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地下水资源计算工作涉及问题较多,特别是山丘区地下水资源计算方法异议较大:水文工作者往往采用基流切割方法,以基流量作为山丘区的地下水资源量;而水文地质工作者则强调地质结构;还有些搞地下水资源评价的工作者在山丘区根据不同的岩性,以“泉域”或 相似文献
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南水北调总体战略与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张有实 《地球信息科学学报》1996,(2):47-51
黄土高原和黄淮海平原是一个大缺水系统,南水北调势在必行 黄河是贯穿黄土高原和黄淮海平原的大动脉,使黄土高原和黄淮海平原的缺水形成了一个大缺水系统。 20世纪80年代后半期,黄河的工农业用水量已达271亿立方米,再加上冲刷黄河下游和河口泥沙淤积的用水量200亿立方米,总共达471亿立方米。黄河多年平均天然年径流量约560亿立方米,多年平均可利用水量的潜力已不到100亿立方米。 相似文献
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刘志宏 《资源导刊(河南)》2014,(5):76-79
兰州是丝路文化、黄土高原文化、青藏高原文化、黄河文化的交汇处。黄河文化作为兰州本土文化的一个重要内容,兰州黄河石是展现兰州黄河文化的重要载体。 相似文献
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Lu Jinghua Chen Gangyi 《成都信息工程学院学报》1989,(1)
本文采用地形活动坐标系,研究在二维运动条件下地形对局地天气气候的影响。指出:地形对气流的影响不仅与地形高度z有关,而且与地形的坡度α,下垫面的热力分布,近地层大气稳定度г,垂直交换系数k以及基流v等诸因素密切相关。其中下垫面温差,地形坡度和基流尤为重要。 相似文献
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山西永和黄河蛇曲国家地质公园位于山西省西南部、晋陕大峡谷南部地段的黄河沿线,以永和县境内黄河干流上七个巨大的河流蛇曲为主体,是我国干流河道上蛇曲发育规模最大、保存最完好、最密集的蛇曲群。也是研究黄河中游演化发育史、黄土高原形成、第四纪古气候的演化的天然实验室。 相似文献
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Study results on changes of rivers, lakes and coastlines have great significance for water resource exploitation, land use
planning, industry, and agriculture.
Recognition of traces of changed water areas can be done more quickly and correctly by processing multitime and multi-type
remote sensing data and image matching and enhancement with computer and optical equipments than by using conventional methods.
Features of water area changes in ancient times can be recoverd by comparing Landsat data and airphotos with historical records.
Remote sensing technique is very efficient for monitoring short-term quantitative changes of water areas.
Systematic analysis of the remote sensing data of this region shows that river changes have become less frequent, that the
area of lakes has decreased year by year, and that the coast line at the river mouth has continually moved seaward. Huanghe
river activity caused changes of water areas here in ancient times. But human activities have been playing an increasingly
important role in modern times. 相似文献
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Multiple time scale analysis of river runoff using wavelet transform for Dagujia River Basin, Yantai, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Based on monOdy river runoff and meteorological data, a method of Morlet wavelet transform was used to analyze the multiple time scale characteristics of river runoffin the Dagnjia River Basin, Yantai City, Shandong Province. The results showed that the total annual river runoff in the Dagujia River Basin decreased significantly from 1966 to 2004, and the rate of decrease was 48×106m3/10yr, which was higher than the mean value of most rivers in China. Multiple time scale characteristics existed, which accounted for different aspects of the changes in annual river runoff, and the major periods of the runoff time series were identified as about 28 years, 14 years and 4 years with decreasing levels of fluctuation. The river runoff evolution process was controlled by changes in precipitation to a certain extent, but it was also greatly influenced by human activities. Also, for different time periods and scales, the impacts of climate changes and human activities on annual river runoff evolution occurred at the same time. Changes in the annual river runoffwere mainly associated with climate change before the 1980s and with human activities after 1981. 相似文献
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An approach to the age of Huanghe River in shelf regions of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
There are two different opinions on the formation history of Huanghe （Yellow） River. One postulates that Huanghe River might have come into existence before Tertiary. The other supposes that it joined up into a long river only in the last stage of Late Pleistocene. The appearance of Huanghe River is believed to have close relation to the uplifting of Tibetan Plateau. It is not likely that it could have come into being before its high elevation riverhead was formed. Today Huanghe River occurred probably during the recession of the sea in glacial periods. In the last glacial age, the climate was very harsh in the area north of the modern estuary of Changjiang （Yangtse） River; some areas were permafrost and the others barren deserts. At that time, eolation was the major exogenic force on exposed shelf. Beginning from 12 Ka BP, the global climate warmed up, resulting in gradual disappearance of continental mountain glaciers retreated, and sea level rose. Consequently, Huanghe River was replenished with water to become modern river system. With continued rising of sea level, Huanghe River delta moved continuously eastward. 相似文献
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Based on the data from gauging stations,the changes in water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe (Yellow)River were analyzed by using the empirical mode decomposition(EMD)method.The results show that the periodic oscillation of water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe River occurs at the interannual,decadal,and multi-decadal scales,caused by the periodic oscillations of precipitation,and El Nio/Southern Oscillation(ENSO)affects water discharge by influencing precipitation distribution and contributes to periodic varations in precipitation and water discharge at interannual timescale.The water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe River have decreased since the 1960s under the influence of precipitation and huamn activities,and human activities attribute more than precipitation to the reduction in the water discharge and sediment load,furthermore,water abstraction and water-soil conservation practices are the main causes of the decrease in water discharge and sediment load,respectively.The reduction in sediment load has directly impacted on the lower reaches of the Huanghe River and the river delta, causing considerable erosion of the river channel in the lower reaches since the 1970s along with River Delta changing siltation into erosion around 2000. 相似文献
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Ｉ．ＧＲＡＩＮＳＩＺＥＯＦＬＯＡＤ１．ＧｒａｉｎＳｉｚｅｏｆＬｏａｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＨｕａｎｇｈｅＲｉｖｅｒＴｈｅｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄｌｏａｄｓａｍｐｌｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＨｕａｎｇｈｅＲｉｖｅｒｍａｉｎｌｙｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅｓｓｉｌｔｗｈｏｓｅｃｏｎｔｅｎ... 相似文献
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According to the analysis of grain size, mineral composition and inclusion in quartz grain of the suspended and bed load sampled
from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and the Huanghe (Yellow) River, the authors reveal the differentiation of loads between
the two rivers. In the Huanghe River the size of suspended load is coarser than that in the Changjiang River, while the bed
load is on the contrary. Through heavy mineral analysis, the biotite content of the Huanghe River loads is much higher than
that of the Changjiang River, and the monomorillonite content of the former is about two times higher than the latter. All
those may be attributed to the effects of different material sources and hydraulic conditions on load. The analysis of inclusion
in quartz grain definitely illustrates the environmental difference of material sources between the two rivers. In the meantime,
it provides a new method in seeking source of river load.
Subsidized by the National Natural Science Foundation. This paper is attributed to careful guidance from Prof. Wang Ying &
Prof. Shi Yunliang. 相似文献
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I INTRODUCTIONNatllral environment and water transform in theworld have changed faster and faster under the effect ofhuman activities. The study on effect of human activities to hydrological processes, and its extent and tendency has been more and more important as one of theresearch projects of hydrology in the world (RAI et al.,1998, BASS et al., 1998, WANGet al.,, 1998; HILLet al., 1998; LIU, 1997). It became one of the mainresearch program of international Hydrological Decade(… 相似文献
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Influences of large-scale climatic phenomena, such as the E1Nifio/La Nifia-Southem Oscillation （ENSO） and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）, on the temporal variations of the annual water discharge at the Lijin station in the Huanghe （Yellow） River and at the Datong station in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River were examined. Using the empirical mode decomposition-maximum entropy spectral analysis （EMD- MESA） method, the 2- to 3-year, 8- to 14-year, and 23-year cyclical variations of the annual water discharge at the two stations were discovered. Based on the analysis results, the hydrological time series on the inter- annual to interdecadal scales were constructed. The results indicate that from 1950 to 2011, a significant downward trend occurred in the natural annual water discharge in Huanghe River. However, the changes in water discharge in Changjiang River basin exhibited a slightly upward trend. It indicated that the changes in the river discharge in the Huanghe basin were driven primarily by precipitation. Other factors, such as the precipitation over the Changjiang River tributaries, ice melt and evaporation contributed much more to the increase in the Changjiang River basin. Especially, the impacts of the inter-annual and inter-decadal climate oscillations such as ENSO and PDO could change the long-term patterns of precipitation over the basins of the two major rivers. Generally, low amounts of basin-wide precipitation on interannual to interdecadal scales over the two rivers corresponded to most of the warm ENSO events and the warm phases of the PDO, and vice versa. The positive phases of the PDO and ENSO could lead to reduced precipitation and consequently affect the long-term scale water discharges at the two rivers. 相似文献
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Global carbon cycling is a significant factor that controls climate change.The centennial-scale variations in total organic carbon(TOC)contents and its sources in marginal sea sediments may reflect the influence of human activities on global climate change.In this study,two fine-grained sediment cores from the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass of the South Yellow Sea were used to systematically determine TOC contents and stable carbon isotope ratios.These results were combined with previous data of black carbon and (210)~Pb dating from which we reconstructed the centennial-scale initial sequences of TOC,terrigenous TOC(TOC_(ter))and marine autogenous TOC(TOC_(mar))after selecting suitable models to correct the measured TOC(TOC_(cor)).These sequences showed that the TOC_(ter) decreased with time in the both cores while the TOC_(mar) increased,particularly the rapid growth in core H43 since the late 1960s.According to the correlation between the Huanghe(Yellow)River discharge and the TOC_(cor),TOC_(ter),or TOC_(mar),we found that the TOC_(ter) in the two cores mainly derived from the Huanghe River and was transported by it,and that higher Huanghe River discharge could strengthen the decomposition of TOC_(mar).The newly obtained initial TOC sequences provide important insights into the interaction between human activities and natural processes. 相似文献
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Ma Yanyan Li Guangxue Ye Siyuan Zhang Zhiheng Zhao Guangming Li Jingyang Zhou Chunyan Ding Wenjie Yang Xin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,28(6):1362-1370
The water and sediment discharge regulation (WSDR) project, which has been performed since 2002 before flood season every
year, is of great significance to the river management in China. Until 2007, six experiments have been fulfilled to evaluate
the effect of the project on the natural environment. To fill the gap of investigations, a study on flood and suspended sediment
transportation and channel changing along the distributary channel of the Huanghe (Yellow) River was conducted during the
WSDR project period in 2007. The lower channel was scoured rapidly and the channel became unobstructed gradually several days
after the flood peak water was discharged from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. Within four days after the flood peak at 3 000 m3/s entered the distributary, the channel in the river mouth area was eroded quickly. Both the mean values of area and depth
of the main channel were tripled, and the maximum flood carrying capacity increased to 5 500 m3/s or more. Then, the river channel was silted anew in a very short time after completion of the WSDR. Favored by the WSDR
project, the river status in April 2008 became better than that of the year before. The adjustment ranges of main channel
parameters were about 30%, 10%, and 10% at sections C2, Q4, and Q7, respectively. The process of rapid erosion-deposition
was more active 15 km away in the channel from the river mouth due to the marine influence. It is reasonable for discharging
sediment at concentration peak from Xiaolangdi Reservoir at the end of the flood peak. As a result, the sediment peak reached
the river mouth about two days later than that of the water current. In addition, the WSDR project has improved the development
of the estuarine wetland. Wetland vegetation planted along the river banks restrained the water flow as a strainer and improved
the main channel stability. It is suggested to draw water at mean rate of 150 m3/s from the Huanghe River during flood periods, because at the rate the water in the wetland would be stored and replenished
in balance. Moreover, we believe that cropland on the river shoal of the lower Huanghe River should be replaced by wetland.
These activities should achieve the Huanghe River management strategy of “To concentrate flow to scour sediment, stabilize
the main channel, and regulate water and sediment”. 相似文献