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资源开发与环境保护是关系国家乃至全球发展的大事。长期以来,矿产资源开发给社会带来巨大财富的同时,也对人类的生存环境造成相当严重的损害,滑坡、地面塌陷、水土流失等地质灾害频繁发生。如何有效遏制矿山地质环境恶化,保护生态环 相似文献
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内蒙古牧区能矿资源富集, 生态环境敏感脆弱。国家“能源安全”战略要求大规模开发利用煤炭资源的地域分工与国家“生态安全”战略要求保护生态环境保护之间存在尖锐的矛盾。解决好这一矛盾, 对我国西部生态敏感区的矿产资源合理开发利用和生态环境保护具有重要意义。对生态敏感的煤炭富集区应基于区域发展的空间均衡这一视角, 选择合理的开发模式。其分析思路为:首先, 选择典型煤炭资源开发区域, 对开发空间与生态空间的空间耦合关系进行分析, 通过比较空间耦合类型, 揭示空间失衡点, 并分析空间失衡原因。其次, 构建指标体系, 构造矩阵, 对区域空间供给能力进行分区。最后, 综合空间失衡原因、空间供给能力分区以及资源开发与生态保护的需求因素, 提出区域发展的空间均衡模式与对策。 相似文献
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我国地大物博,丰富的矿产资源是保障经济平稳快速发展的先决条件。虽然近年来可持续发展的呼声不断高涨,然而矿产资源在开发和利用过程中对环境的破坏依然在所难免。矿山资源的开发与利用可以为国家带来很大的经济效益和社会效益,但这其中也伴随着过度开发、地质灾害频发以及不利于环境保护等问题。本文简析了矿山地质探矿工程中的安全问题,并结合具体案例指出了具有可行性的解决措施。 相似文献
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山东省经济、资源与环境协调发展评价分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
环境与经济协调发展日趋受到重视,环境与经济协调发展度是一个定量表示社会经济发展和环境保护之间关系的指标,强调经济建设和环境保护的共同发展、整体提高.本文构建了山东省经济、资源、环境协调发展评价指标体系,采用因子载荷分析法对各指标的权重进行分配和具体求算,对山东省经济、资源、环境协调发展进行评价.结果表明威海等较发达的地区,经济、资源、环境的协调发展明显好于菏泽等相对落后地区. 相似文献
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闽西山区旅游开发与脆弱生态环境耦合发展机制研究之展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赵明 《云南地理环境研究》2009,21(5):83-87
深入研究闽西山区旅游开发与脆弱生态环境耦合发展机制,即通过建立山区生态脆弱性评价指标体系、研究脆弱生态环境与旅游开发耦合发展、构建闽西生态脆弱区旅游资源开发模式及建立旅游发展预警系统等措施来实现闽西山区旅游开发与脆弱生态环境保护的良性耦合。学术贡献主要体现在：理论层面上可以建立一种适用于山区型生态脆弱区生态环境与旅游开发协调发展的分析框架,在应用层面上实现旅游资源适度开发与生态环境有效保护,促进山区型生态脆弱区生态资源可持续发展。为实现研究目标,本研究从人地关系角度出发提出自上而下、自下而上相结合的技术路线。 相似文献
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以可持续发展理论为指导,尝试构建中国农业可持续发展综合评价指标体系,围绕人口、经济、资源生态、社会公平4个维度选取了28个指标,经AHP方法给指标赋权,运用综合指数模型对1990-2006年中国农业可持续发展水平和各维度间的协调度进行定量分析．研究结果表明：中国农业可持续发展水平综合得分逐年增高,人口、经济、资源生态、社会公平4个维度间协调度得分稳步上升．资源生态、经济、人口子系统可持续发展态势良好,社会公平性较差．据此,本研究认为,实现中国农业可持续发展一定要牢固树立农业可持续发展的科学发展观;高度重视人口、经济、资源生态和社会公平的协调发展;迅速提升农业劳动力素质;大力发展环境保护型农业． 相似文献
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9月11日,国家环保总局印发《关于开展生态补偿试点工作的指导意见》,提出将在自然保护区、重要生态功能区、矿产资源开发、流域水环境保护四个领域开展生态补偿试点。 相似文献
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Eco-compensation, known as payment for ecosystem services, is defined in China as an institutional arrangement for regulating the relationship of economic interests among ecological protectors, beneficiaries and destructors in order to protect ecological service function and foster harmony between people and nature with non-market and market tools including transfer payment, taxes and fees. Reasonable compensation to ecological service providers significantly contributes to the protection of ecological assets and effective supply of ecological services by adopting transfer payments or market transactions on the basis of comprehensively considering the costs of ecological protection, costs of development opportunity and ecological service values. It is helpful for implementing a strategy for main functional areas. The building of eco-compensation mechanisms is therefore highly valued as the most important institutional guarantee for promoting the ecological civilization. Existing eco-compensation mechanisms mainly fall into three categories: exchequer based transfer payment, vertical and horizontal, and market based compensation in China. The institutional framework has been primarily established, inclusive of a forest ecological benefit compensation fund system, grassland eco-compensation system and transfer payment system of national key ecological function areas. Under the framework, various areas and departments have actively explored the building of an eco-compensation system and achieved important progress for forests, grassland, wetlands, river basins and water resources, exploitation of mineral resources, oceans and national key ecological functions areas. However, the eco-compensation system dominated by vertical transfer payments is still far from perfect in China. The interest regulation pattern of “developer to protect and beneficiary to compensate” has not been formed. Its role in the protection of the ecological environment has not been brought into full play. China should improve eco-compensation systems by intensifying eco-compensation inputs, strengthening government responsibility, diversifying eco-compensation tools, and establishing institutional systems. 相似文献
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选取《中国学术文献网络出版总库》文献,从文献作者、研究领域、支撑平台、研究方法、研究区域、研究层次6 个方面,对1987-2012 年国内生态补偿研究进行评析。在文献作者方面,国内生态补偿研究尚未形成强大的核心作者群;从年度文献数量看,可将研究领域划分为4 种类型,即急剧上升型、平缓上升型、平缓稳定型和下降型;从研究区域看,国内生态补偿研究以省域层面的研究成果较多,涉及到30 多个地域类型区;在研究方法上,早期研究生态补偿大多为定性描述,目前过渡到定性与定量研究相结合;在研究层次方面,最初生态补偿研究大多为自然科学类基础与应用基础研究,后转向技术指导与政策决策支撑方面的社会科学应用研究。最后,从研究领域、研究区域、研究方法、项目支撑以及研究挑战5个方面讨论了国内生态补偿研究的未来发展趋势。 相似文献
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In China, the distribution of water resources is incompatible with the development of productivity. The construction of South-to-North Water Diversion Project has achieved inter-basin water diversion, and the project can alleviate the uneven distribution of water resources phenomenon effectively. However, in recent years, the aggregate effects of water pollution and water resource shortages have been serious. Establishing transverse eco-compensation mechanisms becomes the key method to achieve sustainable use of water resources. Based on statistical and questionnaire data, this paper uses the Opportunity Costs Method and Willingness to Pay approach to establish a transverse eco-compensation standard calculation model for the Middle Route Project of the South- to-North Water Diversion. The results show that the upper and lower limits of the transverse eco-compensation standard for the Middle Route Project is $2.52 billion and $2.20 billion every year, respectively. However, the paying and receiving standards varied widely among different compensation payers and compensation receivers. Meanwhile, the significant factors influencing the paying willingness of the receiver area citizens were age, education level, average revenue per month, knowledge about the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and recognition of the importance of eco-environmental integrity. This study began with a theoretical analysis, then analysed related problems related to calculating transverse eco-compensation standards for the Middle Route Project of the South-to-North Water Diversion by an empirical study. This empirical study helps to establish effective transverse eco-compensation mechanisma and promotea the development of effective policies and legislation. 相似文献
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流域生态补偿是中国跨区域生态治理和自然区域保护的一项重要经济、社会、环境政策,涉及区域利益主体权益差异与协调、区域生态协同发展和合作模式构建等方面,是一个典型的地理学研究命题。本文将制度粘性引入到尺度政治理论中,剖析新安江流域生态补偿政府主体的博弈行为,探究不同政府主体的博弈特征和博弈机制。结果表明:中央政府、省级政府、市级政府等不同层级政府主体经历了竞争博弈、合作博弈和竞合博弈3个阶段,构建政府利益共同体能够推进流域生态补偿建设,中央政府的“适度介入”是开展跨省流域生态补偿的关键;流域生态补偿制度从“垂直”模式向“垂直—水平”模式的变迁过程中存在明显的制度粘性,政府主体利用政策革新和社会参与等制度约束稀释制度粘性,重塑流域生态补偿制度;尺度转换是推动新安江流域生态补偿的核心机制,政府主体通过重新分配权力和资本、嵌入非正式约束塑造流域生态补偿话语体系,推动新安江流域生态补偿由“强国家—弱社会”向“强国家—强社会”结构模式的转变。研究结果能够为构建跨区域流域生态补偿机制提供理论支撑,为合理评价和指导流域生态补偿实践、促进流域经济社会协调可持续发展提供科学依据。 相似文献
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从虚拟耕地流动的视角构建区际农业生态补偿框架,并在此框架下开展区际农业生态补偿支付/受偿区域划分和补偿标准测算的研究。结果表明：① 区际农业生态补偿的基本原理是：利用虚拟耕地净流量（输入量与输出量的差额）指标划分区际农业生态补偿的支付/受偿区域。对于净流量为负的分室,通过虚拟耕地流动占用了其他区域的耕地资源,应该支付相应的生态补偿。对于净流量为正的分室,通过虚拟耕地流动被其他区域占用了耕地资源,应得到生态补偿。区际农业生态补偿额度应包含对农业生态环境保护和改善的投资成本以及占用农业资源使其牺牲的发展机会成本等方面,并由管理平台统一收缴和分发。② 2004年以后虚拟耕地流动格局基本上保持稳定,只有个别省市（甘肃和云南）由净流入转变为净流出,在空间上表现为“北耕南流”的格局。③ 受偿区域（15个省市）主要分布在东北地区、华北地区和西北地区;支付区域（16个省市）主要分布在东部沿海地区和西南地区。④ 研究期内年均总受偿额度为1472.58亿元,处于高受偿省份（黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、河南）年均受偿额度都在150亿元以上。研究期内年均总支付额度为543.10亿元,其中,处于高支付区域的省份（浙江、广东、北京、福建）年均支付额度都在40亿元以上。 相似文献
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基于区域关联的视角,构建了省域生态补偿框架。运用投入产出方法,在2010年中国区域间投入产出表的基础上,以2010年统计数据为例,对中国省域间产业的土地资源占用量进行了测算。研究结果表明：①农林牧渔业大多属于被占用型产业,农业的发展应得到补偿;②工业属于占用型产业,应付出一定的生态资源补偿费;③建筑业在消费、投资情境下,属于占用型产业;在出口情境下,省域差异较大;④交通运输及仓储业,在消费和投资情境下,大多为占用型产业;而在出口情境下,省域差异较大;⑤批发零售业大多为占用型产业,应该承担生态补偿的责任;⑥其他服务业在消费情景下,大多为占用型产业;而出口和投资情景下,则大多为被占用型产业。最后,从加强产业生态补偿的立法、完善产业生态补偿的税收手段等方面,提出了相关政策建议。 相似文献
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以贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州为西南少数民族山区的典型案例,使用生态系统服务价值评估、系统动力学、生态足迹等方法开展生态环境规划研究,研究结果显示:区域存在城郊环境差异与跨界污染显现、森林资源与生物多样性优势突出、民族与历史文化特色鲜明等生态环境现状;面临水资源与土地资源承载力不相匹配、环境容量与排放总量矛盾较为突出、区域发展与资源保护冲突日趋明显等资源环境压力;2007年全州生态系统服务价值为91.95亿元,区域总体处于"良"的生态安全状态;在此基础上制定的战略目标、功能区划和规划方案是协调西南少数民族山区资源、环境与发展的有效工具. 相似文献
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China's policy on ecological compensation (eco-compensation) in watershed eco-systems is of economic,social and environmental significance for China's ecological gov-ernance and protection of natural areas.It involves balancing the interests of regional stakeholders,coordinating the development of regional environments and establishing effec-tive cooperation models,making it a classic topic for geographical research.This study in-troduces the concept of institutional "stickiness" to the theory of politics of scale to analyze the features and mechanisms of the game behavior of government entities in the process of im-plementing watershed eco-compensation in the Xin'an River Basin.Our results show the following:government entities at various levels,including the central,provincial and municipal governments,experienced the three stages of game strategy of competition,cooperation and"coopetition";building a government community of shared interests can promote watershed eco-compensation,and "appropriate intervention" by the central govemment is key to achieving inter-provincial watershed eco-compensation;there was clear institutional stickiness during the transition from a "vertical" model of watershed eco-compensation to a "vertical-horizontal"model,with government entities using policy innovations and social participation to limit and reduce stickiness so as to reshape the watershed eco-compensation system;scalar jumping is the core mechanism that promoted eco-compensation in the study basin,and government entities shaped the discourse on watershed eco-compensation by redistributing powers and capital and creating informal constraints,which promoted the transformation of eco-compensation from a "strong state-weak society" structural model,to a "strong state-strong society" model in the Xin'an River Basin.These results can provide theoretical support for the construction of inter-regional watershed eco-compensation mechanisms,pro-vide a scientific basis for the rational evaluation and guidance of watershed eco-compensation practices,and promote the coordinated and sustainable socioeconomic development of watersheds. 相似文献
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China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Support of the Resourcing Future Generations Program 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Resourcing Future Generations (RFG) program is a global strategy proposed by the International Union of Geological Sciences to meet global demand for natural resources. The Belt and Road (B&R) initiative of China provides a great opportunity for promoting the RFG across much of the Eurasian continent. The countries covered by the B&R initiative are mostly low-income economies. With rapid developments of economy and infrastructure construction, these countries are set to have huge demands for mineral resources in the future. However, the proven mineral reserves in this region are too limited, and the region’s overall level of metal recycling is far from optimistic. These countries are expected to have obstacles in meeting future demands. However, the regional Tethyan metallogenic domain and Central Asia metallogenic district are key areas for new discoveries of mineral resources, possessing a variety of mineral resources with a positive prospecting potential. The B&R initiative of China provides favorable opportunity for mutual beneficial cooperation to improve regional exploration and prospecting through geological mapping, inter-comparison study on Tethyan metallogenic domain, joint assessment of mineral resource potentials, joint training of geological engineers and workers and building information systems. 相似文献