水下滑翔机观测台风“天鸽”过境的海洋响应研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙雨桐  成丹  杨绍琼  张翰  薛长丽 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2023,6(2):198-208

水下滑翔机作为一种新型移动观测平台,可以对热带气旋过境期间引发的海洋响应进行全方位的观测,利用获取的观测数据能够进一步增强台风预报的准确性。从水下滑翔机相较于其他热带气旋观测方式的优势展开,基于“海燕”系列水下滑翔机观测到的台风“天鸽”(Hato)引起的海洋温盐异常历史数据, 并结合同期卫星的观测数据和 JMA(Japan Meteorology Agency)最佳台风路径数据库,分析研究水平和垂直方向上的海洋温盐异常响应。验证了 4 台“海燕–II”水下滑翔机具有对 2017 年台风“天鸽”引起的海洋响应进行精细化剖面观测的能力,可以完整捕捉台风过境引起的垂直混合现象以及降雨对其观测区域内盐度变化的影响,并分析水下滑翔机观测数据得出台风期间海洋响应的程度与其距离台风的位置有关,即台风期间水下滑翔机观测海域与台风路径距离越近,其温盐异常变化越明显,并且台风路径右侧海域相较于路径左侧海域的温度异常幅度更大。  相似文献   

Towards probabilistic seismic performance of vehicle-bridge interaction systems: From stochastic dynamic model to fragility analysis     

Peng Yuan  You Dong  Ruiwei Feng  Dan M. Frangopol 《地震工程与结构动力学》2023,52(1):88-110

This paper aims to assess the seismic fragility of vehicle-bridge-interaction (VBI) systems considering the effects of vehicle types, traffic conditions, and road surface qualities. A stochastic nonlinear mechanical model for the earthquake-VBI system is developed, and the fragility functions for the proposed VBI model are derived by considering the relevant probabilistic seismic demand parameters. On the basis of a typical four-span continuous prestressed concrete highway bridge in China, a complete numerical model for the VBI system is built considering multiple uncertainties from bridge and vehicle parameters, as well as the road surface qualities. A total of 120 real ground motion records with different combinations of magnitude-source-to-site distance (M-R) and earthquake intensity characteristics are selected. Meanwhile, 80 scenarios in terms of different combinations of vehicle types, vehicle speeds, and road surface irregularities are defined. In this context, 96,000 nonlinear time-history analyses are performed, and the developed fragility models are applied to the VBI system at both component and system levels. Results indicate that the fragilities of pier drift, bearing shear strain, and the overall VBI system increase with the increase of the vehicle weight or the decrease of the vehicle speed, while the vertical deck displacement is dominated by the vehicle weight. It is also found that the road surface quality has a negligible effect on both component and system fragilities.  相似文献   

基于三层级股权关系的长三角城市网络节点地位研究     

高雅妮  何丹  高鹏  孙志晶 《地理研究》2022,41(6):1577-1592

如何更为精准地刻画流空间视角下城市网络节点地位,是城市网络研究的关注重点之一。本文以长三角地区县级空间单元为研究区域,采用全行业500强上市公司的“母-子-孙”三层级股权关系数据,构建有向加权网络来刻画长三角地区城市间投资联系水平;通过转变中心性与转变控制力对节点城市的网络地位进行分类;最后采用空间计量模型对长三角城市网络节点地位的影响因素进行测算和分析。研究发现：① 长三角城市网络节点地位呈现出“等级+网络”的特征。城市在网络中依旧呈等级分布;然而部分中小城市在网络中地位具有了上升通道,往往可利用资源禀赋使得其获得更高的网络地位,网络结构具有扁平化特征。② 长三角城市网络节点地位特征并没有完全遵循转变中心性与转变控制力的“高-高”“中-中”和“低-低”的匹配关系,而存在“高-中（低）”“中-高（低）”或“低-高（中）”的非匹配关系。③ 城市经济发展水平、人力资本、创新活力、产业结构、城市经营环境和公共服务设施配套情况等会对城市网络地位产生显著的影响。  相似文献   

西风带研究的重要意义   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

屈文军  张小曳  王丹  沈振兴  梅凡民  程燕  严立文 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2004,24(1):125-132

西风带作为北大西洋气候区和东亚季风气候区之间的联系纽带,对东亚季风气候和西风带气候具有重要影响,西风带在一定意义上控制着东亚季风的北界。西风环流与青藏高原相互作用,对亚洲季风区气候乃至全球气候都有极其深刻的影响。西风环流在冰期-间冰期旋回中的位置、强度的剧烈变化对东亚季风气候和全球气候影响显著,对季风降水、西风带降水时空分布及亚洲粉尘活动和黄土形成、堆积等都有非常重要的意义。  相似文献   

秦岭特长隧道涌水量的预测研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘丹  李启彬 《煤田地质与勘探》2005,33(1):41-44

论述了模糊聚类理论用于隧道涌水量预测的基本思路与方法, 提出了影响隧道涌水量的主要因素及其量化公式, 并以秦岭特长隧道 (Ⅱ线)为对象, 预测出其涌水量介于 1.0~ 3.0m3/d·m之间, 与该隧道开挖后的实际涌水量 2.07m3/d·m基本吻合, 从而证明了用该方法进行预测的合理性。   相似文献   

羊栖菜多糖的提取和抗氧化活性研究     

何丹  张旭  肖保衡  吴晓辉  吴明江 《海洋科学》2016,40(12):24-29

羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)是一种有"长寿菜"美誉的经济藻类,其中的多糖成分具有良好的抗氧化活性。本文依次用冷水和热水处理羊栖菜藻粉,得到两种多糖:冷水浸提多糖(SFCP)和热水煮提多糖(SFHP);随后对这两种多糖的理化性质进行比较,并通过测定二者对DPPH和羟自由基的清除能力评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,两种多糖都是含有硫酸根的岩藻聚糖,但是SFCP中糖醛酸含量较高,分子质量分布集中,而SFHP中硫酸根含量较多,分子质量分布较宽,且二者硫酸根取代位置不同。两种多糖对DPPH和羟自由基均有一定的清除效果,且清除率与浓度存在剂量依赖关系。相比较而言,SFCP对自由基的清除效率较好。  相似文献   

2001-2020年福建沿海赤潮灾害分级和时空分布特征研究     

何恩业  季轩梁  李晓  李雪丁  王丹  杨静 《海洋通报》2021,40(5)

利用2001—2020年福建沿海赤潮事件记录资料和自然灾害风险判定方法,根据赤潮成灾面积、持续时间、危害类型、渔业直接经济损失等指标综合计算赤潮灾害指数。基于自然断点法,对赤潮灾害指数进行Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级等4个灾害级别分等定级。系统分析了福建沿海赤潮生物种类、时空分布特征和演变规律。结果表明:(1)2001—2020年福建沿海赤潮以灾害程度较轻的Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级为主,灾害程度较重的Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级仅占总次数的8.9%,但其造成的渔业直接经济损失达总损失的95.0%。(2)赤潮暴发次数和面积总体呈现下降趋势,但Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级灾害频次呈现波动特征。(3)季节尺度上表现为单波峰特征,5—6月是赤潮灾害最为严重的时段,赤潮暴发次数、面积和持续时间占总体的比例分别为73.3%、84.6%和74.9%,Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级灾害占总次数的95.2%。(4)空间尺度上,福州、宁德、厦门沿海赤潮累计次数和规模较大,但Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级赤潮灾害主要分布在泉州以北的福建沿海,泉州以南的福建海域赤潮灾害级别整体较低。(5)2001—2020年福建沿海赤潮原因种逐渐增多,硅藻占比减小、甲藻占比升高,有毒赤潮主要出现在宁德、福州、泉州海域,以米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)引发居多。(6)硅藻赤潮主要暴发在峡湾和海湾海域,而甲藻赤潮在峡湾、海湾和开阔的近岸海域均易暴发,近年来甲藻赤潮暴发位置呈现由福建北部向南部沿海扩张的趋势。引起这些变化的原因据推测与全球气候变化及福建近岸海域环境的变化密切相关。  相似文献   

Mapping dune dynamics by InSAR coherence          下载免费PDF全文

Shiran Havivi  Doron Amir  Ilan Schvartzman  Yitzhak August  Shimrit Maman  Stanley R. Rotman  Dan G. Blumberg 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(6):1229-1240

It is generally held that subtle changes in sandy environments are very difficult to detect in imagery. Nonetheless, this study demonstrates how synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometric decorrelation can be used to identify changes in individual sand dunes. The use of coherence maps over time facilitates the analysis of dune dynamics, both temporally and spatially. The Ashdod‐Nizzanim coastal dunes, along the southern coastal plain of Israel, were chosen as an illustrative example of the analysis of dune dynamics. High‐resolution TerraSAR‐X (TSX) radar images covering the entire research area were acquired for the period February to July 2012, together with meteorology data (wind and rain) for the area. The coherence results enabled the stability of individual dunes to be described as a function of time. It was found that the dune crests were more stable than the windward slopes and that the degree of stability was dependent on the distance of the dune from the sea. The results of this study show the potential of using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) decorrelation for aeolian studies, even in areas characterized by low coherence. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Impacts of headcut height on flow energy,sediment yield and surface landform during bank gully erosion processes in the Yuanmou Dry‐hot Valley region,southwest China          下载免费PDF全文

Baojun Zhang  Donghong Xiong  Guanghui Zhang  Su Zhang  Han Wu  Dan Yang  Liang Xiao  Yifan Dong  Zhengan Su  Xiaoning Lu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(10):2271-2282

To quantify the changes in flow energy, sediment yield and surface landform impacted by headcut height during bank gully erosion, five experimental platforms were constructed with different headcut heights ranging from 25 to 125 cm within an in situ active bank gully head. A series of scouring experiments were conducted under concentrated flow and the changes in flow energy, sediment yield and surface landform were observed. The results showed that great energy consumption occurred at gully head compared to the upstream area and gully bed. The flow energy consumption at gully heads and their contribution rates increased significantly with headcut height. Gully headcuts also contributed more sediment yield than the upstream area. The mean sediment concentrations at the outlet of plots were 2.3 to 7.3 times greater than those at the end of upstream area. Soil loss volume at gully heads and their contribution rates also increased with headcut height significantly. Furthermore, as headcut height increased, the retreat distance of gully heads increased, which was 1.7 to 8.9 times and 1.1 to 3.2 times greater than the incision depth of upstream area and gully beds. Positive correlations were found between energy consumption and soil loss, indicating that energy consumption could be used to estimate soil loss of headcut erosion. Headcut height had a significant impact on flow energy consumption, and thus influenced the changes in sediment yield and landform during the process of gully headcut erosion. Headcut height was one of the important factors for gully erosion control in this region. Further studies are needed to identify the role of headcut height under a wide condition. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

1960-2012年鄱阳湖流域旱涝急转事件时空演变特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王容  李相虎  薛晨阳  张丹 《湖泊科学》2020,32(1):207-222

基于鄱阳湖流域五河7个主要入湖控制站19602012年的实测径流资料,通过短周期旱涝急转指数,结合TFPW-MK趋势检验法及集合经验模态分解法,分析了鄱阳湖流域旱涝急转事件的时空分布、演变趋势、强度及周期变化等,并探讨了旱涝急转指数的不确定性及旱涝急转事件的成因.结果表明:鄱阳湖流域旱涝急转事件主要分布在310月,其中36月主要表现为“旱转涝”,710月主要表现为“涝转旱”,且不同年代间存在一定的时空差异;五河以轻度旱涝急转事件为主,重度旱涝急转事件发生频率较低,主要发生在抚河、信江和饶河流域,且多以“涝转旱”事件为主;在年代际上,鄱阳湖流域旱涝急转事件在1990s发生的频率最高,在2000s最低.同时,除饶河外,鄱阳湖流域年最强“涝转旱”事件的发生强度呈减弱趋势,而年最强“旱转涝”事件的发生强度在赣江和修水北支有减弱趋势,在饶河和修水南支有增强趋势.五河旱涝急转的变化存在2个特征时间尺度,分别为1 a和21~35 a,而年最强旱涝急转事件的发生强度具有3 a左右的周期变化特征.这些变化与流域降水的不均匀性及强烈的人类活动等有关.本研究结果有助于全面系统认识鄱阳湖流域在全球变暖背景下极端水文事件的发生机制和变化规律,可为鄱阳湖区防汛抗旱减灾提供重要的科学依据.  相似文献