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1.
自改革开放以来,中国博物馆发展的制度环境呈现根本变化,探究博物馆发展状况及其与制度环境的关系对于指导博物馆发展、丰富博物馆研究的理论内涵具有重要意义。以成都市为例,采用参与式观察、半结构访谈和文本分析等质性方法,对成都市博物馆发展的过程、特征及空间效应进行系统研究,研究发现：① 成都市博物馆主要经历了国有化发展、非国有化发展和产业化发展三个阶段,在数量与类型、规模与等级、功能与产业、迁移与集聚等方面呈现出显著变化。② 制度变迁通过改变参与主体及其认知、行为进而作用于博物馆发展,当前参与博物馆发展的主体日渐增多,且其目的、行为与计划经济时期相比转变较大。③ 成都市国有博物馆发展的空间效应与民办博物馆发展的空间效应差异较大,前者主要是单个国有博物馆对其周边区域的产业类型、用地性质的影响,后者主要为多个民办博物馆通过集聚对整个集聚区的产业与功能结构的影响。 相似文献
2.
Rebecca H. Bilous 《The Australian geographer》2011,42(4):371-386
For over two centuries people from Makassar on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi came to northern Australia with the onset of the northeast monsoon winds. They came in search of trepang that, with the help of Indigenous Australians, they collected and traded on to China. Their impact on the Indigenous communities in Arnhem Land was considerable. Along with sharing language, technology and culture, they built relationships, many ongoing, that are celebrated in Yolngu art, song and stories. These stories of contact are well known to many archaeologists and anthropologists but for many Australians the only place where they come into contact with these stories is in a museum display. In this paper I examine the ways in which these stories are disseminated by two national museums, the Australian National Maritime Museum in Sydney and the National Museum of Australia in Canberra. As important ‘lieux de mémoire’ or ‘sites of memory’, they tell of Macassan visits to northern Australia as part of Australian history. In both cases not only are the stories situated in the past but both Macassan and Indigenous Australian voices are largely absent. 相似文献
3.
利用最邻近指数、核密度、ESDA、网格维数等方法，并基于1978—1985、1986—1997、1998—2016年不同时间阶段，以上海市博物馆为研究对象，探讨其时空演变特征及影响因素。结果发现：1）博物馆可分为探索起步、稳步发展和高速发展3个阶段，内部类型差异显著、多元变化趋势明显；2）博物馆主要分布于中心城区及黄浦江沿岸，空间上不断集聚并呈现典型的“核心—边缘”特征，全局分布具有空间自相关特性、冷热点变动显著；3）中心城区博物馆在分布上表现为分形结构较为复杂的放射状演变趋势，博物馆类型逐渐丰富和多元，不同阶段博物馆类型各有偏重；4）博物馆的时空特征演变是历史文化资源、政府政策导向、区域经济水平、区域人口分异和交通通达条件等多种因素综合作用的结果。 相似文献
4.
哈大高铁对东北城市旅游供需市场的空间效应研究——基于景点可达性的分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文基于GIS技术,以景点可达性为切入点,从市场供需的视角,依据市场供需的影响因素将潜力模型进行分解,得到旅游市场的供给和需求潜力模型。研究发现：①哈大高铁使东北各地到区域内各旅游景点平均时间压缩2.5 h左右,填补了东北一日游市场区的空白,拓展了两日游市场区的范围,形成以高铁为轴,以中心城市为核心,以一日游、两日游及七日游为主要形式,向高铁两侧和中心城市周边依次扩散的圈层+轴带状区域旅游空间形态。②东北城市旅游供需潜力变化均呈现随到高铁距离增加而衰减的现象,促使供需市场向高铁沿线集聚,带动了高铁旅游经济带的形成,并导致东北旅游空间集散特征更加明显。③高铁对短期游(一日游、两日游)供需市场的带动明显好于七日游市场。④基于旅游可达性,以城市为基本单元,根据核心—边缘理论,结合旅游供需潜力发展状况,将东北城市旅游市场区划分为核心区、外围区、过渡区、边缘区4类。本文认为,应以高铁等快速交通方式和旅游枢纽城市为依托,进一步完善旅游景点的交通网络,促进区域旅游供需空间网络的优化与对接。 相似文献
5.
Jukka M. Krisp Andreas Keler 《International journal of geographical information science》2015,29(11):1988-2000
Personalized navigation and way-finding are prominent research areas of location-based service (LBSs). This includes innovative concepts for car navigation. Within this paper, we investigate the idea of providing drivers a routing suggestion which avoids ‘complicated crossings’ in urban areas. Inexperienced drivers include persons who have a driver’s license but, for whatever reason, feel uncomfortable to drive in a city environment. Situations where the inexperienced driver has to depend on a navigation device and reach a destination in an unfamiliar territory may be difficult. Preferences of inexperienced drivers are investigated. ‘Fears’ include driving into ‘complicated crossings’. Therefore, the definition and spatial characteristics of ‘complicated crossings’ are investigated. We use OpenStreetMap as a road dataset for the routing network. Based on the topological characteristics of the dataset, measured by the number of nodes, we identify crossings that are ‘complicated’. The user can choose to compute an alternative route that avoids these complicated crossings. This methodology is one step in building a full ‘inexperienced drivers’ routing system, which includes additional preferences from the user group, for example, as avoiding left turns where no traffic light is present. 相似文献
6.
Stephen H. Lekson 《Natural Resources Research》1997,6(2):99-109
Private and public antiquities collections present disturbing parallels. What differentiates the art market and the museum? Modes of acquisition, at least in part; and the curatorial mandate to preserve, study, and display collections, however imperfectly applied. But there remain areas of troublesome confusion, illustrated by the historical relationship of museums and collectors in Santa Fe, New Mexico 相似文献
7.
Guided educational tours are a major activity within informal education. This article examines the potential for tour guides of a largely historical tour of St. Helena Island, Michigan, to include physical geography within the tour. Using field data and interview methods, the researchers identified the physical features of the island that could be included based on evidence provided by the tour guides. 相似文献
8.
西藏作为大尺度景观区域,旅游资源分布、景观格局、交通线路等具有遍在性和分散化特征,加之地形、海拔、气候等自然条件差异性和多变性,使入藏旅游流特征与其他类型地区截然不同,团队游、自助游的细分差异尤为显著。论文采集热门旅游网站入藏团队游和自助游线路数据,结合社会网络分析探讨入藏旅游流的网络结构特征与组织模式,为西藏区域旅游优化组织提供理论借鉴。研究发现：入藏旅游流总体集聚、层级分化,节点联系总体不紧密,核心—边缘结构明显,其中团队游对枢纽节点和交通的依赖性较强,自助游覆盖地域较大、分布相对均衡;团队游和自助游旅行模式分别呈现为“环游式”和“周游式”,网络紧凑板块的“跨行政区”现象突出,受控于交通干线的程度较深;入藏团队游和自助游旅游流之间的差异反映了地形、海拔、交通、旅游资源分布以及消费能力等多方面的交叉影响,是不同旅游动机下个体和群体面向多因素综合作用的空间决策结果,进而影响西藏旅游交通布局、旅游产品组合、区域旅游协作等。研究结果对于认知入藏团队游和自助游游客的流动模式和移动规律具有参考意义,可以为西藏旅游线路优化设计、旅游地协同规划提供指引。 相似文献
9.
Route selection is a complex issue in simulating the pedestrian’s walking behaviour during the evacuation. In many current studies, the agent-based model has been widely used to simulate the individualized behaviour, and growing concern is given to the cognitive aspects in route selection. However, the influence of incomplete spatial knowledge and the preferences for different routing strategies has not been fully considered. To represent more reliable route choice by different pedestrians, this study presents an individual cognitive evacuation behaviour model which is mainly focusing on the individual differences in routing strategy and spatial knowledge. The model consists of two major components, namely the multiple routing strategies and personalized spatial cognitive road network. Based on a review of the previous studies, the potential factors that may affect the evacuation behaviour were discussed. The quantitative relationships between these potential factors and the pedestrian’s routing preference, as well as the possibilities of recognizing different roads, were explored using the regression method. As a case study, the proposed model was implemented using the data collected from a field survey of a real outdoor event. When applied in an agent-based simulation, the implemented model will support more reliable simulation of route choices corresponding to the pedestrians’ behaviour in the real event. 相似文献
10.
Domen Smole Marjan Čeh Tomaž Podobnikar 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(11):1809-1827
In this article we analyze a well-known and extensively researched problem: how to find all datasets, on the one hand, and on the other hand only those that are of value to the user when dealing with a specific spatially oriented task. In analogy with existing approaches to a similar problem from other fields of human endeavor, we call this software solution ‘a spatial data recommendation service.’ In its final version, this service should be capable of matching requests created in the user's mind with the content of the existing datasets, while taking into account the user's preferences obtained from the user's previous use of the service. As a result, the service should recommend a list of datasets best suited to the user's needs. In this regard, we consider metadata, particularly natural language definitions of spatial entities, a crucial piece of the solution. To be able to use this information in the process of matching the user's request with the dataset content, this information must be semantically preprocessed. To automate this task we have applied a machine learning approach. With inductive logic programming (ILP) our system learns rules that identify and extract values for the five most frequent relations/properties found in Slovene natural language definitions of spatial entities. The initially established quality criterion for identifying and extracting information was met in three out of five examples. Therefore we conclude that ILP offers a promising approach to developing an information extraction component of a spatial data recommendation service. 相似文献
11.
我国城郊旅游开发的驱动力分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
中国经济的大发展直接推动着旅游经济和城郊旅游的发展。城郊旅游开发引起政府、投资者和开发商的重视，受到研究界的注意。但并不是所有的城郊区域都可以进行旅游开发，它是在一定的驱动力作用下，多种因子综合反映的结果；是在一定的社会经济背景下，旅游主体、旅游开发者和旅游介体在城区与城市郊区之间的一种推拉选择过程，在这个过程中又是通过具体的驱动力因子来影响城郊旅游开发的选址和特色定位的。 相似文献
12.
Haosheng Huang Silvia Klettner Manuela Schmidt Georg Gartner Sven Leitinger Andreas Wagner 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(12):2456-2473
Humans perceive and evaluate environments affectively. Some places are experienced as unsafe, while some others as attractive and interesting. These affective responses to environments influence people’s daily behavior and decision-making in space, e.g., choosing which route to take, or which place to visit. In this article, we report on a methodology of using people’s affective responses to environments for enhancing computer-based route planning. More specifically, we explore a crowdsourcing approach to model and collect people’s affective responses to environments; an Affect-Space-Model and a mobile application are developed to facilitate this crowdsourcing approach; a routing algorithm (named AffectRoute) is then proposed to aggregate and integrate the collected data for automatic route planning. Evaluation with human participants shows that the routes generated by considering people’s affective responses to environments are significantly preferred over the conventional shortest ones, which are employed in car navigation systems and many online route planners. In conclusion, considering people’s affective responses to environments contributes to the improvement of automatic route planning. The proposed method can be integrated into existing route-planning services (e.g., location-based services) to provide users with more satisfying routing results. 相似文献
13.
在第二次青藏科考过程中,作者在西藏自治区拉萨市邱桑村的古泉华沉积上新发现了由5个手印和5个脚印组成 “岩面艺术” （parietal art）。对这一“岩面艺术”进行解剖学测量、3D 模型模拟、铀系测年和手脚印形态分析后,得到以下认识：① “岩面艺术”是在泉华没有成岩之前由古人类有意压上去的;② “岩面艺术”所在岩层的U/Th年代为226~169 ka B.P.,这其中包含一个手指印岩层的表面直接年龄（207~188 ka B.P.）;③ 这一发现是迄今为止发表的古人类在青藏高原上活动的最早记录之一,也为古人类适应高寒、低氧环境提供了新的证据;④ 此岩面艺术是目前世界上已知的最古老的艺术,上面的手印也是古人类留下的最早的手印;⑤ 这一原始的岩面艺术表明,创作它的古老人种可能具有一定的认知和空间感知能力,此岩面艺术的发现也将有可能改写人类艺术史,并且加深我们对已消失的古人类认知水平的认识。 相似文献
14.
选取1990—2018年博物馆名录,运用核密度分析、标准差椭圆、空间自相关和地理探测器模型,对1990—2018年中国博物馆时空分异特征及影响因素进行分析。结果表明：1）1990—2018年博物馆数量呈整体加速发展态势,东西差异明显,东部地区博物馆数量密集,且发展速度较快,中西部地区数量稀疏,且发展较为缓慢。2）中国博物馆空间上不断集聚,并呈现出“单核”向“多核”模式演化的分布格局。3）中国博物馆重心居于东部,重心移动轨迹呈“Z”形移动。4）中国博物馆存在显著的空间集聚过程,形成“东热西冷”格局,长江中下游地区是中国博物馆的热点地区,新疆和西藏始终处于冷点区域。5）博物馆的空间分异是多因素综合作用的结果,主要受经济、社会、政策和文化教育的影响。其中,政策和文化教育因素是博物馆空间分异的主要影响因素,社会因素次之,经济因素是一般因素。 相似文献
15.
New Zealand tramping huts are a rudimentary but valued form of recreational accommodation. While huts fundamentally offer shelter, their aesthetics and history can also be valued. We review the origins of the huts system and draw on entries in visitor books to demonstrate divergent views regarding newer and more traditional huts. We conclude that while ‘new‐generation’ huts facilitate a broader spectrum of users, ‘heritage’ huts may need partnerships with user groups and corporate sponsorship to ensure their survival. 相似文献
16.
This article examines contemporary Japanese overseas tourism from a supplier‐side perspective using the concept of production systems. We first outline characteristics of the evolving structure of Japanese overseas tourism, with an emphasis on the global spread of Japanese travel companies. This provides a frame for presenting an empirical account of the transactional relationships in the Japanese package tour production system in Whistler, British Columbia, where Japanese tour operators play a pivotal role. We conclude that the recent expansion of Japanese travel companies is fostering the functional integration of the global tourism production system and exhibits increasing reflexivity. 相似文献
17.
博物馆解说牌示文本创作研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据认知学和教育心理学的有关原理,采用实地考察和对比研究的方法,分析了我国博物馆解说领域存在的问题以及与国外先进水平的差距,有代表性地选取中美两国有关动物解说牌的案例进行对比研究,分析解说效果,找出差距,同时创作一个动物解说牌的案例。根据国外相关研究成果,归纳出解说文本创作四原则——文字内容简要,使用易懂词汇,运用"提尔顿定律"和选择搭配文字的图片;指出我国解说牌文本目前存在的典型问题,提出一系列改进我国解说牌文本创作的建议,以期对我国博物馆或其它旅游点解说牌的文本创作有启发作用。 相似文献
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19.
“遗产化”是一个动态复杂的社会过程。基于在海南省琼海、文昌两市的田野调查,采用“自上而下”和“自下而上”相融合的研究路径,分析手抄南海航行路线指南《更路簿》“遗产化”路径和影响机制,以及交织在其中的复杂社会关系和地方影响因素。研究表明：“他者”和海南渔民在《更路簿》“遗产化”过程中会产生相互作用,其作用力量强于“我者”;《更路簿》由渔民家庭内部相传的用于出海作业的“秘本”转为公共领域的具有主权物证价值的“文化遗产”,渔民被赋予了南海“发现者” “经营者”的身份标签;文物收集和文化活动推进了“遗产化”并使不同群体产生互动,“我者”可在“他者”开展的遗产工作中干预“他者”的遗产认知和行为方式;《更路簿》可转化为旅游资源,但尚未形成强有力的“卖点”带动旅游业,居民在利用其带来的经济机会方面处于弱势;“遗产化”有助于《更路簿》记忆的复现和保存,但渔民的“个体记忆”被削弱,也使地方文化结构被重构;《更路簿》在琼海的植根性和“遗产化”效果强于文昌。 相似文献
20.
Mental Maps and Fuzziness in Space Preferences* 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mental maps are widely used to represent aggregate residential preferences in a population. This study examines the contention by researchers that the dominant viewpoint in a group in terms of residential desirability is not affected by the fuzziness in individual space preferences. Results indicate that a significant misrepresentation of group preferences can result when fuzziness of individual preferences is overlooked. The use of ordinal scales to generate mental maps is likely to distort the actual pattern of residential preferences that dominates in the group because of the failure of the ranking approach to account for imprecision and ambiguity in individual preferences. Because interval scales used in rating or evaluating tasks do not force individuals to give a crisp judgement of places, they are more adequate than ordinal scales for mental mapping and for behavioral analysis. 相似文献