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1.
Nano-sized zinc oxide (nZnO) particles are one kind of the most commonly used metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs). This study compared the cytotoxic and embryotoxic effects of three increasing sized ZnO particles (? 30 nm, 80-150 nm and 2 μm) in the flounder gill (FG) cells and zebrafish embryos, and analyzed the contribution of size, agglomeration and released Zn2+ to the toxic effects. All the tested ZnO particles were found to be highly toxic to both FG cells and zebrafish embryos. They induced growth inhibition, LDH release, morphological changes and apoptosis in FG cells in a concentration-, size- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the release of LDH from the exposed FG cells into the medium occurred before the observable morphological changes happened. The ultrasonication treatment and addition of serum favored the dispersion of ZnO particles and alleviated the agglomeration, thus significantly increased the corresponding cytotoxicity. The released Zn2+ ions from ZnO particles into the extracellular medium only partially contributed to the cytotoxicity. All the three sizes of ZnO particles tested induced developmental malformations, decrease of hatching rates and lethality in zebrafish embryos, but size- and concentration- dependent toxic effects were not so obvious as in FG cells possibly due to the easy aggregation of ZnO particles in freshwater. In conclusion, both FG cells and zebrafish embryos are sensitive bioassay systems for safety assessment of ZnO particles and the environmental release of ZnO particles should be closely monitored as far as the safety of aquatic organisms is concerned. 相似文献
2.
The toxic mechanism of herbicide butachlor to induce extremely high lethality in marine flatfish flounder, Paralichthys Olivaceus, was analyzed by histopathological examination, antioxidant enzymes activities and ATP content assay. Histopathological examination of gill, liver and kidney of exposed fishes showed that gill was a target organ of butachlor. The butachlor seriously impaired the respiration of gills by a series of lesions such as edema, lifting and detachment of lamellar epithelium, breakdown of pillar cells, and blood congestion. The dysfunction of gill respiration caused suffocation to the exposed flounder with extremely high acute lethality. Antioxidant enzyme activity assay of the in vitro cultured flounder gill(FG)cells exposed to butachlor indicated that butachlor markedly inhibited the antioxidant enzyme activities of Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GPX). Furthermore, along with the decline of antioxidant enzyme activities, ATP content in the exposed FG cells decreased, too. This infers that the oxidative stress induced by butachlor can inhibit the production of cellular ATP. Similar decrease of ATP content was also observed in the exposed flounder gill tissues. Taken together, as in FG cells, butachlor possibly induced a short supply of ATP in pillar cells by inhibiting the antioxidant enzyme activities and then affecting the contractibility of the pillar cells, which in turn resulted in the blood congestion and suffocation of exposed flounder. 相似文献
3.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2010,(3)
The toxic mechanism of herbicide butachlor to induce extremely high lethality in marine flatfish flounder,Paralichthys Olivaceus,was analyzed by histopathological examination,antioxidant enzymes activities and ATP content assay.Histopathological examination of gill,liver and kidney of exposed fishes showed that gill was a target organ of butachlor.The butachlor seriously impaired the respiration of gills by a series of lesions such as edema,lifting and detachment of lamellar epithelium,breakdown of pillar cells,and blood congestion.The dysfunction of gill respiration caused suffocation to the exposed flounder with extremely high acute lethality.Antioxidant enzyme activity assay of the in vitro cultured flounder gill(FG) cells exposed to butachlor indicated that butachlor markedly inhibited the antioxidant enzyme activities of Superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GPX).Furthermore,along with the decline of antioxidant enzyme activities,ATP content in the exposed FG cells decreased,too.This infers that the oxidative stress induced by butachlor can inhibit the production of cellular ATP.Similar decrease of ATP content was also observed in the exposed flounder gill tissues.Taken together,as in FG cells,butachlor possibly induced a short supply of ATP in pillar cells by inhibiting the antioxidant enzyme activities and then affecting the contractibility of the pillar cells,which in turn resulted in the blood congestion and suffocation of exposed flounder. 相似文献
4.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｅｄｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅｓｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｅｄａｃｌｏｓｅｃｏｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｎｅｏｐｌａｓｔｉｃｄｉｓｅａｓｅｏｆａｑｕａｔｉｃｏｒ ｇａｎｉｓｍｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｒｅｌｅａｓｅｏｆｇｅｎｏｔｏｘｉｎｓｂｙａｎｔｈｒｏｐｏｇｅｎｉｃａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｏａｑｕａｔｉｃｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ(Ｍｉｘ ,1 986;Ｇａｒｄｎｅｒｅｔａｌ.,1 991 ;ＧＥＳＡＭＰ ,1 991 ) .Ｉｔｈａｓ,ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ,ｂｅｃｏｍｅｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏｅ… 相似文献
5.
A continuous marine fish cell line RSBF(i.e.Red Sea Bream Fin)was utilized to screen the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of polyethylenimine(PEI)and nickel cholride(NiCl2)in this study on the deleterious effects of aquatic genotoxins on fish.At the 0.01 to 1μgml concentration tested,PEI had acute toxicity to the treated RSBF cells(IC50=1.12,0.92,0.88 and 0.64μg/ml PEI for time 0 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h after treatment,respectively)and markedly inhibited their proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.At the 0.001 to 5 μmol/L concentration tested,NiCl2 posed no acute toxicity but significantly stimulated their growth(107?214?of control).Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was used to detect the genotoxic effects of PEI and NiCl2 by comparing the RAPD banding patterns of the control and treated cells.RAPD analysis indicated that at the concentrations tested,PEI was more genotoxic than NiCl2 to RSBF cells;that there was a slight dose-dependent response in the genotoxic effect of PEI bue not NiCl2;and that RAPD technique might provide a sensitive,non-specif-ic gentoxic endpoint.And the potent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PEI on fish cells showed that we should be cautious in utilizing it as gene vector in fish gene transfer and human gene therapy. 相似文献
6.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,(5)
Lymphocystis disease virus(LCDV) infects target cells by attaching to a 27.8 k Da receptor(27.8R) protein in flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, and anti-27.8R monoclonal antibodies(MAbs) have been developed. However, the 27.8R existence in tissues of sea bass(Lateolabrax japonicus) and its role in LCDV infection have remained unclear. In this study, the results of western blotting demonstrated that the same 27.8R was shared by flounder and sea bass. LCDV-free sea bass individuals were intramuscularly injected with LCDV, and viral copies were detected in tissues from 3 h post infection and showed a time-dependent increase during 9 days infection. Distribution and synthesis of 27.8R in sea bass tissues were investigated by using anti-27.8R MAbs as probes. It was found that 27.8R was distributed in all the tested tissues. The levels of 27.8R protein were highest in gill and skin, then a bit lowly in stomach, head kidney and heart, followed by spleen, intestine, blood cells, gonad and liver, and least in kidney and brain in healthy sea bass. Upon LCDV infection, 27.8R synthesis was up-regulated in each tissue, and higher in the tissues with higher LCDV copies. The 27.8R and LCDV were detected in some peripheral blood leukocytes but not in red blood cells. These results suggested that 27.8R was widely distributed in sea bass tissues, and it served as a receptor and correlated with tissue tropism of LCDV infection. Furthermore, leukocytes had the potential of being a LCDV carrier and were responsible for a systemic infection of LCDV in sea bass. 相似文献
7.
3种江珧同工酶遗传标记 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对江珧科的栉江珧、旗江珧及二色裂江珧三物种的 5种组织 (消化盲囊、肾组织、外套膜、后闭壳肌和鳃组织 )进行垂直板状聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离技术 ,研究江珧科的 SOD、EST同工酶酶谱 ,结果表明 ,不同种间的个体其酶谱表型有稳定的差异 ,同属的种间差异小于不同属的种间差异 ,即酶谱的差异程度与形态分类学中的亲缘关系相关。可利用其酶谱表型具有种特异性作为一种蛋白分子标记 ,应用于江珧物种尤其是经济品种的鉴定上 相似文献
8.
We isolated a strain of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) from Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) cultured in northern China. Based on published sequences of major capsid protein (MCP) gene of LCDV-cn (GenBank: AF126405),
we designed two primer sets P1/P2 and P3/P4. We then used one-step or nested PCR and in-situ hybridization (ISH) to detect
LCDV and identify the target tissues or cells in infected Japanese flounder. The PCR products were positive in purified viral
supernatant, skin nodules, gut, gill, kidney, spleen, stomach, heart, and liver of Japanese flounder. We compared the DNA
sequence with 14 MCP nucleotide sequences from GenBank, including Megalocytivirus (OFIV and RSIV), Iridovirus (CzIV and WIV), Ranavirus (TFV and FV3), and Lymphocystivirus (8 LCDV). Based on the alignment, we confirmed the PCR product was from Lymphocystivirus (GenBank accession number DQ279090 (LCDV-HD)). Using ISH, we noted the presence of LCDV in the skin nodules, gut, gill, spleen,
stomach, and heart of spontaneously infected Japanese flounders. We successfully amplified LCDV fragments from Schlegel’s
black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli Higendorf), redwing sea robin (Lepidotrigla microptera Günther) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) using the one-step and nested PCR, suggesting the target genes can be widely detected in fish using this method. 相似文献
9.
Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) infects target cells by attaching to a 27.8 kDa receptor (27.8R) protein in flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, and anti-27.8R monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been developed. However, the 27.8R existence in tissues of sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) and its role in LCDV infection have remained unclear. In this study, the results of western blotting demonstrated that the same 27.8R was shared by flounder and sea bass. LCDV-free sea bass individuals were intramuscularly injected with LCDV, and viral copies were detected in tissues from 3 h post infection and showed a time-dependent increase during 9 days infection. Distribution and synthesis of 27.8R in sea bass tissues were investigated by using anti-27.8R MAbs as probes. It was found that 27.8R was distributed in all the tested tissues. The levels of 27.8R protein were highest in gill and skin, then a bit lowly in stomach, head kidney and heart, followed by spleen, intestine, blood cells, gonad and liver, and least in kidney and brain in healthy sea bass. Upon LCDV infection, 27.8R synthesis was up-regulated in each tissue, and higher in the tissues with higher LCDV copies. The 27.8R and LCDV were detected in some peripheral blood leukocytes but not in red blood cells. These results suggested that 27.8R was widely distributed in sea bass tissues, and it served as a receptor and correlated with tissue tropism of LCDV infection. Furthermore, leukocytes had the potential of being a LCDV carrier and were responsible for a systemic infection of LCDV in sea bass. 相似文献
10.
李令华 《广东海洋大学学报》2008,28(2):6-11
介绍了南海周边国家根据1982年《联合国海洋法公约》精神颁布的海洋法律,并叙述了这些国家的管辖区域主张以及与海洋划界有关的领海基线和基点等方面的问题。指出:南海周边国家之间若要划出专属经济区和大陆架边界线,包括我国在内的所有周边国家政府都应当修正不适宜的划界主张,并在划界原则、理论和方法上趋向一致,为早日划好边界,促进南海地区的经济发展和和平稳定而努力。 相似文献
11.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＰｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｐｏｓｅｓａｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｔｈｒｅａｔｔｏｍａｒｉｎｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓａｎｄｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅｌｙｔｈｅｅｎｔｉｒｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ.Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ,ｏｒｇａｎｏｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｏｕｓ(ＯＰ)ｐｅｓｔｉｃｉｄｅｓｈａｖｅｌａｒｇｅｌｙｒｅｐｌａｃｅｄｏｒｇａｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｉｎｅｐｅｓｔｉｃｉｄｅｓｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｒａｐｉｄｂｒｅａｋｄｏｗｎｉｎｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｌｏｗｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａ… 相似文献
12.
Lymphocystis disease, caused by the lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV), is a significant worldwide problem in fish industry
causing substantial economic losses. In this study, we aimed to develop the DNA vaccine against LCDV, using DNA vaccination
technology. We evaluated plasmid pEGFP-N2-LCDV1.3 kb as a DNA vaccine candidate. The plasmid DNA was transiently expressed
after liposome transfection into the eukaryotic COS 7 cell line. The distribution and expression of the DNA vaccine (pEGFP-N2-LCDV1.3kb)
were also analyzed in tissues of the vaccinated Japanese flounder by PCR, RT-PCR and fluorescent microscopy. Results from
PCR analysis indicated that the vaccine-containing plasmids were distributed in injected muscle, the muscle opposite the injection
site, the hind intestine, gill, spleen, head, kidney and liver, 6 and 25 days after vaccination. The vaccine plasmids disappeared
100 d post-vaccination. Fluorescent microscopy revealed green fluorescence in the injected muscle, the muscle opposite the
injection site, the hind intestine, gill, spleen, head, kidney and liver of fish 48 h post-vaccination, green fluorescence
did not appear in the control treated tissue. Green fluorescence became weak at 60 days post-vaccination. RT-PCR analysis
indicated that the mcp gene was expressed in all tested tissues of vaccinated fish 6–50 days post-vaccination. These results demonstrate that the
antigen encoded by the DNA vaccine is distributed and expressed in all of the tissues analyzed in the vaccinated fish. The
antigen would therefore potentially initiate a specific immune response. the plasmid DNA was injected into Japanese flounder
(Paralichthys olivaceus) intramuscularly and antibodies against LCDV were evaluated. The results indicate that the plasmid encoded DNA vaccine could
induce an immune response to LCDV and would therefore offer immune protection against LCD. Further studies are required for
the development and application of this promising DNA vaccine. 相似文献
13.
取二色裂江珧 (Pinna bicolor)的消化盲囊、肾脏、后闭壳肌肌肉、外套膜和鳃等 5种组织 ,用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对酯酶 (EST)和过氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)同工酶在上述组织中的表达和分布进行了比较研究 ,并对酶谱表型及位点表达进行了分析。结果表明 ,二色裂江珧组织内的 EST和 SOD存在不同程度的组织特异性 ,EST共检测出 15条酶带 ,SOD检测出 8条酶带 ,且两种同工酶在消化盲囊中活性最高。推测 SOD由 2个座位编码 ,可分为 s- SOD二聚体和 m- SOD四聚体 相似文献
14.
花胚胎发育及仔鱼阶段同工酶的初步分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
<正>鱼类胚胎发育是一个复杂而有序的系统工程,是基因时空综合表达结果。已有的研究证明:机体在生长发育过程中会发生一系列复杂的同工酶时空表达变化,它是基因特异性表达的一种主要作用形式。同工酶研究是研究鱼类个体发育的有力手段之一, 相似文献
15.
Yingchun Lv Rong Zheng Tao Zuo Yuming Wang Zhaojie Li Yong Xue Changhu Xue Qingjuan Tang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(5):825-829
Sea cucumbers are traditional marine food and Chinese medicine in Asia. The rapid expansion of sea cucumber market has resulted in various problems, such as commercial fraud and mislabeling. Conventionally, sea cucumber species could be distinguished by their morphological and anatomical characteristics; however, their identification becomes difficult when they are processed. The aim of this study was to develop a new convenient method of identifying and distinguishing sea cucumber species. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) was used to identifing five sea cucumber species (Apostichopus japonicus, Cucumaria frondosa, Thelenota ananas, Parastichopus californicus and Actinopyga lecanora). A 692 bp fragment of COI was searched for BamHI, KpnI, PstI, XbaI and Eco31I restriction sites with DNAMAN 6.0, which were then used to PCR-RFLP analysis. These five sea cucumber species can be discriminated from mixed sea cucumbers. The developed PCR-RFLP assay will facilitate the identification of sea cucumbers, making their source tracing and quality controlling feasible. 相似文献
16.
YOU Feng WANG Wei XU Dongdong ZHU Xiangping NI Jing WU Zhihao XU Yongli WANG Xincheng ZHANG Peijun 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(2)
The hybrid between olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus was produced by artificial insemination of olive flounder eggs with stone flounder Sperm. Sinistral and dextral are two types of hybrid progeny after metamorphosis. Karyotypes of both hybrid flounders are the same as those of the two parental species. Of the 22 loci examined from 12 allozymes,12 confirmed hybridization of the paternal and matemal loci in hybrids and no difference was found in allozyme patterns of sinistral and dextral hybrid fishes. RAPD patterns of these specimens were also studied with 38 primers selected from 104 tested. Among them, the PCR products of 30 primers showed hybridization of the paternal and maternal bands. Genetic variation between hybrids and their parental stocks was analyzed by RAPD using 10 of the above 38 primers. The average heterozygosity and genetic distance were calculated. The results suggested that the filial generation could inherit a little more genetic materials from paternal fish than that from maternal fish. 相似文献
17.
采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板梯度凝胶电泳技术,对管角螺7种组织(外套膜、肌肉、肝脏、心脏、生殖腺和缠卵腺)的5种同工酶(EST、SOD、ME、MDH、LDH)进行了分析,结果表明:5种同工酶存在不同程度的组织特异性,SOD、EST、LDH在肝脏组织中有较高活性,而MDH、ME在心脏组织中活性较高。 相似文献
18.
Hybrids between olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus： karyotype, allozyme and RAPD analyses 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The hybrid between olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus was produced by artificial insemination of olive flounder eggs with stone flounder sperm. Sinistral and dextral are two types
of hybrid progeny after metamorphosis. Karyotypes of both hybrid flounders are the same as those of the two parental species.
Of the 22 loci examined from 12 allozymes, 12 confirmed hybridization of the paternal and maternal loci in hybrids and no
difference was found in allozyme patterns of sinistral and dextral hybrid fishes. RAPD patterns of these specimens were also
studied with 38 primers selected from 104 tested. Among them, the PCR products of 30 primers showed hybridization of the paternal
and maternal bands. Genetic variation between hybrids and their parental stocks was analyzed by RAPD using 10 of the above
38 primers. The average heterozygosity and genetic distance were calculated. The results suggested that the filial generation
could inherit a little more genetic materials from paternal fish than that from maternal fish.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30571445), National High-Technology Research and Development
Program (863 Program, No. 2006AA10A404), and Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2006DKA30470-017) 相似文献
19.
Abstract Zinc （Zn） and copper （Cu） concentrations were determined in the tissues （muscle, stomach, liver, gills, skin, and gonads） of five commercial fish species （mullet Liza haematocheilus, flathead Platycephalus indicus, mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, silver pomfret Pampus argenteus, and sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus） from Laizhou Bay in the Bohai Sea. Metal bioaccumulation was highest in the metabolically active tissues of the gonads and liver. Bioconcentration factors for Zn were higher in all tissues （gonads 44.35, stomach 7.73, gills 7.72, liver 5.61, skin 4.88, and muscle 1.63） than the corresponding values for Cu （gonads 3.50, stomach 3.00, gills 1.60, liver 5.43, skin 1.50, and muscle 0.93）. Mackerel tissues accumulated metal to higher concentrations than did other fish species, but bioaccumulation levels were not significantly correlated with the trophic levels of the fish. Zn and Cu concentrations in the tissues were generally negatively correlated with fish length, except for a few tissues of sea bass. Risk assessment based on national and international permissible limits and provisional tolerances for weekly intake of Zn and Cu revealed that the concentrations of these two metals in muscle were relatively low and would not pose hazards to human health. 相似文献
20.
北极海冰范围时空变化及其与海温气温间的数值分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用美国国家冰雪中心提供的1989-2014年海冰范围资料,分析了北极海冰范围的年际变化和季节变化规律。分析发现,北极海冰范围呈减少趋势,每年减小