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《山地学报》2017,(2)
坡脚开挖、坡面堆载、不合理灌溉等人类活动诱发的工程性黄土滑坡灾害频频发生,对于当地居民的生命财产安全构成极大威胁。本文以兰州市沙井驿滑坡为研究对象,在工程地质勘测的基础上,研究滑坡的基本特征及导致滑坡发生的关键因素。通过减围压三轴试验研究黄土边坡开挖过程中土体的变形破坏特征。基于FLAC3D数值模拟方法,对黄土边坡的开挖过程进行模拟,分析开挖过程中边坡不同深度的土体应力及变形发展规律,揭示开挖过程中坡体稳定性变化规律及滑坡启动机理。结果表明,沙井驿滑坡是由于坡脚不合理开挖导致老滑坡复活,为牵引式滑坡;在开挖过程中,坡体内发生应力重分布,应力状态不断发生变化,随着开挖的进行,坡体变形逐渐增大;开挖结束后,坡体中部产生大量剪切裂缝,后缘产生张拉裂缝,坡体稳定性降至最低,中上部均有较大变形,最后发生失稳。 相似文献
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分析了伊犁谷地28个黄土样品的粒径、密度、含水量和孔隙比,测试了震陷、湿陷、动弹模量和塑性指数,探讨了伊犁谷地黄土的物性、动力学特征,讨论了它们与滑坡之间的关系。伊犁谷地的原生黄土主要以粉粒为主,含量为74%,大于75μm的颗粒含量为10%,小于5μm的颗粒含量为15%;黄土天然含水量为4%~16.1%,谷地东部的黄土明显地比谷地西部的更细,伊犁黄土的孔隙比在0.832~0.907之间,有相当的湿陷性。在含水量低于20%时,还会有湿陷。黄土的塑性指数为9左右,比较小,粘粒含量低,易损性大,抗震性能差,具有较强的震陷性。在同样的动应变下,伊犁黄土的动模量较小,随着动应变的增大,其动模量衰减较快。冻融季节是伊犁地区滑坡的多发季节,构造活动强烈的地段也是地质灾害的多发地段。 相似文献
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滑坡现场监测用的HA-1P数据测量仪 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
HA-1P数据测量仪可配接电阻应变计式传感器和电位计式传感器,用来测量倾斜、位移、沉降、挠度、转角、转矩、拉力、压力、应力应变、孔隙水压力和水位等参数,以监测滑坡动态和预报滑坡发生的时间、规模。 相似文献
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川藏公路拉月滑坡破坏过程模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
拉月滑坡是川藏公路线上典型的岩质滑坡。拉月一带斜坡岩体中节理裂隙十分发育,节理、裂隙间相互切割、组合,形成具不同块状结构特征的岩体,特别是不同结构特征的岩石块体相互嵌合,形成具不同稳定状况的的岩体结构。拉月滑坡的发生机理是因块状破坏而引发的滑坡,拉月滑坡破坏过程模型试验就是从机理上分析滑坡的发生过程。拉月滑坡模型试验采用了相似材料模型试验方法,建立相似的试验模型,重现滑坡体的受力状态、变形和破坏过程。 相似文献
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泾阳南塬多序次黄土滑坡特征参数与成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《山地学报》2016,(1)
泾阳南塬黄土滑坡表现出典型的多序次破坏特征,已造成了严重的土地资源损失及经济林地破坏。以泾阳南塬多序次黄土滑坡为研究对象,根据现场调查结果对黄土滑坡的多序次特征参数进行统计分析发现,随滑动序次的增加,滑坡表现出体积递减、滑距缩短、剪出口升高以及后缘两侧易滑等特征。进一步通过剪切试验及数值仿真实验,对滑坡的多序次成因机制进行了初步探讨,结果表明:灌溉导致地下水位持续上升是研究区黄土滑坡形成的主要原因,其力学机制可概括为土体在排水条件下,因孔压激增引发不完全排水行为,从而发生的静态剪缩破坏;前序次滑坡的形成改变了斜坡原有的结构形态,为后序次滑坡的孕育和发展提供了良好的滑动条件,主要表现在堵水促滑、凸坡促滑以及液化分异三方面影响。 相似文献
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根据对蒋家沟泥石流源地的崩塌、滑坡、散流坡,在旱季与雨季不同时段,降雨入渗后的土壤含水状况观测,以及泉水季节性变化,详细分析了泥石流源地崩塌、滑坡、散流坡土体的应力应变特性对降雨的响应过程差异.在雨季滑坡临空面和滑坡体内的土体含水量分别为6.67%、4.8%,滑坡活动主要是通过前缘剪出口崩塌方式补给下方沟床.崩塌体由于土体结构极为松散,在雨季该土体含水量通常高达8.85%～16%,使其土体的抗剪强度(C、φ)处于极限应力状态,一旦遇到降雨浸润和冲刷,迅速触变液化,转化为高浓度泥石流的侵蚀产沙过程. 相似文献
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《山地学报》2017,(6)
浅层蠕动型黄土滑坡通常呈面状发育于相对平缓的沟谷两侧,沿黄土-基岩接触面产生周期性低速蠕动,对附近的工厂、道路和管道等设施造成严重破坏。研究这类滑坡的形成机理对其防灾减灾工作具有重要的指导意义。因此本文以甘肃省天水市罗玉沟流域的一个典型浅层蠕动型黄土滑坡为例展开研究。取滑带泥岩样进行直剪和直剪蠕变试验,以试验数据为基本参数,利用VB编程的二维滑坡运动模型模拟该滑坡的演化过程,并分析了滑坡在运动过程中及河流侵蚀下的稳定性。结果表明,泥岩应力-应变曲线呈弱硬化型,破坏后强度不发生衰减,且其长期强度(φ_∞=10.3°、c_∞=12.8 k Pa)明显低于直剪试验强度(φ_f=11.9°、c_f=40.9 k Pa),有利于滑坡发生蠕动;滑坡演化过程中后缘滑体逐渐向前缘蠕动,滑体稳定系数随之提高,但河流侧蚀又会明显降低其稳定性,导致周期性蠕动下滑;本文采用的二维滑坡运动有限差分模型可较好的模拟这类滑坡的演化过程,可为滑距预测提供依据。 相似文献
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河流对岸坡的侵蚀作用是滑坡失稳的重要因素之一,特别是在中国黄土地区。因此,探讨河流水位的季节性变化对黄土边坡稳定性的影响规律,对早期黄土滑坡灾害预警具有重要作用。论文以甘肃省天水市清泉村滑坡为例,分析5年内沿岸边坡形变速率与季节性水位变化之间的关系。基于SBAS-InSAR技术获取滑坡时序形变信息,借助MNDWI与DEM获取边坡底部时序水位信息,并结合GPM降雨数据进行相关性分析,研究发现随着降雨增多、河流水位的上涨,清泉村滑坡的形变速率明显增大,在夏季时滑坡形变量增长较快,并且边坡形变相较于水位季节变化具有一定的滞后性;经相关性分析,得出水位与滑坡形变的相关性系数为0.46,降雨与滑坡形变的相关性系数为0.39,表明清泉村滑坡的形变速率与水位变化更相关。因此,河流的季节性变化对滑坡形变速率具有一定影响,进而造成河流对沿岸滑坡的侵蚀作用呈现出季节性变化。研究揭示的黄土滑坡与河流水位的季节性变化关系,对揭示河岸边坡的演化过程、滑坡识别与灾害防治具有重要意义。 相似文献
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滑坡变形监测系统深部与地表变形关系初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滑坡的孕育、演变、发生是一个累进性变形破坏过程,开展滑坡变形的长期监测工作对滑坡稳定性评价、滑坡的预测预报及治理具有重要的工程意义。目前,滑坡变形监测多集中于坡体表部,很难系统获得反映滑坡稳定性的深部变形资料。本文以某溃屈型滑坡为例,初步分析了滑坡深表部变形的关系,为滑坡稳定性分析及变形破坏趋势预测提供了依据。 相似文献
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To investigate the mechanical properties of ice-saturated frozen soil, a series of triaxial tests under various confining pressures（0.5 to 9.0 MPa） on ice-saturated frozen loess with ice content of 23.7% were carried out at a temperature-6 °C, and at 1.25 mm/min of loading rate. The triaxial tests include two loading modes, one with monotonic loading（i.e., triaxial compression）, and another with static cycle loading. The test results under triaxial compression show that the strength and deformation behaviors of ice-saturated frozen loess are affected by confining pressure. According to the test results of triaxial loading-unloading cycle test, the elastic modulus evolution with the number of cycles under different confining pressures are analyzed. 相似文献
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地形对黄土高原滑坡的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
高分辨率地形与影像数据的缺乏已成为研究地表现象、特征与过程的重要瓶颈。低成本无人机设备和摄影测量技术的发展,打开了地学领域获取高分辨率数据的大门,大大提高了地质灾害野外调查与灾害编目的精度与效率。本文通过无人机野外调查和遥感室内目视解译,构建了一个包含307个黄土滑坡属性的数据库。在此基础上,通过数字地形分析和数理统计等方法,总结归纳了黄土滑坡样本数据的分布规律,探讨了地形对黄土滑坡分布的影响,阐述了地形相对高差对最长滑动距离、滑坡周长、滑坡面积的影响,提出了基于传统经验公式拟合的滑坡规模快速预测公式。结果表明：① 滑坡规模—频率分布具有明显的规律性,不同最大长度、最大宽度和周长的黄土滑坡数量分布均呈现正偏态分布,而不同面积的滑坡数量分布则服从幂函数分布;② 地形对黄土滑坡发育控制作用明显,不同地形高差、平均坡度、坡形的斜坡单元滑坡发育数量差异较大;③ 地形相对高差与滑坡的最长滑距、周长和面积的拟合曲线很好地符合幂律分布规律,但不同地形区的拟合效果有所差异,黄土丘陵区拟合效果最好,黄土高原全区次之,黄土台塬区最差;④ 本文建立的黄土滑坡规模快速预测模型,为黄土滑坡灾害调查提供了经验公式支撑。 相似文献
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A new experiment method is introduced to study the relations between frost heaving strain and stress of soil or fracture rock under different moisture contents, temperatures and stress states. Based on experiments, a new triaxial frost heaving stress-strain relation is presented aiming at tunnel in cold regions. The experimental equipments are strain-controlled and low temperature buildup, and different restrained conditions are controlled by changing the stiffness of a test-force-ring. Then the frost heaving strain and stress of soil or fracture rock can be obtained under different restrained conditions, and the frost heaving stress-strain relation can be got by regression analysis of some feature points. Experiments of saturated sandy soil conducted by this method show that the triaxial frost heaving stress-strain relation could be expressed by logarithmic curves, and the frost heaving stress changes linearly with the logarithm of the frost heaving strain. The stronger the constraint, the smaller the frost heaving strain and the larger the frost heaving stresses. The frost heaving stresses would tend to a limit value with increasing the constraint intensity. The larger the confining pressure, the larger the frost heaving strain and stress. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe size and spatial distribution of loess slides are important for estimating the yield of eroded materials and determining the landslide risk. While previous studies have investigated landslide size distributions, the spatial distribution pattern of landslides at different spatial scales is poorly understood. The results indicate that the loess slide distribution exhibits a power-law scaling across a range of the size distribution. The mean landslide size and size distribution in the different geomorphic types are different. The double Pareto and inverse gamma functions can coincide well with the empirical probability distribution of the loess slide areas and can quantitatively reveal the rollover location, maximum probability, and scaling exponents. The frequency of loess slides increases with mean monthly precipitation. Moreover, point distance analysis showed that > 80% of landslides are located < 3 km from other loess slides. We found that the loess slides at the two study sites (Zhidan and Luochuan County) in northern Shaanxi Province, China show a significant clustered distribution. Furthermore, analysis results of the correlated fractal dimension show that the landslides exhibit a dispersed distribution at smaller spatial scales and a clustered distribution at larger spatial scales. 相似文献
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The role of post-Little Ice Age (LIA) Neoglacial retreat on landslide activity is investigated in 19 alpine basins along the upper Lillooet River Valley, British Columbia. We examine how Neoglacial scouring and glacial recession have modified hillslope form and slope stability, and construct a decision-making flowchart to identify landslide hazards associated with glacial retreat. This work is based on field mapping, GIS analysis, statistical associations between landslides and terrain attributes, and a comparison between Neoglaciated and non-Neoglaciated terrain within each basin.The bedrock landslide response to glacial retreat varies appreciably according to lithology and the extent of glacial scour below the LIA trimline. Valleys carved in weak Quaternary volcanics show significant erosional oversteepening and contain deep-seated slope movement features, active rock fall, rock slides, and rock avalanches near glacial trimlines. Basins in stronger granitic rock rarely show increased bedrock instability resulting from post-LIA retreat, except for shallow-seated rock slides along some trimlines and failures on previously unstable slopes. In surficial materials, landslides associated with post-LIA retreat originate in till or colluvium, as debris slides or debris avalanches, and are concentrated along lateral moraines or glacial trimlines.Significant spatial association was also observed between recent catastrophic failures, gravitational slope deformation, and slopes that were oversteepened then debuttressed by glacial erosion. Eight out of nine catastrophic rock slope failures occurred just above glacial trimlines and all occurred in areas with a previous history of deep-seated gravitational slope movement, implying that this type of deformation is a precursor to catastrophic detachment. 相似文献
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《Geomorphology》2006,73(1-2):149-165
Manjiya County on the Ugandan slopes of Mount Elgon is a densely populated mountainous area where landslides have been reported since the beginning of the twentieth century. The numerous fatalities and the damage done during the extreme rainfall events of 1997 to 1999 drew attention to this phenomenon. In order to better understand the causal factors of these landslides, 98 recent landslides in the study area, mostly debris slumps, were mapped and investigated. Together, they displaced 11 millions m3 of slope material. Statistical analysis shows that landslides dominate on steep concave slope segments that are oriented to the dominant rainfall direction (northeast) and at a relatively large distance from the water divide. Based on landslide occurrence and impact, four different zones can be distinguished within the study area. Causal factors as well as landslide characteristics differ greatly between the four zones.Besides the fact that steep slopes, high rainfall and typical soil properties and stratification turn Manjiya into an inherently unstable area, human interference cannot be neglected. Whereas deforestation has reduced the stability of the shallow soils on the eastern slopes of the study area, the excavation of slopes, mainly for house building, is an important destabilizing factor for the western slopes. The growing population density not only increases the risk on damage, but hampers the search for solutions for the landslide problem as well. 相似文献
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通过野外现场调查、载荷试验、轻型圆锥动力触探及室内试验,对呼伦贝尔沙质草原厚度30 cm的表层沙土物理力学性质及承载力、剪切变形特征进行研究。结果表明:表层沙土工程分类为细砂,颗粒级配不良,沿深度有明显分层;干密度1.34～1.51 g·cm-3,黏聚力12～27.4 kPa,内摩擦角22.5°～24.0°,变形模量8.5 MPa;各指标表明沙土的工程性质上部差于下部;沙土承载力特征值和极限承载力分别为150 kPa和300 kPa,承载力不足导致表层沙土发生冲剪破坏(塑性破坏)和整体剪切破坏(脆性破坏)。 相似文献
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水库库区形成以后,由于水位的上升变动往往触发相当数量的坍塌和滑坡,对库岸稳定性造成严重影响.以小湾水电站库区新民坝子滑坡为例,在岸坡地质条件及变形破坏特征调查的基础上,对其变形破坏机制和稳定性进行分析和评价,得出其变形破坏方式为前缘一后缘逐级后退式失稳模式,且现状处于欠稳定状态;通过概化其地质模型,采用FLAc3D数值模拟手段进行流固耦合分析,得出水位上升至调查水位1 160 m高程和正常蓄水位1 240 m高程时的岸坡稳定性状况,计算结果表明蓄水至1 240 m高程后岸坡存在产生较大规模失稳的可能.这对类似库岸滑坡的调查分析具有一定参考意义. 相似文献
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层状结构岩体顺层斜坡滑移-弯曲失稳计算探讨 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
中-陡倾顺层斜坡在下端被阻挡及嵌固时可能产生滑移-弯曲型结构变形与屈曲失稳,但以前失稳分析采用的力学模型的边界条件及变形形态对地质原型的符合性较为不足。因顺层斜坡上部平直段与下部屈曲段是一个连续的整体,弯曲段边界条件及变形形态的合理对正确建立挠曲线方程和临界屈曲失稳分析均非常重要。在分析了顺层斜坡地质原型变形形态的基础上,由考虑自重的阻滑端固定的斜置等厚弹性板梁模型,提出了以地质原型变形形态抽象出相应边界条件的分析方法,及理论上求解挠曲线的适定三阶微分方程。鉴于弯曲段长度可现场测知,以所分析的边界条件拟定了简便合理的、曲线形态能较好反映地质原型变形形态的多项式近似挠曲线。通过势能泛函的平衡稳定判断方法,滑移-弯曲破坏的临界条件得到确定,失稳临界弯曲长度计算式较符合工程实际。 相似文献