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131.
Hyun-Cheol Kim Hisashi Yamaguchi Sinjae Yoo Jianrong Zhu Kazumaro Okamura Yoko Kiyomoto Katsuhisa Tanaka Sang-Woo Kim Taewook Park Im Sang Oh Joji Ishizaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(1):129-135
Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) chlorophyll-a distribution in summer in the East China Sea during 1998–2007 was analyzed. Statistical analysis with K-means clustering
technique allowed us to define the proper satellite chlorophyll-a concentration indicating the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW). The spatial distributions of the higher satellite chlorophyll-a concentrations (>0.48 mg m−3) corresponded well with the distributions of lower salinity CDW (<30–32) every year. Interannual variation of the CDW area,
indicated by the high satellite chlorophyll-a, correlated with the interannual variation of the Changjiang summer freshwater discharge. The correlation analysis indicated
that the CDW spread eastward in the East China Sea with a time lag of 1 to 2 months after the discharge. 相似文献
132.
Gil Young Kim Gwang Soo Lee Dong Geun Yoo Young Kyo Seo Im Hak Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(3):264-270
The KISAP (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Seafloor Acoustic Probe) was developed to obtain in situ compressional wave velocity and attenuation profiles for seafloor sediments. The instrument comprises recording channel receivers, and an acoustic source, and can be attached to a corer or a probe. Here, we report experiments comparing KISAP in situ velocity to laboratory velocity of colocated piston cores. KISAP data matched laboratory data (corrected for temperature and pressure) reasonably. KISAP can be used to collect in situ acoustic data and can be effectively used to calibrate previous laboratory data to in situ data. 相似文献
133.
Jae-Won Yoo Chan-Woo Lee Yong-Woo Lee Chang-Soo Kim Chang-Gun Lee Keun-Hyung Choi Seung Won Jung Sung-Joo Jin Kyu-Hee Son 《Ocean Science Journal》2018,53(3):521-534
Chilsan Island Group, located on the west coast of South Korea, has been recognized as a critical breeding and nursery ground for endangered seabirds because food is abundant and human activity is low. Chilsan Island Group has been under protection as a Natural Monument (Article no. 389) since 1997, but attempts were made in 2004 to exploit the coastal sands around the islands. A conceptual ecological model (CEM) was employed with energy flow diagram (EFD) to predict the effects of sand mining on the islands’ ecosystem. The results showed that sand mining activities caused long-term damage to benthic ecosystems and threatened seabird communities by reducing fish populations throughout the food web. The changes in energy flow in the ecosystem due to sand mining operations predict that reduction in secondary production of benthic animal communities might reduce energy transfer to humans and seabirds by 30%. Different ranges of uncertainty provided by the Monte Carlo simulation lead to the conclusion that sand mining could bring about undesirable consequences. One concern is that such negative consequences would have a much more severe impact on seabirds than humans because seabirds cannot compete effectively against humans for the limited food sources. In this study, the complex interrelationships between ecosystem members were simplified and a CEM was established to clearly identify which elements would be affected. The CEM with EFD was found to be helpful in promoting communication between stakeholders, and it is expected to be widely used as a decisionmaking tool by public officials. 相似文献
134.
Time-frequency characteristics of the relationships between tropical Indo-Pacific SSTs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, several advanced analysis methods are applied to understand the relationships between the Nino-3.4 sea surface temperatures (SST) and the SSTs related to the tropical Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). By analyzing a long data record, the authors focus on the time-frequency characteristics of these relationships, and of the structure of IOD. They also focus on the seasonal dependence of those characteristics in both time and frequency domains. Among the Nino-3.4 SST, IOD, and SSTs over the tropical western Indian Ocean (WIO) and eastern Indian Ocean (EIO), the WIO SST has the strongest annual and semiannual oscillations. While the Nino-3.4 SST has large inter-annual variability that is only second to its annual variability, the IOD is characterized by the largest semiannual oscillation, which is even stronger than its annual oscillation. The IOD is strongly and stably related to the EIO SST in a wide range of frequency bands and in all seasons. However, it is less significantly related to the WIO SST in the boreal winter and spring. There exists a generally weak and unstable relationship between the WIO and EIO SSTs, especially in the biennial and higher frequency bands. The relationship is especially weak in summer and fall, when IOD is apparent, but appears highly positive in winter and spring, when the IOD is unimportantly weak and even disappears. This feature reflects a caution in the definition and application of IOD. The Nino-3.4 SST has a strong positive relationship with the WIO SST in all seasons, mainly in the biennial and longer frequency bands. However, it shows no significant relationship with the EIO SST in summer and fall, and with IOD in winter and spring. 相似文献
135.
Climate controls on coupled processes of chemical weathering,bioturbation, and sediment transport across hillslopes 下载免费PDF全文
Most hillslope studies examining the interplay between climate and earth surface processes tend to be biased towards eroding parts of landscapes. This limitation makes it difficult to assess how entire upland landscapes, which are mosaics of eroding and depositional areas, evolve physio‐chemically as a function of climate. Here we combine new soil geochemical data and published 10Be‐derived soil production rates to estimate variations in chemical weathering across two eroding‐to‐depositional hillslopes spanning a climate gradient in southeastern Australia. At the warmer and wetter Nunnock River (NR) site, rates of total soil (–3 to –14 g m‐2 yr‐1; negative sign indicates mass loss) and saprolite (–18 to –32 g m‐2 yr‐1) chemical weathering are uniform across the hillslope transect. Alternatively, the drier hillslope at Frog's Hollow (FH) is characterized by contrasting weathering patterns in eroding soils (–30 to –53 g m‐2 yr‐1) vs. depositional soils (+91 g m‐2 yr‐1; positive sign indicates mass addition). This difference partly reflects mineral grain size sorting as a result of upslope bioturbation coupled with water‐driven soil erosion, as well as greater vegetative productivity in moister depositional soils. Both of these processes are magnified in the drier climate. The data reveal the importance of linking the erosion–deposition continuum in hillslope weathering studies in order to fully capture the coupled roles of biota and erosion in driving the physical and chemical evolution of hillslopes. Our findings also highlight the potential limitations of applying current weathering models to landscapes where particle‐sorting erosion processes are active. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
136.
In order to improve the predictability of winter storm waves in the East Sea, this article explores the use of the ensemble Kalman filter technique for dat 相似文献
137.
Interpretation of mean‐field bias correction of radar rain rate using the concept of linear regression 下载免费PDF全文
In this study, the correction problem of mean‐field bias of radar rain rate was investigated using the concept of linear regression. Three different relationships were reviewed for their slopes to be used as the bias correction factor: Relationship 1 (R1) is based on the conventional linear regression, relationship 2 (R2) is forced to pass the origin and relationship 3 (R3) is the line whose slope is the G/R ratio. In other words, R1 is the regression line connecting the intercept and the mass centre of measurement pairs, R2 is the regression line forced to pass the origin, and R3 is the line connecting the origin and the mass centre. The slopes of all three relationships were reviewed analytically to compare them, and thereby, the effect of zero measurements could be evaluated. Additionally, the effect of using switched independent and dependent variables on the derived slopes was also evaluated. The theoretically derived results were then verified by analysing the rainfall event on 10–11 August 2010 in Korea. Finally, the difference between the bias‐corrected radar rain rate and the rain gauge rain rate was quantified by root mean square error and mean error so that it could be used as a measure for the evaluation of bias correction factors. In conclusion, the slope of R2 was found to be the best for the bias correction factor. However, when deciding the slope of this R2, the radar rain rate should be used as the independent variable in the low rain rate region, and the rain gauge rain rate in the high rain rate region above a certain threshold. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
138.
Su Young Lee Yeong Bae Seong Lewis A. Owen Madhav K. Murari Hyoun Soo Lim Ho Il Yoon Kyu‐Cheul Yoo 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2014,43(1):67-89
The late Quaternary glacial history of the Nun‐Kun massif, located on the boundary between the Greater Himalaya and the Zanskar range in northwestern India, was reconstructed. On the basis of morphostratigraphy and 10Be dating of glacial landforms (moraines and glacial trimlines), five glacial stages were recognized and defined, namely: (i) the Achambur glacial stage dated to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 to 4 (38.7–62.7 ka); (ii) the Tongul glacial stage dated to the early part of the Lateglacial (16.7–17.4 ka); (iii) the Amantick glacial stage dated to the later part of the Lateglacial (14.3 ka, 11.7–12.4 ka); (iv) the Lomp glacial stage dated to the Little Ice Age; and (v) the Tanak glacial stage, which has the youngest moraines, probably dating to the last few decades or so. Present and former equilibrium‐line altitudes (ELAs) were calculated using the standard area accumulation ratio method. The average present‐day ELA of ~4790 m above sea level in the Greater Himalaya is lower than those in the Ladakh and Zanskar ranges, namely 5380 and ~5900 m a.s.l., respectively. The ELA in the Zanskar range is higher than in the Ladakh range, possibly due to the higher peaks in the Ladakh range that are able to more effectively capture and store snow and ice. ELA depressions decrease towards the Ladakh range (i.e. inner Plateau). Peat beds interbedded with aeolian deposits that cap the terminal moraine of Tarangoz Glacier suggest millennial‐time‐scale climate change throughout the Holocene, with soil formation times at c. 1.5, c. 3.4 and c. 5.2 ka, probably coinciding with Holocene abrupt climate change events. Given the style and timing of glaciation in the study area, it is likely that climate in the Nun‐Kun region is linked to Northern Hemisphere climate oscillations with teleconnections via the mid‐latitude westerlies. 相似文献
139.
The Pojeonri Cu quartz veins occur in the north-western portion of the Hwanggangri Metallogenic Province and consist of two parallel massive quartz veins that fill fractures oriented NW and NE along fault zones in Paleozoic metasedimentary and sedimentary rocks of the Ogcheon and Taebaeg belts. Based on the mineralogy and paragenesis of the veins, only one mineralization episode has been recognized. The ore minerals are mainly chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite with minor arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and oxides of those base metal minerals. 相似文献
140.
This research is based on the need to develop methodology for climate change vulnerability assessment in coastal cities. While there have been some studies on the development of methodologies for vulnerability assessment on a national scale, there have been few attempts to develop a method for local vulnerability assessment with application to coastal cities. The objective of this study was to develop a general methodology to assess vulnerability to climate change and to apply it to the metropolitan coastal city of Busan in South Korea. We followed the conceptual framework for assessing climate change vulnerability provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which is composed of climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Sea level rises of 0.5 m, 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m were considered as the climate exposure. Sensitivity to sea level rise was measured based on the percentage of flooded area calculated using flood simulation with a GIS tool. The population density and the population at age 65 years and over were also included in the calculation of sensitivity index. Sensitivities to heat wave and heavy rainstorm were quantified using the expert opinions from the Delphi survey and information on land use classification. Adaptive capacity was assessed in three sections: economic capability, infrastructure, and institutional capabilities. By combining the adaptive capacity and three different sensitivities, vulnerability to sea level rise (SLR-V), vulnerability to heavy rainstorm (HR-V), and vulnerability to heat wave (HW-V) were separately evaluated in 16 counties of Busan. Using cluster analysis, we could classify four major groups of counties based on SLR-V, HR-V, HW-V, and reported damage cost. For clustered groups, different adaptation strategies were suggested based on the different vulnerability patterns. Application of our methodology to Busan indicated that our methodology is easy to use and provides concrete policy implications when setting up adaptation strategies. The methodology developed in this study could also be used in mainstreaming climate change into Integrated Coastal Management (ICM). 相似文献