采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、差热分析(DTA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱(Raman)等表征手段对湖南寒婆坳矿区热变质煤的化学组分、物理性质、结构演化与其矿物学特征响应进行了研究。结果表明：岩浆侵入体的热力及构造应力作用促进煤化程度升高逐渐转变为隐晶质石墨,氢、碳原子数目比(H/C)逐渐降低,矿物主要为伊利石、绿泥石、叶蜡石、石英及黄铁矿等;随变质程度增加,真密度升高,孔隙度与电阻率降低;在400℃之后,失重曲线下降缓慢且斜率变小,显示深度裂解与脱落较少。 d 002、 L a、 L c的演化趋势呈非线性变化,显示煤有机大分子结构向石墨化演化的过程中呈现“跃变”;隐晶质石墨样品的晶体结构主要为2H型石墨结构,不同程度地含有3R多型,石墨化度为0. 47~0. 84,石墨晶体轴长 a 为0. 2469~0. 2471 nm, c 为0. 6738~0. 6762 nm,晶胞体积 V 为0. 03562~0. 03570 nm3,显示靠近岩体晶胞体积减小;随着变质程度升高, L a、 L c迅速增加,堆叠层数急剧增大,煤内部空间结构趋于有序化,拉曼参数 A D1、 P (G- D1)逐渐降低。 相似文献
In this study, two series of physical modeling experiments, with and without a grouting process, were conducted under different grouting pressures to study the effect of compaction grouting on the performance of compaction-grouted soil nails. In addition, a hyperbola-based model was proposed to describe the variation of the pullout forces with and without grouting. Some of the main conclusions drawn are as follows. First, the compaction effect initially influences the mobilized pullout force, but not the final stage of pullout; the large difference between the two series of tests in regard to the pullout force at the initial stage led to the first part of this conclusion. However, the final pullout force results of the tests, both those with and those without grouting, were similar. Second, once the soil condition changes, the compaction effect on the performance of a soil nail depends on the grouting pressure rather than the diameter of the grout bulb. Third, the difference in the soil response (i.e., vertical dilatancy and the vertical and horizontal squeezing effects) derived from the compaction grouting effect will result in the initial difference in the increased rate of the pullout force between the tests with a grouting process and those without. Finally, a hyperbola-based model was proposed to describe the variation of the pullout force of the model tests with and without grouting, through which the pullout force is available of prediction for the given diameter of grout bulb and pullout displacement.
