Spatiotemporal variations of cultivated land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt based on carbon emission constraints   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

罗翔  敖心荷  张祚  万庆  刘行健 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(4):535-552

In this study,the carbon emissions(CEs)from cultivated land(CL)were included as an undesirable output in the utilization efficiency of such land.A slack-based model was used to calculate the CL use efficiency(CLUE)for 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)from 2007 to 2016,and then a kernel density estimation map was drawn to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of CLUE.The Tobit model was also employed to analyze the factors affecting the CLUE.The results show the following.1)In the YREB,the CEs from CL showed a rising and then a slowly decreasing trend.In this paper,we calculate CEs by carbon emission factors and major carbon sources,and the CEs from CL in the YREB totaled 25.2354 million tons in 2007.By 2014,the value had increased gradually to 28.4400 million tons,and by 2016 it had declined to 27.8922 million tons,suggesting that the carbon-emission reduction measures of the government had an impact.2)The CLUE of various provinces and cities in the YREB showed an upward trend in the time dimension,while for the spatial dimension,the kernel density was high in the east and low in the west,and the areas with high kernel density were mainly located in the Yangtze River Delta.3)The per capita gross domestic product,the primary industrial output,and the number of agricultural technicians per 10,000 people had positive effects on the CLUE.The CL area per capita and the electrical power per hectare for agricultural machinery had significant negative impacts on CLUE.In addition,every 1%increase in the number of agricultural technicians increased the CLUE by 0.057%.  相似文献   

台吉乃尔盐湖景观格局变化遥感分析(1990~2015年)          下载免费PDF全文

陈奥  王建萍  陈亮  芦宝良  凌智永 《盐湖研究》2020,28(1):105-111

以1990年、2005年、2015年台吉乃尔盐湖区Landsat遥感影像作为数据源,从景观学角度分析了台吉乃尔盐湖区近25年来景观格局的动态变化。借助遥感和地理信息技术提取各类景观的信息,然后选取景观斑块平均面积(MPS)、景观破碎度指数(FN)、香浓多样性指数(SHDI)进行计算分析,同时研究了不同景观类型的面积变化情况。结果表明:1)台吉乃尔盐湖区景观空间格局以荒漠景观为主要特征,自然景观所占的比重明显高于人为景观,人为景观所占比重呈增加趋势;2)1990～2005年间,干盐滩、盐湖、荒漠为湖区主要景观,景观面积变化与景观格局变化主要受控于气候因素的影响,总体上各类型景观的变化幅度较小,但景观多样性有提高;3)2005～2015年间,干盐滩、荒漠为湖区主要景观,盐湖大面积减少,景观面积变化与景观格局变化主要受控于人类活动的影响,景观多样性降低。  相似文献   

工业革命与生态环境危机及其治理途径     

敖艳红  裴浩 《内蒙古气象》2009,(1):21-25

生态环境危机是人类社会发展到一定阶段的必然产物。工业革命明显提高了社会生产力,同时也加速了生态环境危机的出现。文章论述了工业革命与生态环境危机的关系,以及人类认识它的历程,阐述了生态学对认识生态环境危机的作用,提出了根治生态环境危机的途径—走可持续发展的道路,并指出了应该遵循的原则和整治思路。最后,就有关根治生态环境危机和人类社会可持续发展方面的问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

基于综合指数法的智能水雷作战能力评估          下载免费PDF全文

刘标  刘文正  敖翔 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2018,1(1):63-66

智能水雷的作战能力评估是牵引水雷装备发展的重要手段。 在分析智能水雷基本特征的基础上,提出了较为全面的评估指标体系,建立了综合指数法模型,包括指数模型和加权和模型,基于层次分析法,完成了指标体系的权重计算。 案例分析表明：该方法具有快速、易实现等优点,计算结果能为智能水雷的发展论证、方案优选、性能改进等方面提供量化参考。  相似文献   

Autumn daily characteristics of land surface heat and water exchange over the Loess Plateau mesa in China   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

文军  韦志刚  吕世华  陈世强  奥银焕  梁玲 《大气科学进展》2007,24(2):301-310

The Loess Plateau, located in northern China, has a significant impact on the climate and ecosystem evolvement over the East Asian continent. In this paper, the preliminary autumn daily characteristics of land surface energy and water exchange over the Chinese Loess Plateau mesa region are evaluated by using data collected during the Loess Plateau land-atmosphere interaction pilot experiment （LOPEX04）, which was conducted from 25 August to 12 September 2004 near Pingliang city, Gansu Province of China. The experiment was carried out in a region with a typical landscape of the Chinese Loess Plateau, known as ＂loess mesa＂. The experiment＇s field land utilizations were cornfield and fallow farmland, with the fallow field later used for rotating winter wheat. The autumn daily characteristics of heat and water exchange evidently differed between the mesa cornfield and fallow, and the imbalance term of the surface energy was large. This is discussed in terms of sampling errors in the flux observations-footprint; energy storage terms of soil and vegetation layers; contribution from air advections; and low and high frequency loss of turbulent fluxes and instruments bias. Comparison of energy components between the mesa cornfield and the lowland cornfield did not reveal any obvious difference. Inadequacies of the field observation equipment and experimental design emerged during the study, and some new research topics have emerged from this pilot experiment for future investigation.  相似文献   

Studying the mechanical properties of the soil-root interface using the pullout test method   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Xiao-dong Ji  Xu Cong  Xian-qing Dai  Ao Zhang  Li-hua Chen 《山地科学学报》2018,15(4):882-893

It is important to quantify the effect of the root diameter, the embedment length of the root and load speed on the soil-root interface mechanical properties for studying the root anchorage. The soilroot interface mechanical properties can be obtained through the pullout force and root slippage curve(F-S curve). About 120 Pinus tabulaeformis single roots whose diameters ranged from 1 mm to 10 mm divided into 6 groups based on different root embedment length(50 mm, 100 mm and 150 mm) and different load velocity(10 mm·min~(-1), 50 mm·min~(-1), 100 mm·min~(-1) and 300 mm·min~(-1)) were investigated using the pullout method. This study aims to explore the mechanical properties of the soil-root interface in the real conditions using the pullout test method. The results showed two kinds of pullout test failure modes during the experimental process: breakage failure and pullout failure. The results showed that the roots were easier to be broken when the root diameter was smaller or the loading speed was larger. The relationship between the maximum anchorage force and root diameter was linear and the linearly dependent coefficient(R~2) was larger than 0.85. The anchorage force increased with the root embedment length. An increase of 10%~(-1)5% for the maximumanchorage force was found when load speed increased from 10 to 300 mm.min~(-1). The mean peak slippage of the root was from 13.81 to 35.79 mm when the load velocity varied from 10 to 300 mm.min~(-1). The study will be helpful for the design of slopes reinforced by vegetation and in predicting risk of uprooting of trees, and will have practical benefits for understanding the mechanism of landslide.  相似文献   

泥河湾盆地大长梁剖面河湖相沉积序列的细腰磁滞回线性质及其环境意义          下载免费PDF全文

敖红  刘彩彩  邓成龙 《第四纪研究》2007,27(6):1072-1080

对华北泥河湾盆地大长梁剖面更新世河湖相沉积序列进行的多参数岩石磁学研究表明磁铁矿和赤铁矿是大长梁剖面最主要的磁性矿物.磁铁矿的粒度主要为准单畴和多畴,主要来自盆地周围侵蚀的碎屑矿物;赤铁矿主要为风成成因,来源于中国西北部的黄土高原或沙漠地区的化学风化作用产物;某些沉积层中还含有主要由碎屑成因的粗颗粒磁铁矿经低温氧化形成的磁赤铁矿,该过程可能与泥河湾古湖的氧化环境演化密切相关.大长梁剖面的磁滞回线大多具有细腰特征,细腰的明显程度主要由样品中磁铁矿和赤铁矿的相对贡献控制.因此,细腰磁滞回线可以用来衡量泥河湾河湖相沉积物中赤铁矿的相对含量,并进而在一定程度上指示亚洲内陆干旱/半干旱地区化学风化作用的强弱以及相对温湿或冷干的气候环境变化.  相似文献   

基于HBV模型的太子河流域致洪临界雨量的确定          下载免费PDF全文

刘鸣彦  孙凤华  周晓宇  侯依玲  赵春雨  易雪  崔妍  敖雪 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2021,15(5):109-115

以太子河流域为研究区域,基于流域内的气象水文数据、数字高程模型及土地利用等资料,采用HBV水文模型对流域的水文过程进行模拟,通过对模型参数的率定与验证,评估了HBV模型在该流域径流模拟的适用性,确定了适合太子河流域的最优化参数,结合水位-流量关系曲线,推算太子河流域不同等级洪水致洪临界雨量。结果表明: HBV模型对太子河流域的径流模拟效果较好,率定期与验证期Nash效率系数与确定性系数均超过0.60,模型中积雪和融雪模块(CFR)、土壤含水量计算模块(BETA)与响应模块(KUZ2、UZ1、PERC)中的这些参数最为敏感,模型基本模拟出了洪水对降水的响应过程。通过建立的HBV水文模型,结合小林子水文站的水位-流量关系曲线,以警戒水位、保证水位作为不同等级洪水的判别条件,推算得到了不同起始水位下太子河流域动态临界雨量指标,临界雨量随起始水位的升高而有所减小。  相似文献   

ERA5-Land、MERRA2气温、降水数据在呼伦贝尔地区的适用性研究          下载免费PDF全文

曲学斌  姜凤友  辛孝飞  敖孟奇  王彦平 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2022,16(5):24-30

利用1981—2019年呼伦贝尔地区16个气象站观测数据，结合相关系数、均方根误差、散点斜率等方法，对ERA5-Land和MERRA2再分析月气温、降水数据的区域适用性进行评估。研究表明：ERA5-Land、MERRA2两套再分析气温、降水数据与观测数据对比，整体相关性较高、误差较低、本地适用性较高，但也均存在低观测值时再分析数据的高估和高观测值时再分析数据的低估现象。ERA5-Land的月气温数据略优于MERRA2，而月降水数据差于MERRA2。ERA5-Land的年降水量在2005年之后出现明显的低估，降水量被低估的月份主要为6—8月，建议在再分析数据使用前对其进行系统偏差订正，以提高数据的适用性。  相似文献