共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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以Co(NO3)2.6H2O、Ni(CH3COO)2.4H2O和Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O为原料,在氩气保护下用共沉淀法制备了分散均匀的前驱体[Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3]C2O4.xH2O,用TG/DSC对前驱体的热分解做了表征。前驱体与碳酸锂在乙醇-水的混合体系中均匀分散,50℃下真空干燥后于500℃下预烧,将得到的混合物压片,然后在空气中于700~1 000℃下煅烧12~24 h得到三元正极材料。将得到的样品进行XRD、电池充放电循环、循环伏安等表征和测试。结果表明,700~1 000℃合成的样品有好的晶型(六方晶系,α-NaFeO2),特别是900℃下合成的正极材料有较好的晶型、高的首次充放电容量,并具有良好的电化学性能。 相似文献
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科尔沁沙地的元素,粘土矿物与沉积环境 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
湿润气候型元素(Fe,Mn,Cr,V,Co,Ni)和干旱气候型元素(Ca,Mg,K,Na,Sr,Ba)的迁移与分配规律,均与古气候密切相关。依据古气候指数C值概念:古气候指数C值=∑(Fe Mn Cr V Co Ni)/∑(Ca Mg Sr Ba K Na)对古气候变化给出定量分析。研究沙物质中元素分配的状况,粘土矿物的组合类型,推断晚更新世以来科尔沁沙地的气候状况和沙漠化进程。 相似文献
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《湿地科学》2019,(6)
于2015年10月28～29日,在黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区内的清水沟和清八汊河口,分别采集芦苇(Phragmites australis)盐沼、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)盐沼和柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)盐沼表层(0～10 cm深度)土壤样品,测定了土样中17种金属(V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Pb、Sr、Mn、Ti、Na、Mg、K、Fe、Ca、Al)的含量,并对两个河口土壤中的各元素含量进行了比较。研究结果表明,在清八汊和清水沟河口表层土壤中,与其它金属元素含量相比,Co质量比都相对最小,分别为7.97 mg/kg和8.35 mg/kg;Al质量比都相对最大,分别为86 664.06 mg/kg和102 319.51 mg/kg;除Na外,清水沟河口表层土壤中的其它金属元素(V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Sr、Pb、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe)含量都高于清八汊河口;在清八汊河口,芦苇盐沼表层土壤中的各金属元素含量较高,而在清水沟河口,柽柳盐沼表层土壤中的各金属元素含量较高;在清八汊河口,表层土壤中Mg含量与Co、Ni、Zn、Ga、Pb、Al、Ca、Mn和Fe含量显著正相关,在清水沟河口,表层土壤中Co含量与Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Pb、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Mn和Fe含量显著正相关,说明这些金属元素可能具有同源性。 相似文献
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为了研究黄河三角洲胜利油田的油气开采对当地芦苇(Phragmites australis)营养器官中重金属富集和迁移的影响,于2018年7月22～28日,采集新、老油田区和非油田区内芦苇根、茎、叶样品和表层(0～10 cm深度)土壤样品,测定芦苇各营养器官中的5种重金属(Pb、Mn、Co、Ni和Zn)含量以及表层土壤样品中的5种重金属含量和总石油烃含量,分析土壤中的总石油烃对芦苇营养器官内重金属富集和迁移的影响。研究结果表明,在新、老油井区,表层土壤中的石油烃主要对芦苇根部富集Pb、Mn、Co和Ni的能力产生影响;在新油井区,当表层土壤中总石油烃质量比为214μg/g时,芦苇根中的Co、Mn和Pb质量比最大,分别为3.14 mg/kg、206.59 mg/kg和9.10 mg/kg,当表层土壤中总石油烃质量比为283μg/g时,芦苇根中的Ni质量比最大,为27.16 mg/kg;在老油井区,当表层土壤中总石油烃质量比为262μg/g时,重金属Co、Mn、Ni和Pb含量都达到最大值,分别为3.28 mg/kg、166.74 mg/kg、18.60 mg/kg和4.27 mg/kg;在新油井区,当表层土壤中总石油烃质量比为283～385μg/g时,石油烃促进了芦苇营养器官中的Pb、Co和Mn向上迁移,当表层土壤中总石油烃质量比小于283μg/g时,石油烃的影响可以忽略不计;当新、老油井区表层土壤中总石油烃含量相近时,新油井区芦苇对土壤中重金属的去除效果优于老油井区。 相似文献
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羊卓雍湖地区面积8600平方公里。在区内用网格法和随机布点法,采土样54个,采水样53个。分析了土壤中的14种元素(Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn,Zr,Be,Ni,Co,Mn,Ti,Ga,Yb,Y,V)含量,以及水体中的8种元素(Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn,Ni,Co,Mn,V)含量。用偏度-峰度法和偏态系数检验了土壤中的元素,并统计了土水环境背景值。检验结果表明,本区土壤中,除Mn,Yb的含量属对数正态分布外,其余12种元素含量均呈正态分布。水体中地表水比地下水的元素含量丰富。 相似文献
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三峡库区紫色土微量元素含量的变化 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
以三峡库区典型坡面紫色土为例,对土壤中微量元素的含量及其在不同坡度、不同利用方式下的变化进行初步研究。结果表明,库区紫色土中Fe、Mn、Ni、Zr、Sr和Ti的含量相对较多,Mo的含量较为丰富,Zn和Pb的含量相对较低。Pb、Cu和Co的含量在一定坡度范围内随坡地坡度的增大而减少,Zr和Cr的含量则增加。紫色土中Cu、Pb、Co、Ti、Zr、Ni、Cr、Sr等微量元素的含量随坡度的变化具有一定的相关性。耕作土和非耕作土中微量元素含量差异明显,人为活动是引起库区紫色土微量元素含量变化的主要因素。 相似文献
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山东省广饶县土壤重金属来源、分布及生态风险 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取山东省广饶县作为研究区,采集300个表层土壤样品（0~20 cm）,测定As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等10种重金属含量;运用多元统计和地统计分析方法揭示广饶县土壤重金属元素的来源与空间分布特征,最后利用H?kanson潜在生态风险指数法评价重金属的潜在生态风险。结果表明：① 研究区土壤中Co和Pb的平均值低于山东省背景值,其他8种元素的平均值均超过山东省背景值;特别是Cd和Hg的平均含量分别达到山东省背景值的1.86倍和2.50倍,说明在土壤中存在明显的富集。② As、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni和Zn为自然源,受成土母质控制;Hg为人为源,主要来源于煤炭燃烧和工业排放;Cd和Pb受自然和人为因素共同控制。③ 成土母质控制着As、Cd、 Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn的基本分布格局,不同土地利用类型的土壤Hg含量差别较明显,其高值区集中在城镇建设用地。④ 总体上,研究区为中等生态风险的偏高水平,其中Cd和Hg分别为中等和较高生态风险,其余8种元素处于低生态风险。 相似文献
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以Zn(Ac)2.2H2O和NaOH为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)为表面活性剂,采用水热法合成了不同形态的氧化锌。利用X-ray粉末衍射仪(Powder X-ray Diffractometer,XRD)、红外光谱仪(Infra-red Spectrometer,IR)、场发射扫描电镜表征所合成材料的结构和形貌。用紫外可见光度计、荧光光度计研究了氧化锌的光学性能。为了评估氧化锌的催化性能,进行了纳米氧化锌对乙酸和正丁醇合成乙酸正丁酯的催化实验。实验结果表明,纳米氧化锌对酯化反应具有很好的催化作用,催化活性与颗粒大小有一定的关系。 相似文献
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Vernon F. Cormier 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,136(2):373-384
The anisotropy of heterogeneity scale lengths in the lower mantle is investigated by modelling its effect on the high-frequency precursors of PKIKP scattered by the heterogeneities. Although models having either an isotropic or an anisotropic distribution of scale lengths can fit the observed coda shapes of short-period precursors, the frequency content of broad-band PKIKP precursors favours a dominantly isotropic distribution of scale lengths. Precursor coda shapes are consistent with 1 per cent fluctuations in P velocity in the wavenumber band 0.05–0.5 km−1 extending to 1000 km above the core–mantle boundary, and with a D" region open to circulation throughout the lower mantle. The level of excitation of PKIKP precursors observed in the frequency band 0.02–2 Hz requires a power spectrum of heterogeneity that is nearly white or slowly increasing with wavenumber. Anisotropy of scale lengths may exist in a D" layer having larger horizontal than vertical scale lengths and produce little or no detectable effects on PKIKP precursors for P -velocity perturbations as high as 3 per cent when averaged over a vertical scale of several kilometres, and much higher when averaged over scales of hundreds of metres or less. 相似文献
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The IASPEI procedure for the evaluation of earthquake precursors 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Full scientific evaluation of proposed earthquake precursors for earthquake prediction is a problem because independent testing is difficult or impossible. To approach this difficulty, and to assess the current state of the art of earthquake prediction research, IASPEI has devised a peer-review procedure for precursor evaluation. The procedure does not consider predictions of impending earthquakes, but evaluates case histories of proposed precursors for past events according to stated validation criteria, which are specified in terms of guidelines concerning the hypothesized physical model, data quality, anomaly definition, the rules of association of precursor with earthquake, and statistical significance. So far, five precursors have been placed on a preliminary list of significant earthquake precursors, although none has satisfied the validation criteria well enough to ensure that their placement is permanent. Exclusion of a precursor from the list does not mean it is useless, but further work is required if it is to become convincing. The main objectives in producing the list are to establish a consensus on the criteria which a precursor must satisfy to be recognized as validated, and to find case histories which satisfy these criteria. Further nominations of precursor candidates are requested for evaluation by the IASPEI procedure. 相似文献
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Seismic-wave propagation through a cracked solid: polarization as a possible dilatancy diagnostic 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
Stuart Crampin 《Geophysical Journal International》1978,53(3):467-496
summary . A new technique is presented for modelling the elastic constants of cracked structures with application to systems with weak concentrations of parallel cracks, and of simple biplanar and triplanar cracks. The velocities and Vp /Vs ratios of these anisotropic structures are used to provide quantitative models for some earthquake precursors. These results indicate the great importance of crack geometry to the behaviour of precursors. The velocities of saturated cracks appear to favour the dilatancy-diffusion model of precursory phenomena. Synthetic seismograms are calculated for propagation through possible dilatancy zones. The seismograms show some characteristic features which may be useful for the investigation of earthquake dilatancy. 相似文献
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Precipitation and wet atmospheric deposition patterns were investigated for Colorado for the hydrologic year 1985. Above average precipitation for the year probably gave rise to higher than average deposition of sulfates and nitrates but this potential varied by season across the state and was higher at higher elevations. Average weekly concentrations of nitrates and sulfates were greatest during spring and summer and the average weekly pH of precipitation was lowest during the fall. Usually, average nitrate and sulfate concentrations decreased with increasing elevation while precipitation pH became more acidic with elevation. There was no clear pattern between acid concentration and increasing precipitation and elevation but precipitation pH decreased with increasing precipitation. Trajectory analysis suggested that important sources of acid precursors existed to the southwest of the state in 1985, but that areas to the northwest, west, and south, and regions within the state itself, are also likely sources. 相似文献
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D. J. Doornbos 《Geophysical Journal International》1978,53(3):643-662
summary . A formulation is given for the seismic-wave scattering by a rough solid—liquid interface, in analogy to results derived for a solid—solid interface and a heterogeneous volume. Using Kennett's approach and the reciprocity theorem, the scattering is formulated as the excitation by an equivalent dislocation. Using interface parameters relevant to the core—mantle boundary (CMB), computational results for several types of body-wave scattering are given and compared to scattering by a heterogeneous volume. In an application to the generation of PKP precursors it is concluded that, whereas some data groups point to heterogeneity (which may not be small) in the lower mantle above CMB, in other cases a rough CMB may be considered equally feasible. Scattering at the source or receiver side of the core by both a slightly rough CMB (radial variations up to a few hundred metres) and a slightly heterogeneous lower mantle (relative variations in physical parameters up to a few per cent) produces the energy level that is observed in most of the PKP precursors; also the relevant scale lengths of variation are about the same ie both mechanisms (10–20 km with possibly somewhat higher values at relatively long epicentral distances). 相似文献
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研究了在液相共沉淀法制备长余辉发光粉体SrAl2O4∶Eu2+,Dy3+的过程中,原料锶铝比、煅烧温度、保温时间对前躯体和煅烧产物的物相组成以及产物的长余辉性能的影响。采用X射线粉晶衍射仪(XRD)、荧光材料余辉特性测试仪对发光材料的物相组成和性能进行测试表征。研究表明,液相共沉淀法制备长余辉发光粉体SrAl2O4∶Eu2+,Dy3+的最佳条件为锶铝量比为1∶2,烧结温度1200℃及保温时间为3h;长余辉材料的物相组成以SrAl2O4相为主晶相,并存在富铝相Sr4Al14O25、SrAl4O7和SrAl12O19。 相似文献
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Robert A. J. Matthews 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,131(3):526-529
I apply Decision Theory to the question of how accurate earthquake predictions must be to serve as a reliable basis for action. Even with optimistic estimates of the parameters involved, the lower bound on the required accuracy is extraordinarily demanding, being over 10 times higher than that of current meteorological forecasts. Given the abruptly self-organizing nature of earthquakes, it is extremely unlikely that precursors can attain such levels of accuracy. I therefore conclude that prediction of major earthquakes is, in any practical sense, impossible. 相似文献