共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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《测绘通报》2017,(Z2)
随着地理国情普查和监测的推进,信息量激增,数据挖掘方法和社会化应用工具不断进步,为解决规划决策中的资源分配率低、不确定性高等问题提供了得天独厚的优势。在北京市疏解非首都功能、推进京津冀地区协同发展的大背景下,以地理国情监测数据为基础,以复杂地理计算思想为指导,提出了一种基于集成学习的自适应元胞自动机模拟模型并应用于北京市城市规模演变的模拟。通过对比2015年北京市的预测结果与真实数据发现,相较于传统基于经验统计模型的元胞自动机模型,本文提出的模型预测精度更高。最后本文以2007年和2015年的北京市地理国情监测数据为模拟和训练数据,在假定当前社会经济发展速度不变的情况下,对2023年北京市城市规模作出预测,并找到北京市城市规模的演变规律,识别未来潜在的城市扩展热点区域,最终为城市规划的决策者提供"疏解"北京市的数据支持和现实路径。 相似文献
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六盘山地区中学教育资源空间可达性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对当前大范围集中特困地区的中学教育资源空间可达性研究较为欠缺的问题,该文以六盘山地区为研究对象,通过网络爬虫获得1 415所中学和1 157个居民点位置及相关属性,辅以道路和人口等数据,运用改进的潜能模型,测算分析中学教育资源的空间可达性。结果表明:六盘山地区中学空间可达性整体有待提高;城乡差异显著,多民族聚居区、部分县区交界地带存在大范围中学空间可达性偏低现象;交通发达、路网密集区域的中学空间可达性较高。本研究为贫困山区的教育资源空间优化方案的制订及教育扶贫提供一定的借鉴。 相似文献
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城市人口预测和空间分布模拟是人口社会学、城市规划、地理信息科学等领域的热门问题,其在灾害评估、资源配置、智慧城市建设等方面应用广泛。但小尺度人口数据部分缺失的问题经常出现,城市人口空间分布模型分辨率的提升仍需进一步研究。为此,提出一种基于元胞自动机和多智能体的方法,并考虑土地分类和公共设施的位置信息。通过确定元胞属性值,多智能体进行自主移动以确定人口空间分布,继而生成北京市人口空间分布图。为验证模型模拟结果,对北京市部分街道级行政区人口数据进行检验,结果表明:该方法生成的人口空间分布模型精度较高,结果可信;该模型对人口空间分布预测精度在街道尺度普遍优于6%,空间分辨率达到30m×30m。同时,提出可结合人口预报数值推定未来数年城市人口空间分布。经验证,模型所采用的人口预报方法精度和可信度较好。 相似文献
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探讨了基于多主体系统（multi-agent system，MAS）的城市商业区位建模的新方法。模型由相互作用的环境层和多主体层组成，旨在探索商业区位过程中消费者、商业设施、政府等多主体之间以及多主体与环境之间的微观相互作用而导致的宏观商业布局过程。该模型可以方便地探索销售商在不同选址策略下商业设施的区位分布，为商业选址提供有用的决策依据，并在一个虚拟的城市空间中模拟了销售商在不同选址策略下的选址决策。 相似文献
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农村中小学布局调整之空间可达性分析——以河南省巩义市初级中学为例 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
中小学布局调整是教育主管部门面临的一项重要任务,涉及教育资源的公平分配和合理利用,影响到义务教育法的落实和实施.在探讨中小学布局调整原理与方法的基础上,使用地理信息系统(GIS)技术建立人口分布、学校分布和交通条件等数据库,计算空间可达性指标,定量分析每一个居住区位学生上学的便捷程度,评估教育资源的空间分布差异,为学校布局规划提供重要的参考依据.使用比例模型、最近距离模型、机会积累模型、重力模型和改进重力模型,以巩义市初级中学为例,揭示学校分布与人口分布之间的关系,期望为农村中小学布局调整提供评估方法和规划依据.案例研究发现:农村义务教育在资源配置、最近入学距离、择校机会、供需平衡方面仍有一定的不均衡性.建议使用GIS和空间可达性指标评估中小学布局调整的公平性;进一步探索学生择校的空间规律,并使用Huff模型模拟学校与学生的最佳配置,为布局调整奠定定量分析基础. 相似文献
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针对当前老龄化社会所带来的养老设施供给不足与供给不均衡问题，以滨城区为研究区，以精细化人口数据、养老设施数据为基础，分析格网单元的老龄化程度和养老服务压力，以POI数据与随机森林算法分别对主城区和乡镇区域构建选址模型，并进行空间选址预测；顾及老龄化程度和养老服务压力对选址结果进行等级划分。结果表明，主城区选址模型的正确率为89.83%,乡镇的选址模型正确率为90.72%;主导主城区和乡镇选址的指标不同，老年人口是影响主城区选址的主要因素，基础设施是影响乡镇选址的主要因素。在初步预测结果的基础上，将选址结果划分为一级需求适宜区、二级需求适宜区，为养老服务设施选址决策提供科学依据。 相似文献
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基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的居住区指数模型（HSI）广泛应用于区域尺度城市不透水面扩张监测。但是,在干旱区由于受到裸岩、沙漠、戈壁等低植被覆盖区干扰,HSI算法的精度和适应性受到了一定的影响。为解决这一问题,本文利用植被覆盖度作为调节系数,对灯光数据与植被指数进行动态调整,构建了适用于干旱区的城市植被调节不透水指数（VAISI）;然后采用SVR模型,通过机器学习的方法构建了城市不透率参考数据与VAISI之间的非线性关系模型,实现对干旱区区域尺度不透水面覆盖率估算;最后,对模型估算结果进行了精度验证和比较分析。试验结果表明：在干旱区,VAISI解决了由于灯光溢出问题及城市周边裸土等低植被覆盖等因素导致的城市周边裸土像元不透率估算过高问题,一定程度上提高了城市内部不透水面空间分布信息的表达能力,有效克服了非灯光区估算结果高于背景值的现象。平均相关系数R由0.69提升到0.79,RMSE由0.17降至0.14。 相似文献
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With the rapid development of social economy in Chengdu, it is of great significance to analyze the accessibility of a public facilities resources, and services in respective regions for the spatial planning of public facilities and the optimization of urban construction in Chengdu. Most existing studies only consider the accessibility of a single public facility under a single transportation mode studying facilities at the same level. In this research, with the consideration of all these factors mentioned above, an improved 3-step floating catchment area (3SFCA) model of multi-transportation modes is introduced to analyze the accessibility and spatial distribution of multiple types of public facilities under multiple traffic modes. The new model classifies the grade of public facilities and calculates the service accessibility of public facilities under the driving, public transport, cycling, and walking modes in the five dimensions of education, medical care, commerce, transportation, and leisure in the central urban areas of Chengdu. Through the comparative analysis of multiple models, we found that the improved 3SFCA can more accurately evaluate the accessibility of all dimensions of public facilities in central urban areas of Chengdu. The accessibility of compound public facilities in the central city is excellent. With the gradual expansion to the outward areas, the diversity and accessibility of compound public facilities gradually decreases. Furthermore, the accessibility distribution of public facilities in the study area is not balanced. The accessibility between the central urban areas and the marginal areas differs greatly and the spatial differentiation is substantial. 相似文献
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基于改进的两步移动搜寻法的贫困区小学教育资源空间可达性分析——以重庆市黔江区为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对贫困区基础教育资源分布中出现的教育资源空间配置不合理等问题,以连片特困区一一武陵山片区的重庆市黔江区为例,以自然村尺度进行测算,重点研究并解决了贫困区教育资源空间布局现状的评估技术,以及两步移动搜寻法在农村贫困山区的关键技术改进和实现,并从供给和需求角度出发评价了教育资源的空间可达性。结果表明两步移动搜寻法适用于评估贫困山区教育资源的空间配置状况和分布情况;研究区教育可达性较高的地区不及需求总数的30％,分布在地形相对平坦,海拔较低的地区,服务范围内的学校多为中心校和实验小学,师资和占地面积优势大,但整体可达性并不理想。为相关部门有效配置教育资源,提出了“跑教”提升师资力量和恢复原有教学点等合理化建议。 相似文献
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Estimates of solar radiation distribution in urban areas are often limited by the complexity of urban environments. These limitations arise from spatial structures such as buildings and trees that affect spatial and temporal distributions of solar fluxes over urban surfaces. The traditional solar radiation models implemented in GIS can address this problem only partially. They can be adequately used only for 2‐D surfaces such as terrain and rooftops. However, vertical surfaces, such as facades, require a 3‐D approach. This study presents a new 3‐D solar radiation model for urban areas represented by 3‐D city models. The v.sun module implemented in GRASS GIS is based on the existing solar radiation methodology used in the topographic r.sun model with a new capability to process 3‐D vector data representing complex urban environments. The calculation procedure is based on the combined vector‐voxel approach segmenting the 3‐D vector objects to smaller polygon elements according to a voxel data structure of the volume region. The shadowing effects of surrounding objects are considered using a unique shadowing algorithm. The proposed model has been applied to the sample urban area with results showing strong spatial and temporal variations of solar radiation flows over complex urban surfaces. 相似文献
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Due to the population growth and continuous migration of people from rural areas to urban areas, it is important to identify the suitable locations for future development in order to find suitable sites for various kinds of facilities such as schools, hospital and fire stations for new and existing urban areas. Site suitability modelling is a complex process involving various kinds of objectives and issues. Such a complex process includes spatial analysis, use of several decision support tools such as high-spatial resolution remotely sensed data, geographical information system (GIS) and multi criteria analysis (MCA) such as analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and in some cases, prediction techniques like cellular automata (CA) or artificial neural networks (ANN). This paper presents a comparison between the results of AHP and the ordinary least square (OLS) evaluation model, based on various criteria, to select suitable sites for new hospitals in Qazvin city, Iran. Based on the obtained results, proximity to populated areas (0.3) and distance to air polluted areas (0.23–0.26) were the two highest important criteria with high weight value. The results show that these two techniques not only have similarity in size (in m2) for each suitability class but they also have similarity in spatial distribution of each class in the entire study area. Based on calculations of both techniques, 1–2%, 25%, 40–43%, 16–20% and 14% of study areas are assigned as ‘not suitable', ‘less suitable', ‘moderately suitable', ‘suitable' and ‘most suitable' areas for construction of new hospitals. Results revealed that a 75% similarity was found in the distribution of suitability classes in Qazvin city using both techniques. Nineteen per cent (19%) of the study area are assigned as ‘suitable' and ‘most suitable' by both methods, so these areas can be considered as safe or secure areas for clinical purposes. Moreover, almost all (99.8%) suitable areas are located in district 3, because of its higher population, less numbers of existing hospitals and large numbers of barren land plots of acceptable size. 相似文献
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城市功能结构的探索对人们理解城市及城市规划有着重要的作用。兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据作为城市设施的代表,被广泛应用于城市功能区提取。以往对城市功能区研究大多只考虑了POI统计信息,忽略了POI中丰富的空间分布信息,而POI空间分布特征与区域功能密切相关。本文利用空间共位模式挖掘方法挖掘POI潜在上下文关系,提取POI空间分布信息,构建区域特征向量,并进行区域聚类;再利用POI类别比例、居民的出行特征等对聚类结果进行识别。以北京市核心城市功能区为例,将研究结果与北京市百度地图、居民出行特征进行对比验证分析。试验表明,本文方法能识别出具有明显特征的城市功能区,如成熟的娱乐商业区、科教文化区、居住区等。同时,与基于POI语义信息的LDA方法及顾及POI线性空间关系的Word2Vec方法进行对比分析,证明了本文方法的优越性。 相似文献
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一直以来,由于区域发展差距大、教育投入不同、规划布局不合理等原因,造成了教育资源浪费或是教育质量受影响等问题。随着社会的进步,基础教育资源开始向均衡性发展。本文基于GIS模型对天津市5个区小学资源进行了公平性的均衡性研究,根据分析结果为小学资源的均衡发展和规划改善提供决策依据,对促进教育均衡化具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Abstract A community atlas is an effective method of promoting student‐centered, learning oriented instruction. It provides an integrated framework for teaching thematic interdisciplinary material and promotes collaborative work by students, whose efforts can be shared amongst themselves and with the community. This paper describes community atlas projects from three West Virginia middle schools, in which 320 students and five teachers participated. Younger and less structured students responded with more enthusiasm to the open‐ended nature of the assignment. Self‐disciplined students produced effective web pages combining images, maps, and non‐spatial information such as demographic tables and local perceptions. Although this project was a collaboration between a university and local middle schools, sufficient resources are available for teachers to implement community atlases without specialized assistance. 相似文献
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结合夜间灯光与城市统计数据,应用城市位序-规模法则及人地异速生长模型,初步分析了浙江人口分布及人地关系,考虑到人口增长的特征,提出了加入滞后效应的修正模型,对浙江城市群长期的发展展开了动态研究.研究结果表明,浙江城市群结构体系较为成熟,但是随着经济发展,城市首位度逐步提高,人口逐渐呈现聚集状态;浙江城市群中的杭州、宁波... 相似文献
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本文按照自然资源部对国土空间规划“一张图”的建设及现状评估的要求,对宜兴市的城镇建设适宜性进行评价。基于2017年和2018年的基础性地理国情普查监测数据,对宜兴市公共服务设施、医疗服务设施和义务教育资源进行提取、分析和统计,对比两年的变化趋势,得出宜兴市义务教育资源配置较合理,公共服务设施资源和医疗资源的建设有待进一步完善的结论。结果可为宜兴市城镇建设提供引导、支撑和保障,为城镇开发的空间布局规划适宜区,挖掘城镇建设的潜力,提高居民生活质量。 相似文献