主要作用的是以北沙柳(Salix psammophila)、假苇拂子茅(Calamagrostis pseudophragmites)和碱茅(Puccinelia distans)为建群种的群落,对第二轴起主要作用的是以寸草苔(Carex duriuscula)为建群种的群落。植物群落分布DCCA排序第一轴主要与地下水位、HCO3-含量负相关,与土壤粗砂粒正相关;第二轴主要与土壤Ca2+、K+和Na+含量正相关,与土壤容重负相关;其中地下水位和土壤Ca2+、K+和Na+含量是环境因子中影响丘间低地植物群落特征和分布的主要因子。  相似文献   

5.
植物群落与土壤性状相互作用研究对于认识生态系统结构与功能有着重要的意义。通过对敦煌绿洲边缘典型植物群落21个样地(20m×20m)的植被和土壤系统取样调查,在分析植物群落及其土壤养分特征的基础上,采用CCA典范对应分析法研究了土壤养分对植物群落物种分布的影响。结果表明:调查区域植被群落共出现植物27种,隶属于15科,26属,以藜科(Chenopodiaceae)植物居多,占总物种数的29.6%。柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)群落的物种丰富度最大,胡杨(Populus euphratica)群落的物种丰富度最小。植被0~80 cm土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量排序为柽柳>黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum) > 梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron) > 沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum),全磷、全盐、速效氮含量排序为柽柳 > 黑果枸杞 > 沙拐枣 > 梭梭,全钾含量排序为黑果枸杞 > 柽柳 > 梭梭 > 沙拐枣,pH值排序为梭梭 > 沙拐枣 > 黑果枸杞 > 柽柳。不同植被覆盖各养分指标之间差异显著。随土层深度的增加,柽柳和黑果枸杞群落土壤全氮、有机质、全盐、速效氮、速效钾含量逐渐降低,表聚效应明显,土壤全磷、全钾、速效磷含量逐渐增大后减小,梭梭与沙拐枣养分层次特征不明显。4种植被群落土壤pH值随土层深度的增大呈波动的趋势。CCA排序结果表明植被群落物种分布的土壤环境调控因子重要性排序为全氮 > pH > 全钾,土壤全氮是植物群落物种分布的最重要调控因子。  相似文献   

6.
王晶  吕昭智  钱翌  宋菁  钟晓英 《中国沙漠》2010,30(6):1367-1373
在群落演替的不同阶段,土壤与植被之间存在不同的互动关系。在新疆准噶尔盆地南缘,选择荒漠-绿洲交错区、沙漠边缘、沙漠腹地典型景观类型取样,监测不同景观条件下土壤水分、土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和植被盖度。结果表明,不同景观植被盖度、土壤水分、土壤养分含量存在显著的差异性(P0.5)。土壤水分含量、植被盖度、土壤养分含量表现为荒漠-绿洲交错区沙漠边缘沙漠腹地的变化趋势;土壤含水量由荒漠-绿洲交错带10.4%递减到沙漠边缘5.8%、沙漠腹地3.5%;植被盖度、土壤养分含量随土壤类型由荒漠灰钙土向风沙土过渡,呈现显著的下降趋势。在相同土壤属性情况下,植被盖度与土壤有机质、土壤全氮之间存在显著的线性正相关关系,表明不同区域内植被在一定程度上影响土壤养分的积累。  相似文献   

7.
土壤微生物结皮广泛存在于干旱半干旱地区,且具有重要的生态学意义。文章对微生物结皮的形成、发育过程的特点,以及它对微生境的影响,包括对土壤理化性质、风蚀水蚀的抗性、土壤水分时空分布特点、养分及微量元素地球生物化学循环等土壤学过程和对植被的影响与作用等方面的国内外研究进展进行了综述,并对一些有争议研究结论进行了分析;探讨了土壤微生物结皮在中国干旱沙漠地区生态恢复中的地位及作用。  相似文献   

8.
北京市蔬菜和菜地土壤砷含量及其健康风险分析   总被引:58,自引:3,他引:55  
通过对北京市蔬菜和菜地土壤砷含量状况进行大规模调查,研究了蔬菜和土壤砷含量及其健康风险,并筛选出抗砷污染能力强的蔬菜品种。根据蔬菜的消费量并兼顾品种多样性的原则,在北京市规模化蔬菜栽培基地 (采集蔬菜及土壤样品) 和蔬菜批发市场 (蔬菜样品) 共采集93种蔬菜400多份蔬菜样品和39个土壤样品系统地分析其砷含量。研究发现:北京市菜地土壤砷含量范围和平均含量分别为4.44~25.3和9.40 mg/kg,明显超过北京市土壤砷背景值;北京市蔬菜砷含量最高达0.479 mg/kg,平均含量为0.028 mg/kg,均未超过《食品中砷限量卫生标准》(GB4810-94) 的限量值,但其中有2个蔬菜样品 (萝卜和大蒜) 砷含量超过WHO/FAO制订的限量标准。北京市蔬菜砷含量在东偏北方向 (偏转11o-30o) 存在明显的"U"型趋势分布。裸露地蔬菜砷含量显著高于设施蔬菜。油菜、萝卜、小白菜、大葱、芥菜、黄瓜、大白菜和甘蓝抗砷污染能力较弱,而辣椒、云架豆、冬瓜、茄子、菠菜、西红柿、芹菜等抗砷污染能力则较强。北京市居民从蔬菜中摄入砷平均值为0.016 mg/(人·d),蔬菜砷对北京市部分人群存在一定的健康风险。  相似文献   

9.
古尔班通古特沙漠植被格局对沙漠草地饲用价值的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
纵穿古尔班通古特沙漠,调查测度了草地植被格局参数和微地形,分析了土壤理化性质.利用CCA排序和其它数理统计方法,讨论了沙漠地形和土壤理化性质等生境影响下的沙漠植物群落结构空间变化:沙漠北部草本植物物种丰富、盖度较高,多见沙生针茅、驼绒藜、齿稃草和短叶假木贼;沙漠中-南部主要生长沙漠绢蒿、沙蒿、白茎绢蒿、尖喙栊牛儿苗、东方旱麦草、梭梭和琵琶柴等,并且以乔灌木物种多样性较高为特征.白梭梭、白皮沙拐枣、蛇麻黄、沙苔草、线叶庭荠、角果藜等基本为该沙漠草地的广布成分.在此基础上对比了不同地段各植物群落中相关种的营养物质组成和适口性,发现北部草原化荒漠草地发育优质牧草,具有良好的饲用价值;中-南部荒漠草地牧草在适口性、营养性和综合等级上略逊于北部,但因其在冬季里的不可替代性而具有重要饲用价值.  相似文献   

10.
2005 年10-11 月中美联合考察队在各拉丹冬峰北部果曲冰川平坦的粒雪盆 (33o34'37.8"N, 91o10'35.3"E, 5720 m a.s.l.) 钻取了一支冰芯, 通过对该冰芯进行多参数定年, 恢复了青藏高原中部各拉丹冬地区近70 年来降水中δ18O 的变化历史。根据冰芯中季风期和非季风期δ18O 值与临近气象台站气温的正相关性, 重建了该地区70 年来的春季和夏季的气温变化。结果表明, 各拉丹冬冰芯中δ18O 记录的春季和夏季升温趋势非常明显; 根据回归分析, 冰芯中非季风期的δ18O 每增大(或减小) 1‰相当于春季气温升高(或降低) 1.3 oC; 季风 期的δ18O 每增大(或减小) 1‰相当于夏季气温升高(或降低) 0.4 oC; 各拉丹冬冰芯中δ18O 记录恢复的春季和夏季气温与北半球春季和夏季的气温变化具有一致的趋势, 但各拉丹冬地区的增温幅度比北半球要大, 同时春季的增温幅度也高于夏季。  相似文献   

11.
1IntroductionStudy on the interrelationship between vegetation patterns and their habitat heterogeneity is important to recover and rehabilitate the desert vegetation, stabilize the desert ecosystem and prevent desert expansion. Domestic and foreign researchers have carried out many studies on this topic (Archer etal., 2002; Bolling etal., 2000; Chen etal., 2003; Dasti etal., 1994; Gu etal., 2002, Li etal., 2001; Li etal., 2001; Liang etal., 2003), which have used and refined statistic tech…  相似文献   

12.
This paper reports a geomorphologic landscape investigation, vegetation survey and soil sampling at 14 sites across the Gurbantunggut Desert between 87o37'09'-88o24'04'E and 44o14'04'-45o41'52'N. The study encountered 8 species of low trees and shrubs, 5 of perennial herbs, 8 of annual plants and 48 of ephemeral and ephemeroid plants. These species of plants represent one-third of the species found in the Gurbantunggut Desert, and their communities make up a large proportion of desert vegetation with great landscape significance. In the investigation we found that the plant communities are accordingly succeeded with the spatial variation of macro-ecoenvironment. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correlation Analysis (CA) we found that the micro-ecoenvironment heterogeneity of aeolian sandy soil's physical and chemical properties such as soil nutrient, soil moisture, soil salt, pH etc. only impacted the diversity of herb synusia (PIEherb) of the desert, with a negative correlation. Meanwhile, the impact of microhabitat on the plant community pattern with an antagonistic interaction made vegetation's eco-distribution in a temporary equilibrium.  相似文献   

13.
This paper reports a geomorphologic landscape investigation, vegetation survey and soil sampling at 14 sites across the Gurbantunggut Desert between 87°37′09"-88°24′04"E and 44°14′04"-45°41′52′Nl. The study encountered 8 species of low trees and shrubs, 5 of perennial herbs, 8of annual plants and 48 of ephemeral and ephemeroid plants. These species of plants represent one-third of the species found in the Gurbantunggut Desert, and their communities make up a large proportion of desert vegetation with great landscape significance. In the investigation we found that the plant communities are accordingly succeeded with the spatial variation of macro-ecoenvironment.Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correlation Analysis (CA) we found that the micro-ecoenvironment heterogeneity of aeolian sandy soil′s physical and chemical properties such as soil nutrient, soil moisture, soil salt, pH etc. only impacted the diversity of herb synusia (PIEherb) of the desert, with a negative correlation. Meanwhile, the impact of microhabitat on the plant community pattern with an antagonistic interaction made vegetation′s eco-distribution in a temporary equilibrium.  相似文献   

14.
巴丹吉林沙漠周边植被特征和物种多样性   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
通过对巴丹吉林沙漠周边地区的野外调查,以重要值为测度指标,计算物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数,对巴丹吉林沙漠周边地区荒漠植物群落物种多样性进行分析。结果表明:(1)该区域共计植物37种,各区域重要值大于0.1的物种中,灌木和半灌木占优势;(2)8个区域的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、丰富度指数和优势度指数差异显著,区域5(北部)和7(西部)因含有单物种群落,Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数显著低于其他区域;(3)荒漠植物群落结构层次中,8个区域的灌木层片每个多样性指数均没有显著性差异,草本层片在8个区域中多样性水平差异显著,由于荒漠区植被物种稀少、数量少,灌木层和草本层并未表现出显著差异;(4)巴丹吉林沙漠物种多样性水平较低,生态系统脆弱,对巴丹吉林沙漠周边地区生态系统重建时应该关注各种生态型植被的恢复重建。  相似文献   

15.
以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘不同立地条件植物群落为研究对象,分析了该区不同立地条件植物群落的种类组成、优势种群及优势种群的生态位特征。结果表明:①不同立地条件的植物群落均为灌木-草本模式,优势种群为梭梭、白梭梭、白皮沙拐枣、羽毛针禾、骆驼刺、琵琶柴、狭果鹤虱、沙蓬、倒披针叶虫实;②由于不同立地条件环境因子差异,造成其植物群落的α多样性指数存在差异;③Whittacker指数与Cody指数显示不同立地条件植物群落β多样性随环境变化可分为两个梯度,第一梯度为垄顶、迎风坡与背风坡上部,第二梯度为平坦荒地、丘间平地与背风坡中、下部;④生态位宽度大的物种间生态位重叠大。在古尔班通古特沙漠南缘进行受损群落植被恢复与重建时,可在适宜的立地条件种植梭梭与羽毛针禾。  相似文献   

16.
干旱荒漠区植被的盖度和空间分布特征是评判该区生态环境状况及荒漠化程度的重要指标。以Landsat TM影像为数据源,利用归一化植被指数(NDVI)和线性光谱混合分析模型(LSMM)两种方法对研究区——古尔班通古特沙漠西缘进行分析。在运用LSMM过程中,通过多种方法选择出最佳端元,并利用实测数据对混合像元分解结果进行验证。结果表明:①NDVI提取植被的方法受到很多限制,不适合在干旱荒漠区应用;②基于最小法非受限光谱混合分解结果较为理想,植被、盐碱地、裸沙和黑色砂粒等4种端元地物被选取出来;③LSMM提取的植被分量与实测植被盖度显著相关,线性相关系数为0.858,表明干旱荒漠区的植被盖度可以通过遥感影像提取的植被分量间接得到。  相似文献   

17.
The Gurbantunggut Desert is the largest stable and semi-stable sand desert in China, yet few data exist on vegetation pattern and species-environment relationships for these diverse desert landscapes. The sand dunes of the survey area are mainly of the longitudinal form from north to south, but checkerboard-shaped and honeycomb-shaped forms are also present, with the height of 10–50 m. We measured vegetation and soil data on north–south transects and compared them with vegetation and soil data on east–west transects. Analysis revealed that the varying trend and strength of the species diversity, dominance and cover of the plant communities in the longitudinal and transverse directions across the landscape are significantly different. The results of CCA ordination show that the microhabitats of soil organic matter (OM), soil salts (TS), sorting index (σ), topsoil water-content (SM) and pH relate to the differences in vegetation observed as differences in species assemblage from salt-intolerant ephemerals, micro-subshrubs and subshrubs to salt-tolerant shrubs and micro-arbors. The terrain (alt.) and soil texture (the contents of Mz and φ1) affect the spatial differentiation of many species. However, this spatial differentiation is not so marked on transects running longitudinally with the landscape, in the same direction as the dunes. The species of the desert vegetation have formed three assemblages under the action of habitat gradients, relating to three sections running transversely across the landscape, at right angles to the direction of the dune crests. In the mid-east section of the study area the topography is higher, with sand-lands or dune-slopes with coarse particles. Here the dominant vegetation comprises shrubs and subshrubs of Seriphidium santolium and Ephedra distachya, with large numbers of ephemeral and ephemeroid plants of Senecio subdentatus, and Carex physodes in spring and summer. On the soil of the dune-slopes in the mid-west of the study area, with coarse particles and abundant TK, the plant assemblage of Haloxylon persicum, Soranthus meyeri and Agriophyllum squarrosum is developed. The species composition in the east marginal belt of the study area has similar characteristics to the mid-west section. There is no corresponding section in the north–south transects (except for the north and south margins). This is because the habitats of most plants are located in the middle of the microhabitat gradients in the north–south direction in the desert.  相似文献   

18.
古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的分布特征   总被引:47,自引:1,他引:47  
新疆古尔班通古特沙漠是我国最大的固定和半固定沙漠,其间广泛发育着以地衣植物为主的生物结皮,是除种子植物以外的固定沙面的重要生物因子。研究表明,选择适当的时段,应用遥感技术并结合地面调查来研究沙漠生物结皮的空间分布格局是可行的,遥感制图与地面调查的结果基本一致。该沙漠南部是生物结皮最为丰富的区域,各种类型的生物结皮均有充分发育,呈连续分布,但其分布模式向北、向西和向东变得破碎。通过统计生物结皮像元的面积,得到生物结皮覆盖率超过33%的像元面积占研究区总面积的28.7%。生物结皮的分布对地貌部位有较强的选择性,生物结皮的不同发育阶段种类组成亦有较大的差别。  相似文献   

19.
开垦对荒漠土壤微生物群落结构特征的影响   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
王银亚  李晨华  马健 《中国沙漠》2017,37(3):514-522
以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘典型流域(玛纳斯河、吉木萨尔河、三工河、四工河、水磨河)的绿洲农田与毗邻荒漠土壤为研究对象,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)方法分析不同开垦年限的土壤微生物生物量、群落结构、多样性变化特征。结果表明:荒漠开垦后,土壤微生物总PLFA含量、真菌PLFA、细菌PLFA、革兰氏阳性菌(G+)和革兰氏阴性菌(G-)PLFA含量均显著增加。荒漠开垦5 a内,细菌PLFA与G-PLFA增长更强烈,使得真菌PLFA/细菌PLFA比值降低了48%,G+PLFA/G-PLFA比值(革兰氏阳性菌与革兰氏阴性菌的PLFA比值)降低了67%。但随着开垦年限的延长,这两个比值没有显著变化,表明与开垦年限相比,荒漠的开垦行为对土壤微生物群落结构有着更加强烈的影响。随着开垦年限的增加,土壤微生物群落多样性总体呈上升趋势。虽然荒漠在开垦50 a后多样性指数略有下降,但仍远高于荒漠土壤。土壤微生物总PLFA含量和大部分菌群PLFA含量与土壤电导率显著负相关,与全氮和有机碳显著正相关。荒漠在开垦过程中灌溉增加了土壤水分且降低了土壤盐分,全氮和有机碳含量增加,这些改变是土壤微生物群落变化的主要原因。荒漠开垦有助于提高土壤微生物PLFA含量、改善土壤微生物的群落结构、丰富土壤微生物群落多样性,有利于土壤质量的提高。  相似文献   

20.
古尔班通古特沙漠植被与环境关系分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The Gurbantunggut Desert is the largest stable and semi-stable sand desert in China, yet few data exist on vegetation pattern and species-environment relationships for these diverse desert landscapes. The sand dunes of the survey area are mainly of the longi- tudinal form from north to south, but checkerboard-shaped and honeycomb-shaped forms are also present, with the height of 10-50 m. We measured vegetation and soil data on north-south transects and compared them with vegetation and soil data on east-west transects. Analysis revealed that the varying trend and strength of the species diversity, dominance and cover of the plant communities in the longitudinal and transverse directions across the landscape are significantly different. The results of CCA ordination show that the microhabitats of soil organic matter (OM), soil salts (TS), sorting index ( σ ), topsoil water-content (SM) and pH relate to the differences in vegetation observed as differences in species assemblage from salt-intolerant ephemerals, micro-subshrubs and subshrubs to salt-tolerant shrubs and micro-arbors. The terrain (alt.) and soil texture (the contents of Mz and Ф 1) affect the spatial differentiation of many species. However, this spatial differentiation is not so marked on transects running longitudinally with the landscape, in the same direction as the dunes. The species of the desert vegetation have formed three assemblages under the action of habitat gradients, relating to three sections running transversely across the landscape, at right angles to the direction of the dune crests. In the mid-east section of the study area the topography is higher, with sand-lands or dune-slopes with coarse particles. Here the dominant vegetation comprises shrubs and subshrubs of Seriphidium santofium and Ephedra distachya, with large numbers of ephemeral and ephemeroid plants of Senecio subdentatus, and Carex physodes in spring and summer. On the soil of the dune-slopes in the mid-west of the study area, with coarse partic  相似文献   

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