GSTA is a major glutathione S-transferase gene responsible for 4-hydroxynonenal conjugation in largemouth bass liver     

Robert T. Pham  David S. Barber  Evan P. Gallagher   《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):485

We have previously shown that largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) has a remarkable ability to conjugate 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), a mutagenic and cytotoxic α,β-unsaturated aldehyde produced during the peroxidation of lipids. In addition, we have isolated a glutathione S-transferase cDNA (bass GSTA) that encodes a recombinant protein which is highly active in 4HNE conjugation and structurally similar to plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) GSTA. In the present study, HPLC-GST subunit analysis revealed the presence of at least two major GST isoforms in bass liver, with one peak constituting 80% of the total bass liver GST protein. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and electrospray ionization analysis of the major bass GST subunit yielded a molecular weight of 26,396 kDa. Endo-proteinase Lys-C digestion and Edman degradation protein sequencing of this GST peak demonstrated that this protein was encoded by bass GSTA. Analysis of genomic DNA fragments isolated by nested PCR indicated the presence of a GST gene cluster in bass liver that contained GSTA, and was similar to a GST gene cluster characterized by Leaver et al., in plaice. Collectively, our data indicates the presence of a major GST in bass liver involved in the protection against oxidative stress. This GST is part of a gene cluster that may be conserved in certain freshwater and marine fish.  相似文献   

Narratives in REDD+ benefit sharing: examining evidence within and beyond the forest sector     

Grace Yee Wong  Cecilia Luttrell  Lasse Loft  Anastasia Yang  Thuy Thu Pham  Daisuke Naito 《Climate Policy》2019,19(8):1038-1051

REDD+ was designed globally as a results-based instrument to incentivize emissions reduction from deforestation and forest degradation. Over 50 countries have developed strategies for REDD+, implemented pilot activities and/or set up forest monitoring and reporting structures, safeguard systems and benefit sharing mechanisms (BSMs), offering lessons on how particular ideas guide policy design. The implementation of REDD+ at national, sub-national and local levels required payments to filter through multiple governance structures and priorities. REDD+ was variously interpreted by different actors in different contexts to create legitimacy for certain policy agendas. Using an adapted 3E (effectiveness, efficiency, equity and legitimacy) lens, we examine four common narratives underlying REDD+ BSMs: (1) that results-based payment (RBP) is an effective and transparent approach to reducing deforestation and forest degradation; (2) that emphasis on co-benefits risks diluting carbon outcomes; (3) that directing REDD+ benefits predominantly to poor smallholders, forest communities and marginalized groups helps address equity; and (4) that social equity and gender concerns can be addressed by well-designed safeguards. This paper presents a structured examination of eleven BSMs from within and beyond the forest sector and analyses the evidence to variably support and challenge these narratives and their underlying assumptions to provide lessons for REDD+ BSM design. Our findings suggest that contextualizing the design of BSMs, and a reflexive approach to examining the underlying narratives justifying particular design features, is critical for achieving effectiveness, equity and legitimacy.

Key policy insights

• A results-based payment approach does not guarantee an effective REDD+; the contexts in which results are defined and agreed, along with conditions enabling social and political acceptance, are critical.

• A flexible and reflexive approach to designing a benefit-sharing mechanism that delivers emissions reductions at the same time as co-benefits can increase perceptions of equity and participation.

• Targeting REDD+ to smallholder communities is not by default equitable, if wider rights and responsibilities are not taken into account

• Safeguards cannot protect communities or society without addressing underlying power and gendered relations.

• The narratives and their underlying generic assumptions, if not critically examined, can lead to repeated failure of REDD+ policies and practices.

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The October 13, 2020, deadly rapid landslide triggered by heavy rainfall in Phong Dien,Thua Thien Hue,Vietnam     

Van Tien  Pham  Trinh  Phan Trong  Luong  Le Hong  Nhat  Le Minh  Duc  Dao Minh  Hieu  Tran Trung  Cuong  Tran Quoc  Nhan  Tran Thanh 《Landslides》2021,18(6):2329-2333

Landslides - At about 12:00 a.m., on October 13, 2020, a rapid rotational landslide induced by rainfall swept over Ranger Station-7 in Phong Xuan commune, Phong Dien district, Thua Thien Hue...  相似文献   

Numerical analysis of subsurface deformation induced by groundwater level changes in the Bangkok aquifer system     

Saowiang  Krit  Giao  Pham Huy 《Acta Geotechnica》2021,16(4):1265-1279

Acta Geotechnica - Subsurface deformation due to long terms of groundwater drawdown from 1960 to 1997 and groundwater recovery from 1997 to 2016 in the upper part of the Bangkok multi-aquifer...  相似文献   

Spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility in western Serbia using hybrid support vector regression (SVR) with GWO,BAT and COA algorithms     

Abdul-Lateef Balogun  Fatemeh Rezaie  Quoc Bao Pham  Ljubomir Gigović  Siniša Drobnjak  Yusuf A. Aina  Mahdi Panahi  Shamsudeen Temitope Yekeen  Saro Lee 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(3):101104

In this study, we developed multiple hybrid machine-learning models to address parameter optimization limitations and enhance the spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility models. We created a geographic information system database, and our analysis results were used to prepare a landslide inventory map containing 359 landslide events identified from Google Earth, aerial photographs, and other validated sources. A support vector regression (SVR) machine-learning model was used to divide the landslide inventory into training (70%) and testing (30%) datasets. The landslide susceptibility map was produced using 14 causative factors. We applied the established gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm, bat algorithm (BA), and cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA) to fine-tune the parameters of the SVR model to improve its predictive accuracy. The resultant hybrid models, SVR-GWO, SVR-BA, and SVR-COA, were validated in terms of the area under curve (AUC) and root mean square error (RMSE). The AUC values for the SVR-GWO (0.733), SVR-BA (0.724), and SVR-COA (0.738) models indicate their good prediction rates for landslide susceptibility modeling. SVR-COA had the greatest accuracy, with an RMSE of 0.21687, and SVR-BA had the least accuracy, with an RMSE of 0.23046. The three optimized hybrid models outperformed the SVR model (AUC = 0.704, RMSE = 0.26689), confirming the ability of metaheuristic algorithms to improve model performance.  相似文献   

A Novel Classifier Based on Composite Hyper-cubes on Iterated Random Projections for Assessment of Landslide Susceptibility     

Binh Thai Pham 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(3):355-362

In this paper, the main objective is to discover an application of a novel classifier based on Composite Hyper-cubes on Iterated Random Projections (CHIRP) for assessment of landslide susceptibility at the Uttarakhand Area (India). For this, 1295 historical landslides events and landslide affecting parameters were collected and used for creating training and testing datasets. Other benchmark models namely Logistic Regression (LR), RBF neural network (ANN-RBF), and Naïve Bayes (NB) were chosen for comparison. Analysis results indicate that the CHIRP is the best, followed by the LR, the ANN-RBF, and the NB, respectively. Overall, the CHIRP indicates as a promising and good alternative method that could be used to assess landslide susceptibility in other landslide prone areas.  相似文献   

Investigation of ground rotational motions caused by direct and scattered P-waves from the 4 March 2008 TAIGER explosion experiment     

Nguyen Dinh Pham  Bor-Shouh Huang  Chin-Jen Lin  Tuan-Minh Vu  Ngoc-Anh Tran 《Journal of Seismology》2012,16(4):709-720

High-frequency rotational motions of P-waves and coda waves were analysed using rotation rate sensors and strong motion array data from the 4 March 2008 TAiwan Integrated GEodynamics Research (TAIGER) explosion experiment in northeastern Taiwan. Theoretical and observational investigations focussed on the effects of this experiment on the free surface. The main goal of this study was to explore possible applications of combined measurements of artificial explosion-derived translational and rotational motions. Also investigated was the consistent ground rotation observed directly by rotation rate sensors and derived using translational seismic arrays. Common near-source high-frequency rotational motion observations and array-recorded translational motions from one shallow borehole explosion are analysed in this study. Using a half-space assumption of plane P-wave propagation across the recording site, we conclude that: (1) rotational motions induced by direct P-waves interacting with a free surface in theory can be used to estimate wave radial direction, velocity and anisotropic properties; (2) rotational motions derived from scattering are predominant among the observed rotations during the TAIGER explosion experiments and allow us to image the heterogeneous structure of the medium at the investigated site; and (3) rotation sensor measurements undertaken during TAIGER explosion experiments may be affected by cross-axis sensitivities, which need to be considered when using the data obtained during these experiments.  相似文献   

An Analysis of Reducing Perchloroethylene Emissions in the Urban Environment: A Case Study of Taiwan     

Wen‐Tien Tsai 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(2):123-126

Selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from commercial activities and industrial processes have been classified as hazardous air pollutants, posing a potential health risk in the urban environment. In this respect, perchloroethylene (PCE), a suspected human carcinogen, is the most noticeable compound because it is widely used in laundries and hotels as a dry‐cleaning solvent. The objective of this paper was to quantify the emissions of PCE and other petroleum‐based solvents from dry cleaning business in illustration of the regulatory infrastructure of reducing PCE exposure in the environment of Taiwan. Based on the Emission Factors (AP‐42) method, the emissions of the non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) from dry cleaning business had decreased from 5100 metric tons in 1997 to 2800 metric tons in 2007. The success of significant reduction of NMHCs in Taiwan has been ascribed to the fact that Taiwan established the relevant regulations at the end of the 1990s. From the data on the industrial/commercial demand for PCE and the emission inventories of NMHCs from dry cleaning business, the reduction of PCE emissions will show a declining trend in the near future.  相似文献   

Damage detection of a thin plate using modal curvature via macrostrain measurement     

Hsu  Ting Yu  Shih  Yi Cheng  Pham  Quang-Vinh 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2019,18(2):409-424

Plate structures are employed as important structural components in many engineering applications. Hence, assessing the structural conditions of in-service plate structures is critical to monitoring global structural health. Modal curvature-based damage detection techniques have recently garnered considerable attention from the research community, and have become a promising vibration-based structural health monitoring solution. However, computing errors arise when calculating modal curvatures from lateral mode shapes, which result from unavoidable measurement errors in the mode shapes as identified from lateral vibration signals; this makes curvature-based algorithms that use a lateral measurement only theoretically feasible, but practically infeasible. Therefore, in this study, long-gauge fiber Bragg grating strain sensors are employed to obtain a modal curvature without a numerical differentiation procedure in order to circumvent the computing errors. Several damage indices based on modal curvatures that were developed to locate beam damage are employed. Both numerical and experimental studies are performed to validate the proposed approach. However, although previous studies have reported relative success with the application of these damage indices on a simple beam, only one damage index demonstrated the capability to locate damage when the stiffness of the local region changed near the sensor.  相似文献   

Impact of terrestrial runoff on organic matter,trophic state,and phytoplankton in a tropical,upland reservoir     

Duc Anh Trinh  Thi Nguyet Minh Luu  Quan Hong Trinh  Hai Sy Tran  Tien Minh Tran  Thi Phuong Quynh Le  Thuy Thi Duong  Didier Orange  Jean Louis Janeau  Thomas Pommier  Emma Rochelle-Newall 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2016,78(2):367-379

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