共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 110 毫秒
1.
1956-2002年滦河流域径流变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
The decrease of runoff in the Luanhe river basin, which caused water crisis in Tian-jin for several times, was investigated using discharge data covering the period 1956-2002. The data from the differential integral curves of the annual runoff indicate that the decreasing point began in 1979 in the six sub-basins. The decrease of runoff in the Luanhe river basin resulted from the combination of climate effects and human activities, in which the latter plays an important role. This can be illustrated by noting that after 1979 the runoff generated by similar precipitation decreased under the condition that the total precipitation did not decrease in the entire basin. As a result, the annual runoff of the Luanhe river basin after 1979 decreased by about 6.46×10^8 m^3 each year. To analyze the runoff characteristics, it is inadequate to seek the runoff trends only and the identification of cyclical component of the runoff as accurate as possible is necessary. From the natural annual runoff discharge time series, we can see the annual runoff fluctuates around the long-term average. Analyzed by VRL （Variable Record Length） method, the main periods of 3, 5-6, 7, 9, 16-20 and 37-39 years were found. The last decade causing water crisis was the driest period in the history, and this condition will last several years from trend analysis and power spectrum analysis. So finding new water sources is urgent to solve water crisis in Tianjin city, and the South-North Water Transfer is a feasible option. 相似文献
2.
皇甫川流域降水量和人类活动对径流量变化影响的定量评估(英文) 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
The runoff of some rivers in the world especially in the arid and semi-arid areas has decreased remarkably with global or regional climate change and enhanced human activities.The runoff decrease in the arid and semi-arid areas of northern China has brought severe problems in livelihoods and ecology.To reveal the variation characteristics,trends of runoff and their influencing factors have been important scientific issues for drainage basin management.The objective of this study was to analyze the variation trends of the runoff and quantitatively assess the contributions of precipitation and human activities to the runoff change in the Huangfuchuan River Basin based on the measured data in 1960-2008.Two inflection points(turning years) of 1979 and 1998 for the accumulative runoff change,and one inflection point of 1979 for the accumulative precipitation change were identified using the methods of accumulative anomaly analysis.The linear relationships between year and accumulative runoff in 1960-1979,1980-1997 and 1998-2008 and between year and accumulative precipitation in 1960-1979 and 1980-2008 were fitted.A new method of slope change ratio of accumulative quantity(SCRAQ) was put forward and used in this study to calculate the contributions of different factors to the runoff change.Taking 1960-1979 as the base period,the contribution rate of the precipitation and human activities to the decreased runoff was 36.43% and 63.57% in 1980-1997,and 16.81% and 83.19% in 1998-2008,respectively.The results will play an important role in the drainage basin management.Moreover,the new method of SCRAQ can be applied in the quantitative evaluation of runoff change and impacts by different factors in the river basin of arid and semi-arid areas. 相似文献
3.
1944-2005年黑河流域径流量变化特征及趋势 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Heihe River drainage basin is one of the endangered ecological regions of China. The shortage of water resources is the bottleneck, which constrains the sustainable development of the region. Many scholars in China have done researches concerning this problem. Based on previous researches, this paper analyzed characteristics, tendencies, and causes of annual runoff variations in the Yingluo Gorge （1944-2005） and the Zhengyi Gorge （1954-2005）, which are the boundaries of the upper reaches, the middle reaches, and the lower reaches of the Heihe River drainage basin, by wavelet analysis, wavelet neural network model, and GIS spatial analysis. The results show that： （1） annual runoff variations of the Yingluo Gorge have principal periods of 7 years and 25 years, and its increasing rate is 1.04 m^3/s.10y; （2） annual runoff variations of the Zhengyi Gorge have principal periods of 6 years and 27 years, and its decreasing rate is 2.25 m^3/s.10y; （3） prediction results show that： during 2006-2015, annual runoff variations of the Yingluo and Zhengyi gorges have ascending tendencies, and the increasing rates are respectively 2.04 m^3/s.10y and 1.61 m^3/s.10y; （4） the increase of annual runoff in the Yingluo Gorge has causal relationship with increased temperature and precipitation in the upper reaches, and the decrease of annual runoff in the Zhengyi Gorge in the past decades was mainly caused by the increased human consumption of water resources in the middle researches. The study results will provide scientific basis for making rational use and allocation schemes of water resources in the Heihe River drainage basin. 相似文献
4.
The Heihe River drainage basin is one of the endangered ecological regions of China. The shortage of water resources is the bottleneck,which constrains the sustainable development of the region. Many scholars in China have done researches concerning this problem. Based on previous researches,this paper analyzed characteristics,tendencies,and causes of annual runoff variations in the Yingluo Gorge (1944-2005) and the Zhengyi Gorge (1954-2005),which are the boundaries of the upper reaches,the middle reaches,and the lower reaches of the Heihe River drainage basin,by wavelet analysis,wavelet neural network model,and GIS spatial analysis. The results show that: (1) annual runoff variations of the Yingluo Gorge have principal periods of 7 years and 25 years,and its increasing rate is 1.04 m3/s·10y; (2) annual runoff variations of the Zhengyi Gorge have principal periods of 6 years and 27 years,and its decreasing rate is 2.25 m3/s·10y; (3) prediction results show that: during 2006-2015,annual runoff variations of the Yingluo and Zhengyi gorges have ascending tendencies,and the increasing rates are respectively 2.04 m3/s·10y and 1.61 m3/s·10y; (4) the increase of annual runoff in the Yingluo Gorge has causal relationship with increased temperature and precipitation in the upper reaches,and the decrease of annual runoff in the Zhengyi Gorge in the past decades was mainly caused by the increased human consumption of water resources in the middle researches. The study results will provide scientific basis for making rational use and allocation schemes of water resources in the Heihe River drainage basin. 相似文献
5.
1TheYellowRiverBasinThe Yellow River, with a drainage area of 752,000 km2 and a length of 5,464 km, is the second largest river in China (Figure 1). This river, recognized as the cradle of Chinese civilization, is one of the most complicated and challenging rivers in the world in terms of erosion and sedimentation control, flood defense, and water resource management. The river basin is mostly arid and semi-arid, with a long-term average annual runoff depth of 77 mm and a mean annual input … 相似文献
6.
The Yarlung Zangbo River (YR) is the highest great river in the world, and its basin is one of the centers of human economic activity in Tibet. Using 10 meteorological stations over the YR basin in 1961–2005, the spatial and temporal characteristics of temperature and precipitation as well as potential evapotranspiration are analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) The annual and four seasonal mean air temperature shows statistically significant increasing trend, the tendency is more significant in winter and fall. The warming in Lhasa river basin is most significant. (2) The precipitation is decreasing from the 1960s to the 1980s and increasing since the 1980s. From 1961 to 2005, the annual and four seasonal mean precipitation is increasing but not statistically significant, especially in fall and spring. The increasing precipitation rates are more pronounced in Niyangqu and Palong Zangbo river basins, the closer to the upper YR is, the less precipitation increasing rate would be. (3) The annual and four seasonal mean potential evapotranspiration has decreased, especially after the 1980s, and most of it happens in winter and spring. The decreasing trend is most significant in the middle YR and Nianchu river basin. (4) Compared with the Mt. Qomolangma region, Tibetan Plateau, China and global average, the magnitudes of warming trend over the YR basin since the 1970s exceed those areas in the same period, and compared with the Tibetan Plateau, the magnitudes of precipitation increasing and potential evapotranspiration decreasing are larger, suggesting that the YR basin is one of the most sensitive areas to global warming. 相似文献
7.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(4)
The capacity of soil and water conservation measures, defined as the maximum quantity of suitable soil and water conservation measures contained in a region, were determined for the Loess Plateau based on zones suitable for establishing terraced fields, forestland and grassland with the support of geographic information system(GIS) software. The minimum possible soil erosion modulus and actual soil erosion modulus in 2010 were calculated using the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE), and the ratio of the minimum possible soil erosion modulus under the capacity of soil and water conservation measures to the actual soil erosion modulus was defined as the soil erosion control degree. The control potential of soil erosion and water loss in the Loess Plateau was studied using this concept. Results showed that the actual soil erosion modulus was 3355 t·km~(–2)·a~(–1), the minimum possible soil erosion modulus was 1921 t·km~(–2)·a~(–1), and the soil erosion control degree was 0.57(medium level) in the Loess Plateau in 2010. In terms of zoning, the control degree was relatively high in the river valley-plain area, soil-rocky mountainous area, and windy-sandy area, but relatively low in the soil-rocky hilly-forested area, hilly-gully area and plateau-gully area. The rate of erosion areas with a soil erosion modulus of less than 1000 t·km~(–2)·a~(–1) increased from 50.48% to 57.71%, forest and grass coverage rose from 56.74% to 69.15%, rate of terraced fields increased from 4.36% to 19.03%, and per capita grain available rose from 418 kg·a~(–1) to 459 kg·a~(–1) under the capacity of soil and water conservation measures compared with actual conditions. These research results are of some guiding significance for soil and water loss control in the Loess Plateau. 相似文献
8.
《地理学报(英文版)》2019,(3)
Runoff generation is an important part of water retention service, and also plays an important role on soil and water retention. Under the background of the ecosystem degradation, which was caused by the vulnerable karst ecosystem combined with human activity, it is necessary to understand the spatial pattern and impact factors of runoff generation in the karst region. The typical karst peak-cluster depression basin was selected as the study area. And the calibrated and verified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was the main techniques to simulate the runoff generation in the typical karst basin. Further, the spatial variability of total/surface/groundwater runoff was analyzed along with the methods of gradient analysis and local regression. Results indicated that the law of spatial difference was obvious, and the total runoff coefficients were 70.0%. The groundwater runoff was rich, about 2–3 times the surface runoff. Terrain is a significant factor contributing to macroscopic control effect on the runoff service, where the total and groundwater runoff increased significantly with the rising elevation and slope. The distribution characteristics of vegetation have great effects on surface runoff. There were spatial differences between the forest land in the upstream and orchard land in the downstream, in turn the surface runoff presented a turning point due to the influence of vegetation. Moreover, the results of spatial overlay analysis showed that the highest value of total and groundwater runoff was distributed in the forest land. It is not only owing to the stronger soil water retention capacity of forest ecosystem, and geologic feature of rapid infiltration in this region, but also reflected the combining effects on the land cover types and topographical features. Overall, this study will promote the development and innovation of ecosystem services fields in the karst region, and further provide a theoretical foundation for ecosystem restoration and reconstruction. 相似文献
9.
中国西北干旱内陆河流域分布式出山径流模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to predict the futuristic runoff under global warming, and to approach to the effects of vegetation on the ecological environment of the inland river mountainous watershed of Northwest China, the authors use the routine hydrometric data to create a distributed monthly model with some conceptual parameters, coupled with GIS and RS tools and data. The model takes sub-basin as the minimal confluent unit, divides the main soils of the basin into 3 layers, and identifies the vegetation types as forest and pasture. The data used in the model are precipitation, air temperature, runoff, soil weight water content, soil depth, soil bulk density, soil porosity, land cover,etc. The model holds that if the water amount is greater than the water content capacity, there will be surface runoff. The actual evaporation is proportional to the product of the potential evaporation and soil volume water content. The studied basin is Heihe mainstream mountainous basin, with a drainage area of 10,009 km^2. The data used in this simulation are from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1995, and the first 10 years‘ data are used to simulate, while the last 5 years‘ data are used to calibrate. For the simulation process, the Nash-Sutcliffe Equation, Balance Error and Explained Variance is 0.8681,5.4008 and 0.8718 respectively, while for the calibration process, 0.8799, -0.5974 and 0.8800 respectively. The model results show that the futuristic runoff of Heihe river basin will increase a little. The snowmelt, glacier meltwater and the evaportranspiration will increase. The air temperature increment will make the permanent snow and glacier area diminish, and the snowline will rise. The vegetation, especially the forest in Heihe mountainous watershed, could lead to the evapoWanspimtion decrease of the watershed, adjust the runoff orocess, and increase the soil water content. 相似文献
10.
Hydrological circulation, as the most basic material cycle and active natural phenomenon on earth, exerts a significant influence on climate change. The mid-Holocene is an important period to better understand modern environmental change;however, little research has focused on its quantitative simulation of paleo-hydrological process. In this research, we first collected chronological evidence and sediment records from six Holocene sedimentary sections in the Shiyang River Basin to reconstruct the mid-Holocene environment and terminal paleo-lake area. Secondly, we comprehensively analyzed modern pollen combinations and their propagation characteristics in surface soil, air, river and lacustrine sediments in the Shiyang River Basin, and combined the pollen records, as well as quantitatively reconstructed the millennial-scale vegetation zones. Finally, based on the land-cover adjustment results during the mid-Holocene, we successfully used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) model, a modern distributed hydrological watershed model, to simulate mid-Holocene runoff in the basin. Results show that the reconstructed climate in the basin was warmer and moister than that in recent times. Vegetation types in the mid-Holocene mainly consisted of sub-alpine shrub distributed between 2,550 m and 2,750 m,forest at an elevation of 2,550-2,750 m, steppe at an elevation of 1,550-2,150 m and desert steppe below 1,550 m. The upstream, midstream, downstream and average annual runoff of the mid-Holocene in the basin were 16.76×10~8 m~3, 22.86×10~8 m~3, 9.00×10~8 m~3 and 16.20×10~8 m~3 respectively, compared to 15.61×10~8 m~3 of modern annual runoff. Also, the area of terminal paleo-lake in the mid-Holocene was 628 km~2. Thus, this study provides a new quantitative method for paleo-hydrological simulation. 相似文献
11.
Taking the Chaohe River Basin above the Miyun Reservoir in North China as a study area, the characteristics and variation trends of annual runoff and annual precipitation during 1961–2005 were analyzed applying Mann-Kendall test method on the basis of the hydrologic data of the major hydrological station (Xiahui Station) located at the outlet of the drainage basin and the meteorological data of 17 rainfall stations. Human activities including water conservancy projects construction and water diversion as well as implementation of soil and water conservation from 1961 to 2005 were carefully studied using time series contrasting method. The referenced period (1961–1980) that influenced slightly by human activities and the compared period (1981–2005) that influenced significantly by water conservancy and soil conservation measures were identified according to the runoff variation process analysis and abrupt change points detection during 1961–2005 applying double accumulative curve method, mean shift t-test method and Mann-Kendall mutation test technique. Based on the establishment of a rainfall-runoff empirical statistical model, impacts and the runoff-reducing effects of water conservancy and soil conservation measures on runoff reduction were evaluated quantitatively. The major results could be summarized as follows: (1) The annual precipitation in the drainage basin tends to decrease while the runoff has declined markedly since the 1960s, the average annual runoff from 1991 to 2000 was only 90.9% in proportion to that from 1961 to 1970. (2) The annual runoff variations in the drainage basin are significantly related to human activities. (3) During 1981–1990, 1991–2000, 2001–2005 and 1981–2005, the average annual runoff reduction amounts were 1.15×108, 0.28×108, 1.10×108 and 0.79×108 m3 respectively and the average annual runoff-reducing effects were 31.99%, 7.13%, 40.71% and 23.79% accordingly. Runoff-reducing effects by water conservancy and soil conservation measures are more prominent in the low water period. 相似文献
12.
Taking the Chaohe River Basin above the Miyun Reservoir in North China as a study area, the characteristics and variation
trends of annual runoff and annual precipitation during 1961–2005 were analyzed applying Mann-Kendall test method on the basis
of the hydrologic data of the major hydrological station (Xiahui Station) located at the outlet of the drainage basin and
the meteorological data of 17 rainfall stations. Human activities including water conservancy projects construction and water
diversion as well as implementation of soil and water conservation from 1961 to 2005 were carefully studied using time series
contrasting method. The referenced period (1961–1980) that influenced slightly by human activities and the compared period
(1981–2005) that influenced significantly by water conservancy and soil conservation measures were identified according to
the runoff variation process analysis and abrupt change points detection during 1961–2005 applying double accumulative curve
method, mean shift t-test method and Mann-Kendall mutation test technique. Based on the establishment of a rainfall-runoff
empirical statistical model, impacts and the runoff-reducing effects of water conservancy and soil conservation measures on
runoff reduction were evaluated quantitatively. The major results could be summarized as follows: (1) The annual precipitation
in the drainage basin tends to decrease while the runoff has declined markedly since the 1960s, the average annual runoff
from 1991 to 2000 was only 90.9% in proportion to that from 1961 to 1970. (2) The annual runoff variations in the drainage
basin are significantly related to human activities. (3) During 1981–1990, 1991–2000, 2001–2005 and 1981–2005, the average
annual runoff reduction amounts were 1.15×108, 0.28×108, 1.10×108 and 0.79×108 m3 respectively and the average annual runoff-reducing effects were 31.99%, 7.13%, 40.71% and 23.79% accordingly. Runoff-reducing
effects by water conservancy and soil conservation measures are more prominent in the low water period. 相似文献
13.
水利水保措施对潮河流域年径流量的影响 —— 基于经验统计模型的评估 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
利用时间序列对比法分析了1961-2005 年潮河流域降水、径流、用水量、水利工程、 水土保持措施变化。结果表明: (1) 自20 世纪60 年代以来, 潮河流域年平均面雨量略有减 少, 但流域年径流量却呈明显减少趋势, 1991-2000 年的流域年径流量平均值为1961-1970 年 的90.9%, 减少幅度较大; (2) 潮河流域径流量的变化主要与水利水保等人类活动有关。利用 降水-径流经验统计模型评估了流域水利水保措施对年径流量的影响程度: 1981-1990 年、 1991-2000 年、2001-2005 年、1981-2005 年, 受水利水保措施影响所产生的年均减水量分别 为1.15、0.28、1.10、0.79 亿m3, 水利水保措施减水效应分别为31.99%、7.13%、40.71%、 23.79%。水利水保措施对枯水时段的减水效应更为突出。 相似文献
14.
近45年来降水变化和人类活动对潮河流域年径流量的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
近45a来,随着流域降水量减少,以及修建水利工程、引水、实施水土保持等人类活动的增加,潮河流域年径流量呈明显减少趋势。利用降水-径流经验统计模型,定量评估了潮河流域降水变化与人类活动对流域年径流量的影响程度。结果表明:1981~1990、1991~2000、2001~2005、1981~2005年,受人类活动影响所产生的年均减水量分别为1.32、0.67、1.46、1.09×108m3,占相应时段总减水量的95.1%,98.9%,60.7%和83.2%;受降水变化影响所产生的年均减水量分别为0.07、0.01、0.95、0.22×108m3,占相应时段总减水量的4.9%,1.1%,39.3%和16.8%。人类活动因素的贡献率远大于降水因素。 相似文献
15.
河川径流还现计算是准确反映区域水资源状况的基础,同时也是水资源规划和决策的重要依据。选取甘肃省洮河流域李家村、红旗2个代表水文站长系列径流资料作为基础数据,在还原计算的础上,对洮河流域径流进行还现计算,同时对径流变化特征进行研究。结果表明:1956-2016年洮河流域李家村、红旗多年平均实测径流量分别为39.52×10^8 m^3、44.66×10^8 m^3,还原后多年平均天然径流量分别为39.69×10^8 m^3、46.11×10^8 m^3,多年平均还原水量分别为0.17×10^8 m^3、1.45×10^8 m^3,2站消耗水量主要用于农业灌溉;2站天然径流突变趋势基本一致,突变点均为1990年;李家村、红旗站径流多年平均天然径流量修正还现后分别为31.76×10^8 m^3、38.77×10^8 m^3,减少径流量分别为7.93×10^8 m^3、7.04×10^8 m^3,分别减少20%、15%;还现后李家村站年径流呈现略微增加趋势,而红旗站年径流量呈现略微减小趋势;径流量呈现20世纪50年代和70年代-21世纪00年代低于多年平均值,21世纪10年代高于平均值和不同丰、平、枯状态的年代际特证。研究结果为流域水资源调查评价提供基础支撑,对促进流域水资源高效利用和优化配置,指导区域水资源综合管理与社会经济发展具有重要作用。 相似文献
16.
黄河中游河口龙门区间水沙变化特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黄河中游河口-龙门区间是我国乃至世界上水土流失最严重的地区,多年来大规模的水利水保工程建设使得该区产流产沙条件发生明显变化,因此,分析该区水沙变化特征及水沙变化原因具有重要意义。选取黄河中游河口-龙门区间下游龙门站1957—2005年水沙量水文观测资料代替区间资料,进行一致性检验后,运用小波分析、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、均差累积等统计方法对河口-龙门区间水沙变化特征进行分析,结果表明:该区水沙年内分配不均匀,年际变化大;该区水沙都呈显著的减少趋势,径流量和输沙量分别具有两个和4个明显的阶段性变化特征;水沙双累积曲线显示该区沙特性发生明显变化。在此基础上,通过分析该区水土保持面积与减水减沙量的相关关系表明,其具有良好的线性关系,进一步验证了水利水保措施是该区水沙减少的主要原因这一结论。 相似文献
17.
嘉陵江流域年径流量的变化及其原因 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以嘉陵江的资料为基础,探讨了年径流量的变化及其原因,分析了水土保持措施减少径流的效应。以1956-1980年作为人类活动较弱的“基准期”,而以1981-2000年为人类活动较强的“措施期”,分别给出了回归方程。计算表明,降水减少导致的年减水量占年平均总减水量的84.3%,水利水土保持措施导致的年减水量占年平均总减水量的15.7%。人类活动对年径流的影响是依赖于年降水量的,降水偏少年减水量较大,降水偏多年减水量较小,超过某一临界值之后,年径流量不但不会减少,反而会增加。计算表明,这一临界年降水量为1 000 mm。年径流系数的变化和年径流量的变化相似,1980年以前无趋势性变化,1980年后有减小的趋势。人类活动对年径流系数的影响同样是依赖于年降水量的,降水偏少年径流系数的减小较显著,降水偏多年径流系数的减小不明显,甚至还可能增大。 相似文献
18.
黄河入海径流变化及影响因素 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
黄河入海径流是黄河水循环的重要分量,涉及整个流域,它的变化是流域气候与人类活动的综合体现。以黄河入海口利津水文站1963～2009年实测径流量年均值为基础,采用随机水文学方法,对入海径流动态变化进行了分析;结合流域内7个径流来源区的78个气象站同时段月均降水和气温数据及流域内取水量和水利工程等资料,探讨了不同径流来源区的气候因素和人类活动对入海径流量的影响。结果表明:近50年来入海实测径流量呈显着下降趋势,且存在1968年、1985年、1996年与2002年这四个突变点;入海天然径流量同样呈显着下降趋势,只有1985年一个突变点。唐乃亥以上区间的降水量、兰州至龙门区间的气温以及龙门至三门峡区间的降水和气温是引起入海天然径流量变化主要因素;气温因素的季节性变化对入海天然径流量也有影响,其中夏季降水与冬季气温是重要的因素。自20世纪70年代以来,人类活动对入海径流量的影响不断加强,且在耗水量、水土保持及水利工程等方面表现出明显的空间差异。取水量、降水、气温对黄河入海实测径流量变化的贡献率分别为42.2%、39.2%、18.6%. 相似文献
19.
潮河上游降水- 径流关系演变及 人类活动的影响分析 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15
以潮河密云水库上游流域为研究对象, 利用双累积曲线将1961~2005 年期间年降水- 径 流关系演变划分为三个阶段: 1961~1978, 1979~1993, 1994~2005。第二和第三阶段相对第一阶段 而言, 平均年径流有较大幅度的减少, 年径流对降水的响应程度在减弱。与此相对应, 进入1980 年代后, 流域内的人类活动强度在增加, 主要表现为小水库、塘坝等水利设施的大规模建成并投 入使用, 以及农垦和造林等土地利用活动导致耕地和林地面积的增加。人类活动使得流域总蒸发 和入渗增加, 从而改变水量平衡, 径流对降水的响应变得迟缓, 减少流域总径流; 不同降水年型降 水- 径流的关系表现出很大差异, 人类活动对枯水年份年径流的影响相对较大。 相似文献