共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
《测绘科学》2020,(3)
针对地表沉降与地下水储量变化相关性这一问题。该文选取华北地区这一地表沉降典型区域,①利用2003—2009年GRACE月重力场模型和全球陆地数据同化系统GLDAS-Noah模型求得华北地区地下水储量平均变化速率为-16±2 mm/a;②利用1999-2009年275个GPS站点垂直方向速度求得华北地区地表沉降平均速率为-30 mm/a;③结合2003—2009年中国地面2 472台站降水资料和WGHM全球水文模型进行分析。结果表明,华北地区地下水储量变化与年降水量的关系并不明显,地面沉降与降水量的相关性也不明显,但与地下水储量有着显著的关联,地表沉降严重地区的地下水储量下降趋势较大,华北地区地下水储量变化与地表沉降变化整体呈现下降趋势。 相似文献
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对融合PS与小基线InSAR技术提取的北京市583129个观测点2003-2009年28个时序的实际数据分析,结合北京市的第四系沉积物岩性与厚度分布情况,北京市地下水抽采地点与取水量等实际数据,分析了北京市平原地区2003-2009年的地面沉降的控制因素。得出了第四系沉积物岩性与厚度是控制地面沉降的地质内因,而人工抽采地下水是导致地面沉降的主要的人为外因。 相似文献
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地面沉降与地下水过量开采以及城市建设有关.测定地面沉降主要是采用水准测量方法,由于GPS技术的迅速发展,使得应用GPS技术测定地面沉降成为可能,GPS技术具有精度高、速度快、工作量小、全天候等特点.文中论述了应用GPS技术测定城市地面沉降的基本方法,通过对S市的4次定期观测,取得了有益的结果. 相似文献
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地下水的过量开采已导致京津冀地区出现严重的地面沉降,为了分析地下水与地面沉降之间的耦合关系,首先利用GRACE-FO数据与GLDAS数据反演出京津冀地区2016—2019年地下水变化时序;然后利用MCTSB-InSAR技术反演出该地区同时段的沉降变化时序。通过试验分别获取地下水与地面沉降的差分变化序列和变化趋势线,并引入非弹性存储系数分析地下水对地面沉降影响力的变化规律。结果表明:①当地下水迅速升高或降低时,地面沉降速率减小或增大;当地下水持续升高时,地面沉降接近停止。②沉降越严重的区域,地下水与地面沉降变化趋势的相关性越强。③由地下水变化引起沉降的能力,随沉降等级升高而变大,且该能力在不同沉降等级中随时间变化的趋势也不同。 相似文献
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针对潍北平原地区较为严重的地面沉降灾害,该文通过长序列地面沉降监测资料全面掌握了该地区地面沉降现状,为该地区地面沉降的预防治理提供科学依据.该文利用SBAS-InSAR技术对潍北平原地区2017年8月-2019年10月期间的Sentinel-1A数据进行了处理.基于水准测量数据对监测结果进行验证,获取了该区域的地面沉降时空分布特征,对沉降典型特征点的时序形变特征进行了分析,研究了地面沉降与地下水之间的相关性.结果表明:2017-2019年间最大沉降速率超过50(mm·a-1)的区域主要包括寿光市羊口镇、营里镇、侯镇,寒亭区大家洼镇、央子镇以及昌邑市龙池镇;地面沉降受地下水超采的影响较为显著,地面沉降漏斗与深层地下水降落漏斗分布特征基本一致. 相似文献
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简要介绍了北京东部区域地面沉降监测项目的主要工作,重点阐述了GPS技术在区域地面沉降监测中的应用,包括监测网布测、数据处理和沉降分析,最后总结了应用GPS监测地面沉降变化应注意的问题。 相似文献
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基于GIS的北京市生态环境质量监测与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以2006年TM、SPOT 4及QuickBird遥感影像为信息源,在地理信息系统与遥感技术的支持下,结合野外调查及其它辅助数据,运用生态环境状况评价技术规范,对北京市2006年的生态环境质量进行评价,并对2000年与2006年北京市生态环境变化进行动态分析.结果表明: 2006年北京市生态环境质量评价指数为59.707,处于良好等级;2000～2006年间,北京全市生态环境状况稳定保持在"良"的状态,总体变化不大,但北京市耕地面积减少了339.09 km2,城镇建设用地增加了285.24 km2,水域面积减少了118.98 km2,其主要原因是降水量的减少、城市化扩张以及人为因素影响. 相似文献
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针对京津高铁(北京段)存在的地面沉降问题,采用时序合成孔径雷达干涉技术获取研究区2010—2015年间地面沉降信息,结合地下水实测数据,采用交叉小波的方法探讨不同层位地下水位变化与地面沉降的关系,最后结合研究区内可压缩黏土层分布情况分析地面沉降与可压缩黏土层厚度的关系。结果表明:研究区年均沉降速率最大值为121 mm/a;地面沉降滞后承压水位变化9～10个月,滞后潜水位变化4个月;位于同个冲洪积扇控制范围的地面沉降速率随可压缩黏土层厚度的增加而增大。本研究对于科学有效防控不均匀地面沉降对线状地物的损害具有实用意义。 相似文献
10.
针对地表沉降与地下水变化之间的关系研究,助力资源开发与灾害防治之间突出矛盾的解决。该文利用GRACE/GRACE-FO卫星观测数据反演京津冀地区的地下水变化情况,利用Sentinel-1卫星观测结果,通过小基线集干涉测量技术(SBAS-InSAR)计算该区域的地面沉降速率,在地下水变化分析的基础上研究地下水变化与降雨的相关关系,并进而得到地表沉降与地下水变化的相关关系。结果表明,2003—2020年京津冀地区地下水储量呈减少趋势,变化速率达到-11.4 mm/a,降雨量年际变化较大,对地下水储量亏损存在影响;京津冀地区中,北京市地表形变相较于地下水变化滞后时间约为3个月,地下水变化与地表形变存在较高的相关性,二者相关系数达到0.758。 相似文献
11.
Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
C. Bhuiyan R.P. Singh F.N. Kogan 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006,8(4):289-302
The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw. 相似文献
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SVG是一种基于XML的用来描述二维矢量图形和矢量/栅格混合图形的标记语言,虽然SVG不是为了面向地理空间数据发布而制定的标准,但它的许多特性都能被广泛地应用到WebGIS中,从而实现矢量WebGIS。由于SVG通过简单的文本语句描述矢量图像,所以SVG通常数据量很小,并且SVG支持GZIP压缩,所以基于SVG构建WebGIS能减轻网络传输负载,加快地图显示速度。SVG内置了对JavaScript的支持,且SVG可通过DOM解析映像成内存中的树型结构,所以客户层可通过JavaScript对DOM的操作实现对地图的缩放、漫游、查询、图层控制等交互操作。 相似文献
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本文在讨论DDE技术的基础上，对MapInfo的DDE机制的实现作了探讨和分析。根据技园区域GIS的实际开发工作，介绍了利用DDE技术在MapInfo中成功地集成Foxpro和Autocad. 相似文献
14.
遥感技术在土地利用动态监测中的应用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
金时华 《测绘与空间地理信息》2006,29(1):98-101
主要论述遥感技术在土地监测中的应用,以某地区土地利用动态遥感监测研究项目的运作过程为例进行阐述。首先介绍了土地利用动态监测的具体内容和技术路线。其次,对数据预处理与信息采集的方法与手段进行了探讨。最后,对作业的内、外业主要过程以及应提交的成果作了介绍。 相似文献
15.
地理数据库的关系模型及其实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。 相似文献
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Automatic 3D extraction of building roofs from remotely sensed data is important for many applications including city modelling. This paper proposes a new method for automatic 3D roof extraction through an effective integration of LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data and multispectral orthoimagery. Using the ground height from a DEM (Digital Elevation Model), the raw LIDAR points are separated into two groups. The first group contains the ground points that are exploited to constitute a ‘ground mask’. The second group contains the non-ground points which are segmented using an innovative image line guided segmentation technique to extract the roof planes. The image lines are extracted from the grey-scale version of the orthoimage and then classified into several classes such as ‘ground’, ‘tree’, ‘roof edge’ and ‘roof ridge’ using the ground mask and colour and texture information from the orthoimagery. During segmentation of the non-ground LIDAR points, the lines from the latter two classes are used as baselines to locate the nearby LIDAR points of the neighbouring planes. For each plane a robust seed region is thereby defined using the nearby non-ground LIDAR points of a baseline and this region is iteratively grown to extract the complete roof plane. Finally, a newly proposed rule-based procedure is applied to remove planes constructed on trees. Experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully remove vegetation and so offers high extraction rates. 相似文献
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遥感和GIS技术应用于伊拉克南部Basrah省土地利用/覆盖变化及城市扩张研究(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In recent years, land use/cover dynamic change has become a key subject that needs to be dealt with in the study of global
environmental change. In this paper, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are integrated to monitor, map,
and quantify the land use/cover change in the southern part of Iraq (Basrah Province was taken as a case) by using a 1:250
000 mapping scale. Remote sensing and GIS software were used to classify Landsat TM in 1990 and Landsat ETM+ in 2003 imagery
into five land use and land cover (LULC) classes: vegetation, sand, urban area, unused land, and water bodies. Supervised
classification and normalized difference build-up index (NDBI) were used respectively to retrieve its urban boundary. An accuracy
assessment was performed on the 2003 LULC map to determine the reliability of the map. Finally, GIS software was used to quantify
and illustrate the various LULC conversions that took place over the 13-year span of time. Results showed that the urban area
had increased by the rate of 1.2% per year, with area expansion from 3 299.1 km2 in 1990 to 3 794.9 km2 in 2003. Large vegetation area in the north and southeast were converted into urban construction land. The land use/cover
changes of Basrah Province were mainly caused by rapid development of the urban economy and population immigration from the
countryside. In addition, the former government policy of “returning farmland to transportation and huge expansion in military
camps” was the major driving force for vegetation land change. The paper concludes that remote sensing and GIS can be used
to create LULC maps. It also notes that the maps generated can be used to delineate the changes that take place over time.
Supported by the Al-Basrah University, Iraq, the Geo-information Science and Technology Program (No. IRT 0438)China). 相似文献
19.
随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。 相似文献
20.
We aim a better understanding of the effect of spring-time snow melt on the remotely sensed scene reflectance by using an extensive amount of optical spectral data obtained from an airborne hyperspectral campaign in Northern Finland. We investigate the behaviour of thin snow reflectance for different land cover types, such as open areas, boreal forests and treeless fells. Our results not only confirm the generally known fact that the reflectance of a melting thin snow layer is considerably lower than that of a thick snow layer, but we also present analyses of the reflectance variation over different land covers and in boreal forests as a function of canopy coverage. According to common knowledge, the highly variating reflectance spectra of partially transparent, most likely also contaminated thin snow pack weakens the performance of snow detection algorithms, in particular in the mapping of Fractional Snow Cover (FSC) during the end of the melting period. The obtained results directly support further development of the SCAmod algorithm for FSC retrieval, and can be likewise applied to develop other algorithms for optical satellite data (e.g. spectral unmixing methods), and to perform accuracy assessments for snow detection algorithms.A useful part of this work is the investigation of the competence of Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) in snow detection in late spring, since it is widely used in snow mapping. We conclude, based on the spectral data analysis, that the NDSI -based snow mapping is more accurate in open areas than in forests. However, at the very end of the snow melting period the behavior of the NDSI becomes more unstable and unpredictable in non-forests with shallow snow, increasing the inaccuracy also in non-forested areas. For instance in peatbogs covered by melting snow layer (snow depth < 30 cm) the mean NDSI -0.6 was observed, having coefficient of variation as high as 70%, whereas for deeper snow packs the mean NDSI shows positive values. 相似文献