Analysis of changes in extreme temperatures using quantile regression     

Kyoungmi Lee  Hee-Jeong Baek  ChunHo Cho 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(3):313-323

This study examines the changes in regional extreme temperature in South Korea using quantile regression, which is applied to analyze trends, not only in the mean but in all parts of the data distribution. The results show considerable diversity across space and quantile level in South Korea. In winter, the slopes in lower quantiles generally have a more distinct increase trend compared to the upper quantiles. The time series for daily minimum temperature during the winter season only shows a significant increasing trend in the lower quantile. In case of summer, most sites show an increase trend in both lower and upper quantiles for daily minimum temperature, while there are a number of sites with a decrease trend for daily maximum temperature. It was also found that the increase trend of extreme low temperature in large urban areas (0.80°C decade^?1) is much larger than in rural areas (0.54°C decade^?1) due to the effects of urbanization.  相似文献   

Definition of areas of probable risk to human health posed by As and Pb in soils and ground-level dusts of the surrounding area of an abandoned As-sulfide mine in the north of Portugal: part 1     

Ioana Santos  Eduardo Ferreira da Silva  Carla Patinha  Ana Cláudia Dias  Amélia Paula Reis 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(5):1649-1660

The aim of this study is to assess the potential health risk posed by As and Pb in the soils of the Pintor mine area. The site was never remediated but a residential area is being constructed in the mine land, next to the smelters, a fact that raised some concern about the probable risk posed by potentially harmful elements in the soil to the health of the residents. 132 samples were collected and analyzed by ICP-MS to determine total metal concentrations. The soluble fraction of As in the soil was obtained using 1 M NH₄ Acetate, pH 4.5. To assess the probable risk, total concentrations are compared with the soil guideline value established for the UK. Exposure through soil ingestion is probable in and around the residential area that has higher As and Pb concentrations, and therefore is classified as area with a potential health risk.  相似文献   

A study on carbon dioxide emissions from bituminous coal in Korea     

Jeongwoo Lee  Chang-Sang Cho  Ki-hyup Hong  Jae-Hak Jeong  Seungjin Kim  Eui-Chan Jeon 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(4):1709-1715

Consumption of primary energy in Korea increased 5.25 % per year over a 10 years span starting in 1990. Korea ranked 8th in primary energy consumption in 2011; coal consumption increased 35 % from 87,827 million tons in 2006–119,321 tons in 2010. Heavy energy-consuming countries consistently conduct research to develop an emission factor of Tier 2 level, reflecting the characteristics of the fuel that they use. To calculate the emission factor of bituminous coal for fuel, this study developed emission factor and calculated emission amount by implementing fuel analysis on bituminous coal consumed in Korea between 2007 and 2009. CO₂ emission factor calculated by fuel analysis method is 95,315 kg/TJ, which is 0.75 % higher than the default value suggested by IPCC. The emission amount calculated by using the CO₂ emission factor in this study is 231.881 million tons, which has a difference of 1.739 million tons compared to the IPCC default value.  相似文献   

Sorption of cesium and iodide ions onto KENTEX-bentonite     

Jae Owan Lee  Won Jin Cho  Heuijoo Choi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(5):2387-2395

The sorption of cesium and iodide ions onto KENTEX-bentonite was investigated using batch test and in-diffusion test methods. The cesium ions were highly sorbed on the bentonite, and the experimental data fit the Freundlich isotherm well. The distribution coefficient, K _d, of the cesium ions was variably affected by the chemical conditions of the solution (initial ion concentration, pH, salinity) and temperature. An increasing pH of solution increased the K _d. However, there were different K _d values that decrease with an increase in the initial ion concentration, salinity, and temperature. The iodide ions, on the contrary, were negligibly sorptive. The K _d values obtained from the in-diffusion tests were quite lower than those from the batch tests, which could be explained by changes in the pore water chemistry and surface area available for sorption.  相似文献   

Stochastic Simulation Model for the Spatial Characterization of Lung Cancer Mortality Risk and Study of Environmental Factors     

Ana Rita Oliveira  Cristina Branquinho  Maria Pereira  Amílcar Soares 《Mathematical Geosciences》2013,45(4):437-452

This paper presents a study in which the lung cancer risk in males was characterized based on a simulation model of mortality rates. Block sequential simulation of mortality rates, measured in counties of different sizes, was implemented and applied to a normal grid of continental Portugal with high spatial resolution. The uncertainty in the mortality rate measurements, directly related to differences in the population size of each county, was integrated in a block direct sequential simulation through Poisson kriging of local means and variances. Three age groups were examined: 50–59, 60–69, and 70–79 years. After the continuous geographic patterns of lung cancer risk were obtained, factors potentially associated with the main areas of risk were analyzed for southern Portugal. Thus, a defined class of land use and dry weather events, related to airborne particulate matter, were found to be associated with high-risk areas, resulting in high local spatial correlation patterns in all three age groups.  相似文献   

Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph of the 1.6 Meter New Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory     

Jongchul Chae  Hyung-Min Park  Kwangsu Ahn  Heesu Yang  Young-Deuk Park  Jakyoung Nah  Bi Ho Jang  Kyung-Suk Cho  Wenda Cao  Philip R. Goode 《Solar physics》2013,288(1):1-22

For high resolution spectral observations of the Sun – particularly its chromosphere, we have developed a dual-band echelle spectrograph named Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS), and installed it in a vertical optical table in the Coudé Lab of the 1.6 meter New Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory. This instrument can cover any part of the visible and near-infrared spectrum, but it usually records the Hα band and the Ca ii 8542 Å band simultaneously using two CCD cameras, producing data well suited for the study of the structure and dynamics of the chromosphere and filaments/prominences. The instrument does imaging of high quality using a fast scan of the slit across the field of view with the aid of adaptive optics. We describe its design, specifics, and performance as well as data processing  相似文献   

FISS Observations of Vertical Motion of Plasma in Tiny Pores     

K.-S. Cho  S.-C. Bong  J. Chae  Y.-H. Kim  Y.-D. Park  Y. Katsukawa 《Solar physics》2013,288(1):23-37

Pores can be exploited for the understanding of the interaction between small-scale vertical magnetic field and the surrounding convective motions as well as the transport of mechanical energy into the chromosphere along the magnetic field. For better understanding of the physics of pores, we investigate tiny pores in a new emerging active region (AR11117) that were observed on 26 October 2010 by the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) on board Hinode and the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) of the 1.6 meter New Solar Telescope (NST). The pores are compared with nearby small magnetic concentrations (SMCs), which have similar magnetic flux as the pores but do not appear dark. Magnetic flux density and Doppler velocities in the photosphere are estimated by applying the center-of-gravity method to the Hinode/Spectro-Polarimeter data. The line-of-sight motions in the lower chromosphere are determined by applying the bisector method to the wings of the Hα and the Ca?ii 8542 Å line simultaneously taken by the FISS. The coordinated observation reveals that the pores are filled with plasma which moves down slowly and are surrounded by stronger downflow in the photosphere. In the lower chromosphere, we found that the plasma flows upwards inside the pores while the plasma in the SMCs is always moving down. Our inspection of the Ca?ii 8542 Å line from the wing to the core shows that the upflow in the pores slows down with height and turns into downflow in the upper chromosphere while the downflow in the SMCs gains its speed. Our results are in agreement with the numerical studies which suggest that rapid cooling of the interior of the pores drives a strong downflow, which collides with the dense lower layer below and rebounds into an upflow.  相似文献   

Temperature of Solar Prominences Obtained with the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph on the 1.6 m New Solar Telescope at the Big Bear Solar Observatory     

Hyungmin Park  Jongchul Chae  Donguk Song  Ram Ajor Maurya  Heesu Yang  Young-Deuk Park  Bi-Ho Jang  Jakyoung Nah  Kyung-Suk Cho  Yeon-Han Kim  Kwangsu Ahn  Wenda Cao  Philip R. Goode 《Solar physics》2013,288(1):105-116

We observed solar prominences with the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) at the Big Bear Solar Observatory on 30 June 2010 and 15 August 2011. To determine the temperature of the prominence material, we applied a nonlinear least-squares fitting of the radiative transfer model. From the Doppler broadening of the Hα and Ca ii lines, we determined the temperature and nonthermal velocity separately. The ranges of temperature and nonthermal velocity were 4000?–?20?000 K and 4?–?11 km?s^?1. We also found that the temperature varied much from point to point within one prominence.  相似文献   

Multiwavelength Study of a Solar Eruption from AR NOAA 11112: II. Large-Scale Coronal Wave and Loop Oscillation     

Pankaj Kumar  K.-S. Cho  P. F. Chen  S.-C. Bong  Sung-Hong Park 《Solar physics》2013,282(2):523-541

We analyze multiwavelength observations of an M2.9/1N flare that occurred in AR NOAA 11112 on 16 October 2010. AIA 211 Å EUV images reveal the presence of a faster coronal wave (decelerating from ≈?1390 to ≈?830 km?s^?1) propagating ahead of a slower wave (decelerating from ≈?416 to ≈?166 km?s^?1) towards the western limb. The dynamic radio spectrum from Sagamore Hill radio telescope shows the presence of a metric type II radio burst, which reveals the presence of a coronal shock wave (speed ≈?800 km?s^?1). The speed of the faster coronal wave, derived from AIA 211 Å images, is found to be comparable to the coronal shock speed. AIA 171 Å high-cadence observations showed that a coronal loop, which was located at a distance of ≈?0.32R _⊙ to the west of the flaring region, started to oscillate by the end of the impulsive phase of the flare. The results indicate that the faster coronal wave may be the first driver of the transversal oscillations of coronal loop. As the slower wave passed through the coronal loop, the oscillations became even stronger. There was a plasmoid eruption observed in EUV and a white-light CME was recorded, having velocity of ≈?340?–?350 km?s^?1. STEREO 195 Å images show an EIT wave, propagating in the same direction as the lower-speed coronal wave observed in AIA, but decelerating from ≈?320 to ≈?254 km?s^?1. These observations reveal the co-existence of both waves (i.e. coronal Moreton and EIT waves), and the type II radio burst seems to be associated with the coronal Moreton wave.  相似文献   

Placial analysis of events: a case study on criminological places     

Sunghwan Cho 《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(6):547-566

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