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1.
The authors use a web crawler to retrieve all periodical articles from CNKI between the 1950s and 2016 and then parse the abstracts of 293368 articles about grassland deterioration by word segmentation, location matching and other methods. The authors also construct a research hot regions extraction model of grassland deterioration in China based on a comprehensive research hot regions index of toponyms and then analyze the spatial pattern and dynamic change in research hot regions of grassland deterioration in China. The research shows the following: (1) The spatial heterogeneity of grassland deterioration in China can be effectively described by a model of grassland deterioration based on the comprehensive research hot regions index. (2) The research hot regions of grassland deterioration are mainly distributed in most regions of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, Gansu and other provinces. The northeastern region of Inner Mongolia (such as Hulunbeier) and the eastern region of Inner Mongolia (such as Xilin Gol, Chifeng and Wulanchabu) are significant hot regions in the study of grassland deterioration. (3) The number of high research hot regions increases from 81 in the 1950s to 99 in the 2000s; the area increases from 1.038 million km2 to 1.146 million km2. The degree of hot for grassland deterioration research in 197 counties showed an upward trend. This paper also discusses the relationship between the region of research hot regions and the region of grassland deterioration and then indicates the differences between them in time matching, space matching and concept matching.  相似文献   

2.
The community forest program in Nepal is one of the successful conservation initiatives. Tree species in a forest ecosystem have a fundamental role in maintaining the vegetation structure, complexity, and heterogeneity. This study analyzes the composition and regeneration of tree species in five community forests (CFs) of the sub-tropical region, Lamjung district, Nepal for preparing baseline data for long-term research projects and helps the community to manage their CFs scientifically. Tree species data were generated by stratified random sampling using 35 quadrate plots (size: 20 m x 20 m). The density of adult trees in the forests ranged from 575 Ind ha -1 (Tilahar CF) to 1196 Ind/ha (Deurali Thadopakha CF). The sapling ranged from 2533 Ind ha -1 (Tilahar CF) to 4000 Ind ha -1 (Thuliban CF) and seedling from 19583 Ind ha -1 (Tilahar CF) to 37500 Ind ha -1 (Thuliban CF). Similarly, the adult tree basal area varied from 28.34 m 2 ha -1 (Tilahar CF) to 49 m 2ha -1 (Deurali CF). The adult tree diversity index (Shannon-Weiner’s H) also ranged from 1.08 (Thuliban CF) to 1.88 (Tilahar CF). The tree species such as Sapium insigne, Ficus benghalensis, Lagerstroemia parviflore, Albizia sp. and Pinus roxburghii were weak regeneration. In general, the forests have good regeneration status except for Tilahar Community Forest, but based on the DBH size class distribution diagram, there is no sustainable regeneration. Among the five community forests the DBH size of adults was significantly different, and the DBH of Deurali Thadopakha was the lowest. But only few species have good regeneration and most of the species have weak, poor to no regeneration. The dominancy of fewer species like Shorea robusta, Castanopsis indica, and Schima wallichii accordingly maintain the overall regeneration of tree of CFs, so further plantation needs to be done inside the CF by triage accordingly those species whose regeneration has poor.  相似文献   

3.
青海省属于全国四大牧区之一,及时监测草地植被长势、准确估算牧草产量对青海牧区可持续发展与生态保护具有重要意义。草地产草量遥感估算主要基于植被指数与地面实测数据的统计关系,但是估算涉及植被指数、统计模型和建模指标等因素,不同组合建立的估算模型的精度不同。本文基于青海省MODIS数据与地面实测产草量数据,选择了6种植被指数(NDVIEVIRVIDVIRDVIMSAVI)、5种统计模型(简单线性模型、二次多项式模型、幂函数模型、指数函数模型、对数函数模型)以及3种建模指标(植被指数年度最大值VImax、植被指数生长季累积值VIseason-cum、植被指数年度累积值VIannual-cum),研究不同组合下估算模型的精度差异,并从中选出最优产草量估算模型,用于估算青海省2015年和2016年的产草量。结果表明:(1)6种植被指数中,基于NDVI的产草量估算精度最高;非线性模型的估算精度高于线性模型,尤其是指数模型,适用于大多数草地类型产草量的估算;基于NDVI年度最大值的估算模型对大多数草地类型都具有最高的决定系数(R2)。(2)从干重来看,高产草量区(>1 200 kg·hm-2)主要位于青海东部的高寒草原,中等产草量区(600~1 200 kg·hm-2)位于青海南部和东部的高寒草原和禾草草原,低产草量区(<600 kg·hm-2)位于青海西部和北部的高寒草甸、高寒草原、高寒荒漠和盐生草甸。(3)与2015年相比,2016年青海省干草总产量减少31.60×104 t,减幅为1.36%。其中,禾草草原和高寒草甸的减产幅度最大,而荒漠草原和盐生草甸的产量则有所增加。本文可为草地产草量遥感估算的研究和实践提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
The Three-River Headwaters (TRH), which is the source area of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River, is vulnerable and sensitive, and its alpine ecosystem is considered an important barrier for China’s ecological security. Understanding the impact of climate changes is essential for determining suitable measures for ecological environmental protection and restoration against the background of global climatic changes. However, different explanations of the interannual trends in complex alpine ecosystems have been proposed due to limited availability of reliable data and the uncertainty of the model itself. In this study, the remote sensing-process coupled model (GLOPEM-CEVSA) was used to estimate the net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation in the TRH region from 2000 to 2012. The estimated NPP significantly and linearly correlated with the above-ground biomass sampled in the field (the multiple correlative coefficient R2 = 0.45, significant level P < 0.01) and showed better performance than the MODIS productivity product, i.e. MOD17A3, (R2 = 0.21). The climate of TRH became warmer and wetter during 1990-2012, and the years 2000 to 2012 were warmer and wetter than the years1990-2000. Responding to the warmer and wetter climate, the NPP had an increasing trend of 13.7 g m-2 (10 yr)-1 with a statistical confidence of 86% (P = 0.14). Among the three basins, the NPP of the Yellow River basin increased at the fastest rate of 17.44 g m-2 (10 yr)-1 (P = 0.158), followed by the Yangtze River basin, and the Lancang River, which was the slowest with a rate of 12.2 g m-2 (10 yr)-1 and a statistical confidence level of only 67%. A multivariate linear regression with temperature and precipitation as the independent variables and NPP as the dependent variable at the pixel level was used to analyze the impacts of climatic changes on the trend of NPP. Both temperature and precipitation can explain the interannual variability of 83% in grassland NPP in the whole region, and can explain high, medium and low coverage of 78%, 84% and 83%, respectively, for grassland in the whole region. The results indicate that climate changes play a dominant role in the interannual trend of vegetation productivity in the alpine ecosystems on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This has important implications for the formulation of ecological protection and restoration policies for vulnerable ecosystems against the background of global climate changes.  相似文献   

5.
刘丽慧  孙皓  李传华 《地理研究》2021,40(5):1253-1264
Biome-BGC模型被广泛用于估算植被净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity, NPP),但是该模型未考虑冻土区土壤冻融水循环过程对植被生长的影响。本文基于Biome-BGC模型,改进冻土区活动层土壤冻融水循环,估算了2000—2018年青藏高原高寒草地NPP。通过比较原模型和改进后的模型,并对NPP模拟结果的时空特征进行了分析,结果表明:① 增加冻融循环提高了NPP估算精度,青藏高原草地NPP均值由114.68 gC/(m2·a)提高到128.02 gC/(m2·a)。② 原模型和改进后NPP的空间分布差异较大,时间变化趋势差异不明显。③ 青藏高原草地NPP总量为253.83 TgC/a,呈东南向西北递减的空间格局,年均增速为0.21gC/(m2·a)(P=0.023),显著增加的占17.85%,主要分布在羌塘高寒草原地带的大部分地区和藏南山地灌木草原地带的西部。④ 该冻融水循环改进方法简单可靠,具有在其他多年冻土区推广的价值。  相似文献   

6.
With great significance in ecosystem protection and sustainable development, the study of ecosystem service consumption (ESC) has become a hot topic in ecological research. Based on FAOSTAT data, in this study the patterns, composition and evolution of ESC and ecosystem service consumption patterns (ESCP) in the “Belt and Road” were revealed on the total and regional scales, taking consumed-biomass as a main indicator. Three main conclusions were reached. 1) The total ESC was mainly contributed from farmland ecosystems along the “Belt and Road” , followed by grassland ecosystems. The ESC indicators on the whole system scale fluctuated, but increased from year 2000 to year 2016. The total ESC increased from 12911.89 Tg yr -1 to 16810.00 Tg yr -1, and the annual per capita consumption of ecosystem services increased from 3.3228 million g p -1 yr -1 to 3.6392 million g p -1 yr -1. 2) The ESC, composition and evolution varied significantly among countries, zones and ecosystems. The annual per capita ESC was highest in Mongolia on the national scale, and highest in Central and Eastern Europe and lowest in Southeast Asia on zone scale, which represented the results from the joint effects of regional resource endowments, consumption habits, levels of productive forces, and other factors. 3) Higher farmland ESC was the dominant ESCP, which accounted for about 76.7% of the total area along the “Belt and Road”, followed by higher farmland + higher grassland ESC, which accounted for about 19.0% of the total area. The other consumption patterns (i.e., those of higher grassland ESC, higher forestland ESC or higher farmland + higher forest + higher grassland ESC) were found in only a few countries. The ESCP may be related to higher regional population density or the higher proportions of developing countries. Therefore, to realize sustainable social, economic and ecological development, and to improve people's well-being, countries along the “Belt and Road” should take advantage of their own resources in developing industries, actively expand trade, achieve mutual benefits and win-win situations, and adjust and optimize consumption patterns of ecosystem services. This study can provide data support for further research on the mechanism of ESCP formation this area.  相似文献   

7.
通过对巴丹吉林查格勒布鲁剖面时代上属MIS3晚期的地层层位(CGS3a层段)中14种微量元素的分析发现:除Co、Ba含量呈相反变化外,P、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Zn、Pb、Y、Zr、Nb、Cu和As含量在风成沙丘砂中基本上表现为谷值,而在不同层位沙丘砂上覆的湖相中则相对为峰,构成与沉积旋回相应的元素变化旋回。元素在沙丘砂中呈现的谷值,主要揭示了干冷气候条件下东亚冬季风的侵蚀、搬运和堆积作用;在湖相中的相对富集,则与东亚夏季风盛行时暖湿气候背景下该地所处的特殊洼地地貌位置有关。元素旋回实际上代表的是东亚冬夏季风的气候变化旋回。分析结果显示:MIS3晚期剖面所在地至少经历了5次冬夏季风交替变化的气候旋回,反映了该时期我国沙漠地区的千年尺度气候变化。  相似文献   

8.
中国化肥利用率的区域分异   总被引:77,自引:2,他引:77  
据全国各县近10年的化肥施用量和粮食产量数据,并从不同年份单位播种面积粮食产量和肥料施用量的变化,求出相应不施肥产量和通过施肥可能达到的最高产量,并以上述结果为基础计算出该地区化肥利用率,研究结果表明:当前我国化肥施用的地区差异明显,施用量较集中范围是180-270kg/hm^2和90-180kg/hm^2,部分地区的化肥施用已经过量;单位化肥的粮食产出率主要集中在10-30kg/kg,化肥利用率大多集中在15%-35%,且与化肥施用量有关,按地区统计,高施肥量区化肥施用明显过量,平均达339kg/hm^2,是全国平均用量(262kg/hm^2)的1.29倍,中施肥量区单位面积化肥平均施用量为252kg/hm^2,略低于全国平均水平,低施肥量区则仅为178kg/hm^2,是全国平均的67.8%,我国单位化肥的生产效率及化肥利用率均以低施肥量区最高,分别为17.5kg/kg和39.8%,中施肥量区为13.7和36。  相似文献   

9.
Holdridge可能蒸散率(PER)和徐文铎湿润指数(HI)在内蒙古地区的应用结果表明:两种干湿气候类型划分差异主要体现在半干旱和亚(半)湿润区,其余气候类型地域分布比较一致。其年代变化的共同点是半干旱区+干旱区+极干旱区面积逐年增加,亚(半)湿润区+湿润区面积逐年减少。PER分类与降水量分布规律明显,而HI分类更多体现了温度和降水的综合影响。在考虑下垫面特征的情况下,徐文铎湿润指数更符合内蒙古地区干湿气候带划分。30 a温度与降水相关分析表明:温度呈显著增加趋势,而降水的下降趋势属正常气候波动。  相似文献   

10.
中国草畜平衡状态时空演变指示的草地生态保护格局   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
黄麟  翟俊  祝萍  郑瑜晗 《地理学报》2020,75(11):2396-2407
中国草原牧区作为重要生态安全屏障和草地畜牧业生产基地,其草畜平衡状态直接影响草地退化与恢复,进而影响草地生态系统服务能力的强弱。本文分析了2000—2015年主要草原牧区草地植被覆盖、牧草供给、草畜平衡状态的时空变化特征,深入探讨草地退化与恢复及载畜压力下草地生态系统保护与恢复空间格局。结果表明:过去16年主要草原牧区草地面积净减少约163万hm2,6.7%的草地出现植被覆盖退化,而5.4%的草地呈现植被覆盖明显恢复。天然草地牧草供给量以增加为主,年增率约0.3 kg/hm2,然而其载畜压力亦持续增加,不考虑补饲的载畜压力指数高达3.8,除内蒙古东北部、青藏高原中部仍有载畜潜力,其余多处于超载状态;考虑实际冷季补饲的载畜压力指数约3.1,内蒙古中东部有所缓解;假设冷季全额补饲则载畜压力指数减至1.9,内蒙古、青藏高原等区域明显缓解。叠加上述数据,本文针对自然保护地、牧区、半农半牧区和农区等不同区域的草地生态保护格局,提出了平衡草地生态保护与畜牧生产利用的不同发展策略。  相似文献   

11.
Spatial models are effective in obtaining local details on grassland biomass, and their accuracy has important practical significance for the stable management of grasses and livestock. To this end, the present study utilized measured quadrat data of grass yield across different regions in the main growing season of temperate grasslands in Ningxia of China (August 2020), combined with hydrometeorology, elevation, net primary productivity (NPP), and other auxiliary data over the same period. Accordingly, non-stationary characteristics of the spatial scale, and the effects of influencing factors on grass yield were analyzed using a mixed geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model. The results showed that the model was suitable for correlation analysis. The spatial scale of ratio resident-area index (PRI) was the largest, followed by the digital elevation model, NPP, distance from gully, distance from river, average July rainfall, and daily temperature range; whereas the spatial scales of night light, distance from roads, and relative humidity (RH) were the most limited. All influencing factors maintained positive and negative effects on grass yield, save for the strictly negative effect of RH. The regression results revealed a multiscale differential spatial response regularity of different influencing factors on grass yield. Regression parameters revealed that the results of Ordinary least squares (OLS) (Adjusted R2 = 0.642) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) (Adjusted R2 = 0.797) models were worse than those of MGWR (Adjusted R2 = 0.889) models. Based on the results of the RMSE and radius index, the simulation effect also was MGWR > GWR > OLS models. Ultimately, the MGWR model held the strongest prediction performance (R2 = 0.8306). Spatially, the grass yield was high in the south and west, and low in the north and east of the study area. The results of this study provide a new technical support for rapid and accurate estimation of grassland yield to dynamically adjust grazing decision in the semi-arid loess hilly region.  相似文献   

12.
科尔沁沙地典型区地下水、降水变化特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
地下水资源作为科尔沁沙地典型区的重要供水来源,研究地下水及其影响因素的变化特征对水资源合理开发利用、生态环境保护有重要的现实意义。以研究区周围左中、通辽和后旗3个典型气象站与7个地下水观测井数据为基础,应用灰色系统理论、线性回归、M-K突变检验、累积距平分析和小波周期分析等研究方法,对科尔沁沙地典型区1951-2015年降水量与地下水埋深进行研究,定性描述降水量变化与地下水埋深变化的响应关系。结果表明:(1)夏季气候倾向率为-18.6 mm·(10 a)-1和年降水量气候倾向率为-11.7 mm·(10 a)-1,都呈下降趋势,春、秋和冬三季降水量变化呈上升趋势,其气候倾向率分别为1.45 mm·(10 a)-1、1.79 mm·(10 a)-1和0.67 mm·(10 a)-1。(2)近65 a来,研究区年降水存在2~5 a、7~12 a和18~31 a三个明显特征时间尺度的周期,对应小波方差图存在26 a和10 a两个周期峰值;四季降水量同样存在不同时间尺度的周期。(3)四季和年地下水埋深先呈线性再呈波动式变化,上升趋势显著,增幅分别为0.48 m·(10 a)-1、0.50 m·(10 a)-1、0.51 m·(10 a)-1、0.48 m·(10 a)-1和0.49 m·(10 a)-1。(4)地下水埋深时间序列基准期和变异期的分界点为1994年。(5)1994年前,地下水埋深与滞后4 a降水量相关系数为-0.514;1994年后,地下水埋深与滞后8 a降水量相关系数为-0.527。  相似文献   

13.
中国食物供给能力分析   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
王情  岳天祥  卢毅敏  杜正平  辛晓平 《地理学报》2010,65(10):1229-1240
从中国各类型生态系统(农田、草地、水域) 的实际的食物生产能力出发,结合进出口产品中的食物部分,得出全国实际的食物供给能力,根据食物营养成分表中的转化率,将各类食物折算成人类生存所需的3 大营养成分(热量、蛋白质、脂肪) 的产量来表示,并利用ArcGIS 进行草地和农田食物供给的空间分析。以2004 年为例,中国实际食物供给能力为:热量1.601×1015 kcal,蛋白质6.163×107 t,脂肪2.717×107 t。其中,中国内陆生态系统实际可供给热量1.454×1015 kcal,蛋白质4.996×107 t,脂肪2.074×107 t,分别达到了陆地生态系统生产潜力的32.46%、38.33 %和41.12%,内陆生态系统食物供给还有较大的增长余地。在小康水平下,中国的食物热量、蛋白质、脂肪分别可以供养人口19.12 亿,20.84 亿和11.03 亿人,按照2010 年营养目标和2020 年全面小康目标,热量和蛋白质的供给已经较为充足,而脂肪的供给有所不足,今后需要注重油脂作物的种植和生产。结果还表明:中国的食物供给能力中,农田占据了绝大部分,不过比例有下降的趋势,从1998 年的84.66%,下降到2004 年的74.72%;草地和水域生态系统所提供的食物所占比例分别为4.83%~5.80%、6.02%~7.51%,波动较小;净进口食物所占比例逐年增长,1998 年仅为4.04%,2004 年增加到13.82%。通过平衡模型计算,在温饱、小康、富裕水平下,2004 年中国可以供养的人口分别为:15.34 亿,15.00 亿和14.11 亿,这表明,如果能够优化种植结构,合理配置植物性食物向动物性食物转化比例,均衡营养消费结构,中国实际食物供给较为充足。  相似文献   

14.
近54a蒙古高原降水变化趋势及区域分异特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
近半个世纪,有关全球气候的话题一直是科学界争论的焦点,拥有世界最大温带草原的蒙古高原降水变化是属于全球变化问题,又是其脆弱环境变化的最主要驱动因子之一。通过利用蒙古高原1961—2014年136个气象站点的月降水量数据,采用Sen’ s斜率法、Mann-Kendall趋势检验法和空间地统计方法,研究了该地区近54 a降水要素基本气候特征及其时空变化规律。结果表明:(1)近54 a蒙古高原年降水量呈减少趋势,趋势为-2.30 mm·(10 a)-1(P>0.05),整体上年降水量东南及西北显著减少,东北及中南明显增加(2)夏季和秋季降水量呈减少趋势,趋势分别为-5.75 mm·(10 a)-1和-0.42 mm·(10 a)-1(P>0.05);春季和冬季降水量呈显著增加趋势,趋势分别为1.95 mm·(10 a)-1和0.50 mm·(10 a)-1(P<0.05);季节降水量出现正负距平的年份和周期有所不同。(3)春季和冬季降水量呈增加趋势的站点居多,占全部站点的89.0%和84.6%,主要分布于高原东北部和中南部地区;夏季和秋季降水量呈减少趋势的站点居多,占全部站点的80.1%和57.4%,主要分布于高原东南部和西北部地区。为准确评估蒙古高原气候变化以及合理提出生态环境决策提供科学参考。  相似文献   

15.
可持续性可通过区域生态足迹水平进行衡量。采用净初级生产力构建了内蒙古各盟(市)草地资源的均衡因子和产量因子。以每5 a为一期,测算了内蒙古草地1990—2020年的生态足迹,并结合人口分布数据刻画了生态足迹的空间分布状况;在此基础上应用土地可持续模型评价了内蒙古草地资源的可持续性。结果表明:(1) 内蒙古各盟(市)草地的产量因子差异较大,整体呈东高西低的特点。(2) 生态承载力在空间上也呈东高西低特点,30 a人均生态承载力整体呈小幅度下降趋势。(3) 人均生态足迹逐期上升,2000—2005年由生态盈余转变为生态赤字。生态足迹较高的区域集中在通辽市、锡林浩特市、二连浩特市、乌兰察布市南部和鄂尔多斯市东部地区。(4) 内蒙古草地资源可持续性逐期下降,由1990年的中度可持续性退化为2020年的弱不可持续性。可持续性退化严重的区域集中在呼和浩特市、包头市和乌海市。研究结果旨在为内蒙古草地资源的可持续利用提供可靠的理论基础。  相似文献   

16.
中国半干旱区农田土壤碳、氮、磷含量对玉米生产的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
中国干旱半干旱区占据陆地大片区域,主体位于内蒙古高原、黄土高原、新疆及青藏高原。半干旱区处于季风和非季风的边缘,降水稀少,生态环境脆弱,对气候变化敏感。探究半干旱区农田生态系统有机碳对作物生产和碳储存的影响机制及固碳潜力,对提高区域作物生产水平和生态安全具有重要意义。本研究区位于中国宁夏南部典型半干旱区,基于2017—2019年主要粮食作物玉米生产对土壤有机碳以及氮磷的响应,运用农田生态系统调查取样的方法,开展耕层土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(STN)、全磷(STP)及碳氮比(C/N)对玉米生产水平及有机碳储存的影响研究,分析农田SOC的合理贮存范围。结果表明:(1)SOC、STN、STP含量对玉米产量影响差异显著。一定阈值内SOC、STN、STP含量及土壤C/N对玉米产量表现出积极的正效应,而当SOC、STN、STP以及C/N分别超出10.00 g·kg-1、1.00 g·kg-1、0.85 g·kg-1、8.50的阈值后,玉米产量的增长出现减缓,甚至下降趋势;(2)研究区域SOC含量从3.00 g·kg-1增加至13.00 g·kg-1的阈值,对籽粒有机碳、蛋白质、淀粉、粗脂肪、可溶性糖等含量的提升呈现积极的正效应,分别增长43.47%、77.13%、52.16%、56.92%、116.71%,均呈先快速增长,后逐渐趋于平缓趋势。而SOC对籽粒全氮和全磷呈现倒U型变化趋势。STN、STP对玉米品质的影响相对较弱;(3)研究区作物耕层SOC、STN、STP含量与生态系统固碳潜力具有较强的正相关性,而SOC、STN、STP含量过高,作物固碳潜力基本保持稳定。研究结果较好反映了研究时间段内SOC、STN、STP含量与作物生产水平及提高SOC储存的关系。本研究认为宁夏南部半干旱区,农田SOC、STN、STP、C/N的合理阈值分别为10.00—12.00 g·kg-1、0.80—1.10 g·kg-1、0.70—0.85 g·kg-1、8.00—9.00。  相似文献   

17.
1980s-2010s内蒙古草地表层土壤有机碳储量及其变化   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
戴尔阜  翟瑞雪  葛全胜  吴秀芹 《地理学报》2014,69(11):1651-1660
以我国内蒙古草原为研究区域,结合1982-1988年第二次土壤普查资料以及2011-2012年实地考察数据,构建了基于遥感数据和土壤数据的区域表层土壤有机碳储量估算方法,对研究区1980s和2010s表层土壤有机碳储量、空间分布特征及其变化进行研究,结果表明:(1) 1980s、2010s内蒙古草地表层土壤 (0~20 cm) 有机碳储量分别为2.05 Pg C、2.17 Pg C,土壤有机碳密度约为3.48 kg C·m-2、3.69 kg C·m-2,其空间分布上呈现从草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原逐渐降低的特征;(2) 1982-2012年间,内蒙古草地表层土壤有机碳储量略有增加,但增加幅度较小,其中草甸草原和典型草原表层土壤有机碳储量增加,荒漠草原则表现为减少。研究结果将为研究区因地制宜地采取固碳措施,实现草地可持续管理提供科学参考。  相似文献   

18.
目前基于三维生态足迹的中国省际自然资本利用研究,仅从生产视角测度评价了区域自然资本存量、流量利用的空间格局。本文以消费视角对2006-2015年中国30个省(市、自治区)及不同地类足迹深度、足迹广度进行动态评估,进而通过存量流量利用比和资本流量占用率刻画了中国自然资本利用可持续性现状,并利用全局和局部回归模型量化其驱动因素及因素效应的空间差异性。结果显示:①中国足迹深度从3.04升至4.17又降至4.06,存量资本消耗有减弱趋势;足迹深度大致表现为:东部>中部>西部,其中上海最高达30.69,青海最低为1.70;②中国足迹广度在0.36~0.39 ghm2/人之间波动;足迹广度总体表现为:西部>中部>东部,其中最大值为新疆0.81 ghm2/人,最小值为上海0.09 ghm2/人;③从组分构成看,化石能源用地和草地是存量资本消耗的主要方式,耕地和建设用地是流量资本占用的主要方式;④中国自然资本利用可持续性呈现变好趋势,省际呈东弱西强的格局;通过回归分析发现,生态足迹强度、城市化率、生态承载力是导致自然资本利用可持续性空间差异的显著因素,且这些因素的效应特征表现出不同的空间模式。生产视角和消费视角的测算结果相结合,可提供全面丰富的生态足迹信息,为相关实际应用提供一定的借鉴。  相似文献   

19.
鄂尔多斯高原近40a气候变化研究   总被引:26,自引:4,他引:22  
鄂尔多斯高原特殊的地理位置对全球气候变化更为敏感,利用1961-2000年地面气温和降水记录,通过计算气候趋势系数和气候倾向率描述鄂尔多斯高原气候空间变化特征。结果表明,40 a来本区气温有明显上升趋势,平均气温以0.43℃·(10a)-1幅度升高。全年各月气温都在上升,但冬季升温最剧烈,达0.82℃·(10a)-1,其中12月可达1℃·(10a)-1,为全年之首。夏季最弱,仅0.31℃·(10a)-1。本区增温幅度比较剧烈,大于内蒙古全区平均水平。冬、夏增温差异导致气温年较差减小。20世纪60年代年平均气温是下降的,从70年代开始上升,90年代上升最剧烈。冬季温度变化与年均温一致,但夏季不同,90年代以前夏季温度是降低的,到90年代夏季温度上升趋势十分明显。温度升高的程度存在区域差异,西北部最强,东南部最弱。降水的趋势变化不很明显,年降水量略有减少,秋季降水量减少比其他季节明显。降水变化也有区域差异,南部比北部降水量减少明显,毛乌素沙漠及以南降水倾向率为-18.3 mm·(10a)-1,而北部接近于零。气候变暖会使蒸发量增大,从而导致干旱,气温持续增高再加上降水量减少则形成干旱化,对生态环境和地方经济会产生重大影响。  相似文献   

20.
2000-2012年中国北方草地NDVI和气候因子时空变化   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
利用2000-2012年的MODIS NDVI数据,结合中国北方187个气象基准站年均温度和年降水量资料,对2000-2012年中国北方草地NDVI的时空变化特征和同期年均温度、降水量动态变化进行了分析。结果表明:(1)草地NDVI无明显变化的区域占北方草地总面积的64.35%,以荒漠草地为主;草地退化区域的面积(占北方草地总面积的23.97%)大于改善区域的面积(占北方草地11.68%)。(2)NDVI变异系数分析结果表明,2000-2012年以来中国北方草地68.37%区域呈稳定状态。其中,荒漠草地植被变异性较小,处于相对稳定状态的草地占其总面积的79.73%;而灌丛草地和典型草地的变异性较大,变化显著的草地分别占其草地面积的41.55%和45.92%。(3)北方草地区中,54.04%的区域年均温度呈升高趋势,大于温度呈降低趋势的区域,温度升高幅度最大为0.159 ℃·a-1;年降水量呈增加趋势的面积达71.01%,远大于呈减少趋势的面积,降水量增加的最大幅度为23.29 mm·a-1。  相似文献   

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