Carbon isotope characteristics of the diaromatic carotenoid, isorenieratene (intact and sulfide-bound) and a novel isomer in sediments     

Anke Putschew  Philippe Schaeffer  Christine Schaeffer-Reiss  James R Maxwell 《Organic Geochemistry》1998,29(8):1849-1856

Messinian marls from evaporitic cycle IV of the Gessoso-solfifera formation (Italy) are known to contain in high abundance the diaromatic carotenoid isorenieratene of green sulfur bacterial (Chlorobiaceae) origin along with a second diaromatic carotenoid. The previous tentative assignment of the latter as a cis diastereomer of isorenieratene has now been confirmed; this indicates that double bond isomerization occurs during early diagenesis and provides further evidence for the pathway proposed previously to link isorenieratene to a number of aromatic isoprenoid hydrocarbon biomarkers. Stable carbon isotopic data confirm the Chlorobiaceae origin of the intact all-trans isorenieratene isomer and indicate that the isomerization is accompanied by little or no kinetic isotope effect. Comparison of the δ¹³C values of each of the isolated carotenoids (measured as isorenieratane after hydrogenation) with those of their sulfide-bound counterpart in the polar fraction of the extracts (also measured as isorenieratane) indicates that sulfurization resulted in little depletion in ¹³C.  相似文献   

绿硫细菌色素的高效液相色谱分析及其应用     

郭伟  于仁成  亢振军  孔凡洲  周名江 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(5):1001-1009

绿硫细菌(green sulfur bacteria)的特征色素及其衍化产物,如细菌叶绿素d、细菌叶绿素e、绿硫菌烯(chlorobactene)和异海绵烯(isorenieratene)等可以作为标志物,指示水体真光层的无氧事件,以及水生生态系统在缺氧环境下的演变过程。但是,由于缺少色素标准品,相关研究工作受到制约。为此,本研究培养了两种典型绿硫细菌——Chlorobium phaeovibrioides(DSM269,褐色菌株)和Prosthecochloris vibrioformis(DSM260,绿色菌株),并应用高效液相色谱仪分析了两种细菌所产色素情况。结果在两株细菌中检测到了细菌叶绿素d(DSM260)、细菌叶绿素e(DSM269)和异海绵烯(DSM269),并获得各类色素的特征吸收光谱和保留时间。依据上述方法,对底层水体缺氧问题突出的长江口南部邻近海域表层沉积物样品进行了初步分析,但未检测到绿硫细菌色素。考虑到长江口邻近海域底层水体缺氧问题正在不断加剧,有必要将绿硫细菌色素作为一类重要的指标作进一步研究。  相似文献   

Geochemical characterisation of organic matter in Keg River Formation (Elk point group, Middle Devonian), La Crete Basin, Western Canada     

Heather Clegg  Brian Horsfield  Lavern Stasiuk  Martin Fowler  Manfred Vliex 《Organic Geochemistry》1997,26(11-12)

Carbonates from the Keg River Formation, La Crete Basin, Alberta, western Canada were examined in order to define: (a) oil source rock potential; (b) bulk maceral composition; (c) extract yield; and finally (d) facies variations using PY-GC-MS. Thirty samples from 6 different wells were examined from the lower Keg River member and 4 from the upper Keg River member using conventional geochemical methods. As maturity differences are absent within the sample set, variations in TOC, T_max, hydrogen index, organic petrography and extract yields are caused by variability in organic matter input, which is revealed by molecular characterisation using PY-GC-MS. Lower Keg River member bituminous wackestones are excellent potential source rocks containing Types I–II and Type II organic matter. Types I–II organic matter contains large well preserved (up to 200μm in diameter) thick-walled Tasmanites (10–15% of sample) and akinete algal cells indicative of algal blooms within an amorphous bituminite. Type II organic matter contains a higher proportion of degraded alginites/bituminite relative to well-preserved alginites. Extract yields (mg/g TOC) were seen to increase from Types I–II to Type II organic matter. PY-GC-MS revealed that 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene was a major peak in most samples. This is a pyrolysis product arising from β-cleavage of C₄₀ diaromatic carotenoids incorporated within the kerogen during diagenesis. The source of this compound is thought to be from an unknown diaromatic compound with a 2,3,6-/3,4,5-trimethyl substitution pattern and isorenieratene, which is specific to photosynthetic green sulphur bacteria (Chlorobiaceae) suggesting that the photic zone was at least partially anoxic during deposition of these samples. The relative abundance of this compound/n-C11-alkene and organic sulphur (calculated from the thiophene ratio) both increase from Types I–II to Type II organic matter. This trend was grossly similar to the trend seen in the variability of extract yield with hydrogen index. A similar trend for HI and T_max indicates samples containing a higher proportion of degraded alginites/bituminite relative to well-preserved alginite are more labile than Type I–II organic matter. Upper Keg River member marls contain Type II organic matter, which is characterised by heavily degraded algal material within a bituminous groundmass. Pyrolysates of two of the marl samples contain only low amounts of 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene, in contrast to the bituminous wackestones, indicating that the depositional environment/source input was different during deposition of the marl samples. Although both marls contain similar organic matter, their pyrolysates were significantly different. One marl (1141.9 m) was highly paraffinic containing dominantly short-chain alkene/alkane doublets, while the other marl (1137.6 m) contained a bimodal n-alkane/alkene distribution and high amounts of alkylphenols, which may be derived from preservation of resistant algal polyphenolic molecules or suggest a terrestrial input.  相似文献