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一氧化氮和过氧化氢对万寿菊不定根形成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以万寿菊（Tagetes erecta L.）为试材,研究了一氧化氮（NO）和过氧化氢（H2O2）对植物不定根形成中的影响及其相互关系。结果表明,外源NO供体肖普纳（SNP）和H2O2可显著地促进万寿菊外植体不定根的形成,且呈现明显的剂量效应,最适的SNP和H2O2浓度分别为50 μM和200 μM。NO和H2O2共同处理的万寿菊不定根的数量和根长显著高于NO或H2O2单独处理。NO在H2O2诱导万寿菊不定根形成的信号途径中起了重要作用;同时,H2O2包含在NO诱导不定根形成途径中。NO引起万寿菊外植体内源H2O2含量增加,H2O2亦促进内源NO积累。可见,NO和H2O2在万寿菊不定根形成过程中具有协同诱导效应,两者在促进不定根形成过程中可能通过互作反应提高各自的信号水平。 相似文献
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Na^＋，K^＋，Mg^2＋∥NO3^-，Cl^-，SO4^2——H2O体系25℃热力学模型和溶解度预测V：四元同离子体系K^＋∥SO4^2-，NO3^-，Cl^——H2O和Mg^2＋∥SO4^2-，NO3^-，Cl^——H2O 
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下载免费PDF全文 前4次文章我们获得并讨论了用于六元体系溶解度计算合理的单独电解质Pitzer参数,及四元交互体系Na^＋,K^＋∥Cl^-,NO3^--H2O、K^＋,Mg^2＋∥NO3^-,SO4^2--H2O、K^＋,Mg^2＋∥NO3^-,Cl^--H2O混合参数和它们的应用。此次报道在K^＋∥Cl^-,NO3^-,SO4^2--H2O、Mg^2＋∥Cl^-,NO3^-,SO4^2--H2O同离子四元体系溶解度预测中的应用。前一个是简单共饱型四元体系,热力学预测表明在后一体系中应有MgSO4·6H2O（Hexahydrite）存在。 相似文献
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Na+,K+,Mg2+//NO3-,Cl-,SO42--H2O体系25℃热力学模型和溶解度预测V:四元同离子体系K+//SO42-,NO3-,Cl--H2O和Mg2+//SO42-,NO3-,Cl2-H2O 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 前4次文章我们获得并讨论了用于六元体系溶解度计算合理的单独电解质Pitzer参数,及四元交互体系Na+,K+//Cl-,NO3--H2O、K+,Mg2+//NO3-,SO42--H2O、K+,Mg2+//NO3-,Cl--H2O混合参数和它们的应用.此次报道在K+//Cl-,NO3-,SO42-H2O、Mg2+//Cl-,NO3-,SO42--H2O同离子四元体系溶解度预测中的应用.前一个是简单共饱型四元体系,热力学预测表明在后一体系中应有MgSO4·6H2O(Hexahydrite)存在. 相似文献
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红树族植物是红树林的重要建成种群,表现出丰富的自然杂交现象。为了明确杂交子代与亲本的亲缘关系,利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对中国红树科(Rhizophoraceae)红树2属6种(2杂交种)植物的叶表皮微形态特征,进行观察和分析。研究结果显示,供试植物叶片上、下表皮细胞形状都为近多边型,垂周壁式样都为平直或微弯;气孔只分布于下表皮,气孔形状都为椭圆形,且气孔器类型为无规则型;气孔密度、气孔指数和表皮细胞密度等数量性状指标在属间存在显著差异;下表皮角质层空腔为红树属(Rhizophora)植物特有性状;聚类分析将供试植物分为2个类群,杂交子代与母本有较近的亲缘关系,聚类传统形态学分类和分子验证结果相符,表明叶表皮微形态特征在区分红树族植物以及分析杂交子代和亲本的亲缘关系方面具有分类学意义。 相似文献
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干旱地区植被影响沙地水分传输机理及其参数化 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12
从植物生长与水分平衡的关系入手,在土壤水分动力学和近地面空气动力学等学科的研究基础上,依据植物生理生态学原理,探讨了干旱地区植被影响沙地水分传输的机理,初步建立了植被参数化模型和土壤-植物-大气连续体(SPAC)水分传输综合模型。主要研究结果如下:①分析了荒漠植物的生长及其动态变化特征,对沙生植物地上部与根系生长,尤其是根系在土壤中的分布进行了量化。②分析了荒漠植物的蒸腾特性及其气孔调节作用机制,指出了土壤水分亏缺是叶片气孔关闭、蒸腾作用降低的主要原因,探讨了植物蒸腾作用与气孔调节之间的复杂关系及其今后的研究重点。③揭示了沙地植被蒸发蒸腾的变化规律;分析了影响沙地植被蒸发蒸腾的生物因素和环境因素的作用。④初步建立了植被参数化和SPAC水分传输综合模型,模拟了植被结构影响冠层能量平衡过程,探讨了植物状态参数、生理参数与蒸发蒸腾的相互关系。 相似文献
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运用静态箱-气相色谱法对中亚热带地区米槠天然林和阿丁枫天然林土壤N2O排放速率进行了1年（2012年1月—2013年1月）原位观测,分析了土壤温度及含水量对土壤N2O排放速率的影响,并探讨土壤无机N含量变化与土壤N2O排放速率的关系。结果表明,观测期间,2种天然林均表现为大气N2O排放源,米槠天然林和阿丁枫天然林平均土壤N2O排放速率分别为7.29μg·m^-2·h^-1、7.41μg·m^-2·h^-1;米槠天然林和阿丁枫天然林土壤N2O排放速率季节变化明显,最高排放速率均出现在夏季6月,分别为16.51μg·m^-2·h^-1、18.86μg·m^-2·h^-1;2个林分N2O排放速率最低值分别出现在2012年1月和2012年9月,分别为3.04μg·m^-2·h^-1和2.17μg·m^-2·h^-1。2种天然林土壤N2O排放速率均与土壤温度无显著相关性,与土壤含水量显著正相关（P〈0.05）;2种天然林土壤N2O排放速率与NH4＋含量均无显著相关性,米槠天然林和阿丁枫天然土壤N2O排放速率与NO3-含量分别呈显著负相关和显著正相关（P〈0.05）。研究结果表明,土壤含水量及NO3-含量的变化对中亚热带天然林土壤N2O排放速率有着重要的影响。 相似文献
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用等压法研究了LiCl-Li2 B4O7-H2 O体系离子强度范围为 0 1 5 3 0～ 3 0 75 8mol kg-1不同质量摩尔浓度分数的等压平衡浓度 ,水活度 ;计算了LiCl和Li2 B4O7,混合盐溶液的饱和蒸汽压 ,渗透系数等热力学性质。以总硼浓度 0 0 8mol·kg-1为界 ,把所有混合盐的实验数据分为高浓度和低浓度两部分 ,按照不同的物种生成转化反应 ,考虑溶液中H3 BO3 和硼氧配阴离子B(OH) 4 -,B3 O3 (OH) 4 -和B4O5(OH) 4 2 -的存在形式。由实验数据用最小二乘法和迭代法求取了LiB(OH) 4 离子对的缔合平衡常数Km1,B3 O3 ,(OH) 4 离子的生成转化反应的化学计量平衡常数Km2 ,以及Pitzer模型的离子相互作用参数。用该模型计算的渗透系数值与实验结果取得合理的一致。对完善含锂、硼盐湖卤水体系的热力学模型和盐湖资源的综合开发具有重要意义 相似文献
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用动力学方法对标题体系过饱和溶液的结晶过程进行了研究,MgO:B_2O_3(mol比)为1:2、1:5和1:7时的结晶固相分别为多水硼镁石、三方硼镁石和硼酸,与MgCl_2浓度为28％时的结果对比表明,MgCl_2浓度越低,该四元体系溶液过饱和度越小,因此,液固相关系也变得比较简单,在本文研究的浓度条件下出现了多水硼镁石固相,而MgCl_2浓度为28％时却没有,拟合出结晶动力学方程,对结晶机制进行了探讨。 相似文献
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The crystal structure of metal borates has been extensively investigated by X-ray and neutron diffraction,but,the structure of aqueous polyborate solutions are still largely unknown.Over the last decade,our group has focused on studying the structure of complex aqueous polyborate solutions of Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,and Mg using synchrotron radiation X-ray scattering(XRS),EXAFS,Raman,NMR,and DFT,as well as determining the density,conductivity and pH of such solutions.Polyborate species distributions were calculated using pH measurements,and the main species in the solution have been confirmed by NMR and Raman spectra.For alkali-metal metaborates,the dominant species is always B(OH)-4in a wide range of concentration,while the presence of others species is negligible.For alkali metal tetraborates,when concentration is in the extreme low range,only B(OH)3 and B(OH)-4 are present in these solutions.As the total boron concentration increases,B(OH)3 and B(OH)-4 polycondensated to form more complex oligomers.Of them,while B4O5(OH)2-4 in the tetraborate solutions is the main species,B(OH)3,B(OH)-4,and B3O3(OH)-4 are minor species,and B3O3(OH)2-5 and B5O6OH)-4 are present only in negligible amounts.As solution continues to concentrate,B4O5(OH)2-4 eventually becomes the dominant species,which is consistent with the congruent compound M2B4O7·nH2O(M=Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs) in the system M2O-B2O3-H2O(M=Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs).For alkali metal pentaborates,B(OH)3 and B(OH)-4 are the main species at low concentrations.The species distribution,Raman and NMR spectroscopy results verified that the dominant species in concentrated pentaborate solutions with Li and Na is pentaborate B5O6OH)-4,but it is surprising that the main species with K,Rb,and Cs is always the triborate monoanion B3O3(OH)-4.Although all M[B5O6OH)4]·nH2O(M=Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs) are all congruent compounds in the system M2O-B2O3-H2O(M=Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs) ,the main species in aqueous solutions are quite different because of various cation hydration distance(d),hydration number(CN),and configuration,especially charge(Z).For bivalent Mg2+,three borate minerals,namely,Inderite(2MgO·3B2O3·15H2O),Hungchaoite(MgO·2B2O3·9H2O),and Mcallisterite(MgO·3B2O3·7.5H2O),exist in the system MgO-B2O3-H2O at 298K.Inderite is a congruent compound,but Hungchaoite and Mcallisterite are incongruent compounds.The species distribution and Raman spectra demonstrat that the predominant species in all the solutions with magnesium borates is bivalent triborate B3O3(OH)2-5,while the subordinate species are B(OH)-4 at a low B2O3/MgO ratio and B(OH)3at a high B2O3/MgO ratio,and the other anions are negligible,as the high Z of the borate anion must match that of Mg2+.The disappearance of divalent B4O5(OH)2-4 is in agreement with its incongruent nature.The DFT and XRS results showed that tetrahedral Li(H2O)+4(d=0.20 nm,CN=4),octahedral Na(H2O)6+(d=0.236 nm,CN=6),and Mg(H2O)2+6(d=0.210 nm,CN=6) in the first hydration shell belong to Platonic polyhedra.However,K(H2O)+8(d=0.28 nm,CN=8,XRS and DFT),Rb(H2O)+8(d=0.293 nm,CN=7.7-8.2,EXAFS),and Cs(H2O)+8(d=0.320-0.326 nm,CN=7.6-7.9,EXAFS) are inclined Voronoi polyhedra.Therefore,the effects of cation Z and d on the structure of polyborates in aqueous solutions are deterministic,while the effect of hydrated-cation symmetry is secondary.Their hydrolysis order was:Mg＞Li＞Na＞K＞Rb＞Cs,in step with hydration power.Among them,Mg2+ and Li+have a strong tendency towards hydrolysis,but Na+ scarcely hydrolyzes,especially Rb+ and Cs+ have a little protonation.X-ray scattering of aqueous alkaline sodium borohydride solutions confirmed that dihydrogen bonds exist in an aqueous solution.The four distinct features of dihydrogen bonds in aqueous solution-unidirectionality,divaricativity,multicentricity,and multidentativity have been also described here in brief. 相似文献
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Solid-Liquid Phase Equilibria in the Aqueous System Containing Potassium, Magnesium, and Borate at 308.15 K 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Experimental studies on the solubility,density,refractive index,and pH value in the aqueous system containing potassium,magnesium,and borate at 308. 15 K were determined with the method of isothermal dissolution equilibrium. Based on the experimental results,the diagrams of solubility,density,refractive index,and pH value in this system were plotted. We found that there were one eutectic point and two crystallization regions corresponding to the large area of inderite( L + Mg_2 B_6 O_(11)·15 H_2 O) and the relatively small area of potassium borate tetrahydrate( L + K_2 B_4 O_7·4 H_2 O),respectively. Neither double salt nor solid solution was found in this system. The physicochemical properties( density,refractive index,and pH value) in solution at 308. 15 K changed regularly with increasing potassium borate concentration. The calculated values of density and refractive index using empirical equations of the aqueous system were in good agreement with the experimental values. 相似文献