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71.
72.
More and more researches show that neither the critical downward acceleration nor the critical slope of water waves is a universal constant. On the contrary, they vary with particular wave conditions. This fact moders the models either for the probability of wave breaking B or for the whitecap coverage W based on these criteria difficult to apply. In this paper and the one which follows we seek to develop models for the prediction of both B and W based on the kinematical criterion. First, several joint probabihstic distribution functions (PDFs) of wave characteristics are derived, based on which the breaking properties B and W are estimated. The estimation is made on the assumption that a wave breaks ff the horizontal velocity of water particles at its crest exceeds the local wave celerity, and whitecapping occurs in regions of fluid where water particles travel faster than the waves. The consequent B and W depend on wave spectral moments of orders 0 to 4.Then the JONSWAP spectrum is used to represent the fetch-limited sea waves in deep water, so as to relate the probahility of wave breaking and the whitecap coverage with wind parameters. To this end, the time-averaging technique proposed by Glazman (1986) is applied to the estimation of the spectral moments involved, and furthermore, the theoretical models are compared with available observations collected from published literature. From the comparison, the averaging time scale is determined. The final models show that the probability of wave breaking as well as the whitecap coverage depends on the dimensionless fetch. The agreement between these models and the database is reasonable. 相似文献
73.
In contrast with the usual method to obtain the wind-wave directional spectrum by multiplying the frequency spectrum with an empirical directional function, the authors attempt to derive analytically the directional spectrum by adopting proper spectral form and using effective parameters, namely, the zero order momentm
0 of the wind-wave frequency spectrumS(), its peak frequency 0 and the so-called peakness factorP=0
S(0)/m
0, where is angular frequency. The directional spectrum is given in a form of frequency spectrum for each direction. The spectral directionality depends on, in addition to frequency, the wind-wave growth status, for the peakness factorP as introduced by the authors previously is a measure of the wave development stage. The salient features of the directional spectrum, comparison with existing formulas and the verification of the spectrum by observational data are to be given in the Part 2 of the paper.Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
74.
关于东海浮游植物,虽然国内、外都有人进行过一些调査研究,取得一些成果,但因调查时间较短或调查范围較小所获资料不全,都未能代表东海浮游植物的全貌。中国科学院海洋研究所继全国海洋综合调査之后,自1976年夏季又在东海陆架区进行了综合调查。这次调查,分析了东海浮游植物的个体数量和种数的分布状况,讨论了其主要种类的生态性质、群落组成和它们与水文环境的关系,对东海浮游植物的生态状况有了进一步了解。
1976年夏季在东海陆架区进行了两次(6月25日至7月23日和8月27日至9月21日)调查,调查范围南到北纬26°30′,东到东经127°,在沿纬度安排的6个断面共44个测站上(第一航次还在黄海南部增加一斜断面),分別进行了水文观测,并用网目为64平方微米的小型浮游生物网(Juday phytoplankton net),从水底到表面垂直拖网进行浮游植物采样,以个体计数法计数分析。 相似文献
75.
郑平胜 《海洋学报(英文版)》1986,5(3):456-456
Some unusual features have been analysed in this paper on the sea conditions ofnorthwestern East China Sea and the fisheries of Mackerel, Round Scad, Sardines off Zhejiangin the autumn of 1983, based on the data of the past years. The findings are as follows: 1. The low-salinity water area formed by the Changjiang River runoff emptying intothe sea expanded by three times as campared with that of 1978 (a poor runoff year). The 相似文献
76.
Specimens of Mugil soiuy were collected from the coastal waters of Bohai Sea in Tianjin. The gillfilaments were cut with fine scissors and soaked for 24h in a fixative consisting of 2.5% glutaralde-hyde in 0.1 mol l~(-1) phosporic acid buffer. After three washes in a buffer solution the tissue was fixedin a mixture of 1% osmium tetraoxide at 4℃ for 1h. The tissue was dehydrated in graded ethandethanols and dried. The tissue was examined and photographed with an SEM at an accelerating voltage 相似文献
77.
银川盆地中更新世以来的孢粉记录及古气候研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
银川盆地中更新世以来的孢粉记录及据此所重建的古气候参数,揭示了该区中更新世以来的古气候演变特征,其演变经过了温湿→凉湿→温和→冷湿→温干→凉较湿→冷湿→温干→凉润→温较干→温干的变化,并与新疆地区,黄土高原以及深海δ^18O曲线进行了对比,结果表明,各地的古环境变化大致同步,该区由于位置靠西,邻近沙漠,最近地质历史时期的区域性干旱特色明显。 相似文献
78.
中国近海海水中的锌等微量元素,尚未进行过较为广泛而可靠的分布研究。极为零星的资料,还是近几年来在沿岸进行污染调查时,用陈旧的方法测定的。
世界海洋海水中微量元素的含量,不同文献报道的数据,常有一定的差别。这是自然变化,抑方法误差(包括所测形态),是值得研究的。
本文采用单池示差反向极谱法,比较广泛而可靠地研究了中国近海海水中,锌等微量,元素的离子(和不稳定络合物)的地球化学分布。测定锌、铅、铜、镉时,样品不加任何试剂,因而避免了元素存在形态的转移及被测离子的带入或损失。 相似文献
79.
Wen Shengchang 《海洋学报(英文版)》1988,7(1):1-16
In this part ot the paper theoretical wind-wave spectra nave been derived oy (I) expressing the spectrum in series composed of exponential terms; (2) assuming that the spectrum satisfies a high order linear ordinary differential equation; (3) introducing proper parameters in the spectrum; and (4) making use of some known charateristics of wind-wave spectrum, for instance, the law governing the equilibrium range. The spectrum obtained contains the zero order moment of the spectrum m0, the peak frequency ω0 and the ratio R =ω/ω0 (ω being the mean zero-crossing frequency) as parameters. The shape of the nondimensional spectrum S(ω) = ω0S(ω)/m0(ω=ω/ω0) changes with R and theoretically reduces to a Dirac delta function δ(ω-1) when R = 1. A spectrum of simplified form is given for practical uses, in which R is replaced by a peakness factor P=S(1). 相似文献
80.