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Interplay between urban communities and human‐crowd mobility: A study using contributed geospatial data sources 
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下载免费PDF全文 An intense process of urbanization, witnessed particularly in the last decade, has stressed the need to comprehend human mobility behavior in urban settings. Although the emergence of contributed geospatial data (i.e., pervasive activity‐based data) has contributed to substantial progress toward understanding human activity, the relationship between human‐crowd mobility and the functional structure of a city is not yet well understood. In this context, the present research focuses on the intra‐urban origin–destination matrix modeling founded on a combination of two major crowdsourced datasets as well as the inclusion of urban communities’ structure. Specifically, the well‐known “radiation” and “PWO” models were modified through first, identifying the communities embedded in the cyberspace network then employing the identified hierarchical structure of the spatial‐interaction network for the formulation of the users’ movement network and second, imposing proper input variables including the telecommunication activity volume and check‐in frequency. The results obtained by various empirical analyses suggest that the modified community‐constrained origin–destination flow estimation models exhibit better performance levels than those of alternative conventional mobility models. 相似文献
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It is often assumed that three-dimensional topographic maps provide more effective route planning, navigation, orientation, and way-finding results than traditional two-dimensional representations. The research reported here investigates whether three-dimensional spatial mappings provide better support for route planning than two-dimensional representations. In a set of experiments performed as part of this research, human subjects were randomly shown either a two- or three-dimensional hologram of San Francisco and were asked to plan a bicycling route between an origin and a destination point. In a second task, participants used these holograms to identify the highest elevation point in the displayed area. The eye-movements of the participants, throughout the process of looking at the geospatial holograms and executing the tasks, were recorded. The eye-tracking metrics analysis indicates with a high statistical level of confidence that three-dimensional holographic maps enable more efficient route planning. In addition, the research group is developing a new algorithm to analyze the differences between participant-selected routes and a set of "good routes." The algorithm employs techniques used to represent the boundary of objects and methods for assessing the difference between objects in modern digital image recognition, image registration, and image alignment applications. The overall goal is to create a theoretical framework for investigating and quantifying route planning effectiveness. 相似文献
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Cristina Portalés José Luis Lerma Santiago Navarro 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2010,65(1):134-142
Close-range photogrammetry is based on the acquisition of imagery to make accurate measurements and, eventually, three-dimensional (3D) photo-realistic models. These models are a photogrammetric product per se. They are usually integrated into virtual reality scenarios where additional data such as sound, text or video can be introduced, leading to multimedia virtual environments. These environments allow users both to navigate and interact on different platforms such as desktop PCs, laptops and small hand-held devices (mobile phones or PDAs). In very recent years, a new technology derived from virtual reality has emerged: Augmented Reality (AR), which is based on mixing real and virtual environments to boost human interactions and real-life navigations. The synergy of AR and photogrammetry opens up new possibilities in the field of 3D data visualization, navigation and interaction far beyond the traditional static navigation and interaction in front of a computer screen.In this paper we introduce a low-cost outdoor mobile AR application to integrate buildings of different urban spaces. High-accuracy 3D photo-models derived from close-range photogrammetry are integrated in real (physical) urban worlds. The augmented environment that is presented herein requires for visualization a see-through video head mounted display (HMD), whereas user’s movement navigation is achieved in the real world with the help of an inertial navigation sensor. After introducing the basics of AR technology, the paper will deal with real-time orientation and tracking in combined physical and virtual city environments, merging close-range photogrammetry and AR. There are, however, some software and complex issues, which are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(2):137-148
Slope exerts a powerful influence on the route selection processes of humans. Attempts to model human movement in hilly and mountainous terrain which have largely focused on least-time route transformations can be improved by incorporating research suggesting that humans systematically overestimate slopes. Such research suggests that cost functions derived from slope should be more expensive than time derivations alone would indicate. This paper presents a method for empirically estimating cost functions for slopes. We use the method to predict routes and paths that are more likely to be selected by humans based on their perceptions of slope. An evaluation of the method found that it successfully predicts road, track and trail locations over a variety of conditions and distances. 相似文献
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Urban system is shaped by the interactions between different regions and regions planned by the government, then reshaped by human activities and residents’ needs. Understanding the changes of regional structure and dynamics of city function based on the residents’ movement demand are important to evaluate and adjust the planning and management of urban services and internal structures. This paper constructed a probabilistic factor model on the basis of probabilistic latent semantic analysis and tensor decomposition, for purpose of understanding the higher order interactive population mobility and its impact on urban structure changes. First, a four-dimensional tensor of time (T)?×?week (W)?×?origin (O)?×?destination (D) was constructed to identify the day-to-day activities in three time modes and weekly regularity of weekday/weekend pattern. Then we reclassified the urban regions based on the space clustering formed by the space factor matrix and core tensor. Finally, we further analysed the space–time interaction on different time scales to deduce the actual function and connection strength of each region. Our research shows that the application of individual-based spatial–temporal data in human mobility and space–time interaction study can help to analyse urban spatial structure and understand the actual regional function from a new perspective. 相似文献
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无线电高度表和数字地图的组合构成地形轮廓匹配 (TERCOM )辅助导航系统 ,它是一种飞行导航定位的重要手段 ,由于地形辅助导航不依赖卫星导航系统、不受外界干扰、具有自主导航的功能 ,故近年来获得了迅速发展。本文对传统的地形匹配算法进行了如下改进 :利用实测高程序列和预测高程序列与基准图分别进行匹配 ,对飞行器进行实时定位并对下一时刻的航迹进行预测 ;利用递推和分层匹配策略提高配准效率 ;利用多判据组合匹配提高定位的可靠性。根据本文所提出的数学模型 ,并用外场飞行数据进行了匹配测试 ,结果证明该方法提高了地形轮廓匹配的可靠性和精度 ,取得了很好的效果。 相似文献
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主要针对当前嵌入式导航应用中路径规划计算存在的问题,设计了一种满足实时导航应用基于转换路网的分层搜索A*算法。该算法对于大区域的路径规划采用分层搜索策略,路径计算时采用能够处理交叉口转向限制和结点权重,并且占用存储空间小,搜索速度快的基于转换路网的二次搜索A*算法。通过实际的应用表明,算法在计算速度、路径合理性等方面可以满足实时导航应用的技术需求。 相似文献
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针对不同地形环境下存在的飞行安全性低、数据冗余、构建三维模型质量和精度差等问题,本文以单镜头四旋翼小型无人机为试验设备,对平坦地形环境下的复杂单体建筑使用井字形交叉航线和环视航线;对复杂山地地形环境下的泥石流沟谷使用水平航线、井字形交叉航线及视频航线构建三维模型,并结合航线参数、三维模型质量和精度,探讨了不同地形环境下无人机航线规划方案对三维模型构建的影响。经评价分析可知:①使用环视航线能安全、快速地获取平坦地形下的复杂单体建筑影像,构建完整、质量好、精度高的三维模型;②使用井字形交叉航线能构建山地地形下泥石流沟谷的完整、质量好、精度高的三维模型,但飞行安全性、时效性较低;③使用视频航线,影像重叠度高,能构建完整、质量好的三维模型,模型精度并无明显差异。 相似文献
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在运用组合导航技术进行车辆定位导航过程中,由于环境、导航设备等因素的干扰,导航数据中会包含有较大误差的野值数据,使得导航结果与实际车辆的行驶轨迹发生较大偏差,从而给人们的日常生活带来不便。一方面,错误的导航信息会给用户增加不必要的麻烦,影响智能交通系统的发展;另一方面也影响组合导航技术的应用和推广。为此,本文提出了对车辆低速和车辆停止时的定位数据进行剔除,利用粗差剔除和多项式拟合等方法对定位数据进行分析处理,提高导航定位的准确性。跑车试验证明该方法可以有效地提高定位精度,满足车载导航的需求。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTVirtual globes are technologies for visual navigation through a three-dimensional, multi-resolution model of the entire planet. Data representations used in virtual globes, however, lack geometric flexibility at high-resolution levels of the planet-wide terrain surface. This is a problem especially if boundaries between individual geospatial features and the terrain are important. A novel integration of individual polygonal boundaries with a specific multi-resolution representation of the planet-wide terrain is developed in this article. In the preparation stage, the integration relies on an original simplification algorithm applied to the polygonal boundaries between geospatial features and the terrain. Its output is a multiple level-of-detail (LOD) geometry, which can be combined with a known multi-LOD representation of the terrain that uses run-time triangulation. This data representation is suitable for storage in existing database systems, avoids any data redundancy across LODs, and is even independent of the subdivision schema that partitions the planet's surface for the sake of dealing with LODs. At run-time, a novel reconstruction algorithm stitches geometric parts from different LODs together in a manner that augments the multi-LOD representation of the terrain. Within a certain proximity range from a given position, the method reconstructs a scene that preserves topological relations between the boundaries of geospatial features with the terrain. The method also guarantees that certain nearest proximity to the given position consists of the best geometries that correspond to the original datasets. Such properties of the method close up the gap between a mere exploratory visualization of static, pre-generated models and the models supporting geospatial analysis, which is deemed crucial for applications in Geographic Information Systems, Building Information Modelling and other software industries. A prototype implementation and experiment results that prove this method are also presented. 相似文献
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The use of helicopters as a sensor platform offers flexible fields of application due to adaptable flying speed at low flight levels. Modern helicopters are equipped with radar altimeters, inertial navigation systems (INS), forward-looking cameras and even laser scanners for automatic obstacle avoidance. If the 3D geometry of the terrain is already available, the analysis of airborne laser scanner (ALS) measurements may also be used for terrain-referenced navigation and change detection. In this paper, we present a framework for on-the-fly comparison of current ALS data to given reference data of an urban area. In contrast to classical difference methods, our approach extends the concept of occupancy grids known from robot mapping. However, it does not blur the measured information onto the grid cells. The proposed change detection method applies the Dempster–Shafer theory to identify conflicting evidence along the laser pulse propagation path. Additional attributes are considered to decide whether detected changes are of man-made origin or occurring due to seasonal effects. The concept of online change detection has been successfully validated in offline experiments with recorded ALS data streams. Results are shown for an urban test site at which multi-view ALS data were acquired at an interval of 1 year. 相似文献
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基于功能的导航数据模型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为同时实现导航系统核心功能，提出了基于功能的导航数据模型，重点论述了该模型中的导航数据的总体组织原则和导航数据组织模型。试验结果表明，提出的数据模型能方便高效地同时实现导航系统的核心功能，适合于导航系统。 相似文献
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在深入分析路径规划数据结构的基础上,给出了一种用于车辆导航的路径规划数据逻辑模型。首先给出了路径规划数据的组成要素,阐述了各组成要素之间的相互关系,然后给出描述各类要素状态与特征的属性组成。通过实践证明,路径规划数据逻辑模型的建立对于制定导航数据物理存储格式、指导导航数据的格式转换与数据生产具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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Terrain analysis uses different workflows to extract features from terrain models for the purpose of understanding topographic patterns and processes. However, the results of different workflows often conflict, leading to uncertainties about feature locations. Instead of relying upon a single workflow, we suggest that a fusion of information from multiple workflows better informs terrain analysis. From terrain data with different degrees of variability, we extracted terrain features related to the set of topographic surface network feature classes {peaks, pits, saddles, ridges, courses} using workflows from free, open-source, and commercial software. A multi-scale analysis produced terrain features with fuzzy membership values for various feature classes and revealed that terrain locations can exhibit characteristics of all classes. Multi-feature maps were created by determining at each location the dominant and second-ranked features, and an uncertainty value. Our multi-method approach incorporated all of the workflows’ multi-scale results and again produced multi-feature maps that increased the confidence of some features and reduced the signal of dissimilar results. We also found that high variability terrain produced crisper features in both spatial extent and membership strength. Our overall conclusion is that multi-scale, multi-feature, and multi-method analyses clarify terrain feature uncertainty. 相似文献
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Kathleen M. Baker Andrew C. Johnson Caitlin N. Callahan Heather L. Petcovic 《制图学和地理信息科学》2016,43(2):176-187
Topographic maps and aerial photographs are particularly useful when geoscientists are faced with fieldwork tasks such as selecting paths for observation, establishing sampling schemes, or defining field regions. These types of images are crucial in bedrock geologic mapping, a cognitively complex field-based problem-solving task. Geologic mapping requires the geologist to correctly identify rock types and three-dimensional bedrock structures from often partial or poor-quality outcrop data while navigating through unfamiliar terrain. This paper compares the walked routes of novice to expert geologists working in the field (n = 66) with the results of a route planning and navigation survey of a similar population of geologists (n = 77). Results show clearly that those geologists with previous mapping experience make quick and decisive determinations about field areas from available imagery and maps, regardless of whether they are or not physically present in the field area. Recognition of geologic features enabled experts to form and verbalize a specific plan for travel through a landscape based on those features. Novices were less likely to develop specific travel route plans and were less likely to identify critical landscape cues from aerial photographs. 相似文献
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针对现有的LiDAR航线设计软件绝大多数针对大中型无人机,主要依靠飞行人员根据实际经验敷设航线,少数采用传统摄影测量改变基线长度的方式实现复杂地势下LiDAR航线自动敷设,但高地势地区航线较密,飞行成本高,有局限性,目前能实现轻小型无人机载LiDAR航线自主敷设的软件很少等问题,参照轻小型机载LiDAR的特点,该文提出一种复杂地势下基于DEM改变航高的航线设计方法。以延庆某山区进行试验。结果表明:该方法适当放宽分区高差限制,综合考虑地形信息、飞机性能等要素,使得单条航带点云密度得到保证,提高航线规划效率,节约飞行时间。将考虑DEM与未考虑DEM两种方式对比,确保重叠度,满足工程点云密度,便于后期数据处理。 相似文献
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用路途全景图增强地理信息系统的可视性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
介绍了用路途全景图（Route panorama）组成道路网并融入地理信息系统的研究成果.为提供比道路地图更为详尽的景观信息,本文用路途全景图建立了一个可漫步的虚拟城市.路途全景图具有数据量小,形式连续,街道覆盖完全,高效采集和易于扩充等特色,可作为一个沿街建筑物和设施的图像索引.研究了获取街道景观的扫描系统,对一市区街道进行完全扫描,并对路途全景图进行信息检索.与利用3维图形建立城市模型相比,路途全景图能在因特网上实时传送,并在大区域内作连续的可视导航.其结果可应用于虚拟旅行、城市导引、历史研究、古迹保护、风土和生活方式记录以及灾害应急控制等. 相似文献
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地景模型的简化与快速绘制方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在分析地景模型数据特点的基础上，提出了地景模型简化的判决准则，并根据该则提出了基于视点的区域数据抽取与简化方法以及基于法矢量的细节模型简化方法。实验结果表明，使用该方法数据压缩量大，绘制速度快，且逼真度无明显变化。 相似文献