基于高阶思维的地理综合思维素养的提升途径探讨——以天球坐标解析地球公转的地理意义为例     

白絮飞  顾绍琴  杜卫红 《地理教学》2020,(2):7-10

地理核心素养包括人地协调观、区域认知、综合思维和地理实践力。综合思维是人们运用综合的观点认识地理环境的思维方式和能力。地理科学具有地域性和综合性,因此,在地理教学中提升综合思维素养水平是非常适合的。本文以地球公转运动知识理解为例,借助天球坐标的知识,多角度切入,对地球公转运动进行解析,有助于学习者地理空间思维能力和综合思维素养的提升,从而养成良好的学习和思维习惯,有助于高阶思维的养成。  相似文献   

2000—2015年中国高学历人才分布格局及其影响机制   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

武荣伟  王若宇  刘晔  古恒宇 《地理科学》2020,40(11):1822-1830

基于2000年、2010年中国人口普查分地级及以上行政区数据和2015年中国各省份1%人口抽样调查数据,采用变异系数、泰尔系数、基尼系数测度中国高学历人才比重分布的空间不均衡程度,并采用面板数据Tobit随机效应模型,识别影响高学历人才比重空间分布的主要因素。结果表明：① 中国的人才比重分布表现出极大的不均衡性,人才比重的高低与城市等级密切相关,主要表现在直辖市、省会城市、计划单列市等行政区吸引了大量人才,而普通地级城市人才比重相对较低;② 10 a间人才比重的变异系数、基尼指数和泰尔指数均有所下降,表明人才比重分布的空间不均衡程度有所下降;③ 平均工资水平、生活成本、城市等级、每万人高校在校学生数、每万人医院卫生院床位数、人均科学事业、教育事业经费与人才比重呈正相关,中学生师比、万人互联网用户数与人才比重呈负相关,失业率、单位面积二氧化硫排放量、绿地率对人才比重没有影响。  相似文献   

北太平洋副热带模态水盐度的年代际变化     

胡睿坤  边志刚  刘子洲  刘聪  翟方国  顾艳镇 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(2):9-21

副热带模态水(Subtropical Mode Water;STMW)在气候变化中起着重要作用。本文利用全球高分辨率数值模拟结果,研究了北太平洋STMW核心层盐度(Core Layer Salinity;CLS)的年代际变化及其物理机制。结果表明,CLS存在显著的年代际变化,其空间分布则与背景流场分布特征有关。侵蚀区CLS滞后生成区CLS约1~2年,这主要是海流平流输运引起的。生成区内,STMW的季节循环一般可分为生成期(12-4月)、隔离期(5-6月)和侵蚀期(7-11月),生成期混合层盐度(Mixed Layer Salinity;MLS)决定着隔离期和侵蚀期的CLS,而MLS年代际变化则主要由同太平洋年代际涛动存在负相关性的海表面淡水通量的变化引起。  相似文献   

基于深度学习的目标检测定位系统设计与实现     

王俊强  李建胜  程相博  杨戬峰 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(1):133-136,144

针对传统遥感影像目标检测方法效率不高,并且无有效手段对检测信息进行管理利用的问题,提出了在B/S构架下基于深度学习的目标检测及定位方法。通过集成深度学习框架、WebGIS以及数据库,实现了集遥感影像目标检测、展示及管理于一体的目标检测定位系统,满足多用户基于前端浏览器的并发目标检测需求。利用网格划分策略,实现了基于前端的大区域范围的目标快速检测。基于某机场飞机目标及某城市区域运动场目标检测结果表明:本文设计的目标检测定位系统能够在前端实现目标快速检测定位,具有较高检测精度,并可有效管理检测信息,为深度学习循环再利用提供数据支撑。  相似文献   

Feeding intensity and molecular prey identification of the mantis shrimp,Oratosquilla oratoria (De Haan, 1844), in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay     

Qi-Kang Bo  Yun-Zhao Lu  Hui-Jing Mi  Yan-Guang Yu  De-Xian Gu  Hong-Zheng You  Shuang Hao 《Marine Ecology》2020,41(4):e12594

Bohai Bay, a representative semi-enclosed bay of China, has been severely impacted in recent decades by rapid human development. Although the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria plays an important role in the Bohai Bay ecosystem and fishery, its feeding ecology and the impact of habitat changes on its feeding habits are poorly known. In this study, we sought to identify its feeding strategy through the separation of stomach contents, and to describe its trophic ecology during maturation in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay by the DNA barcoding method using a fragment (about 690 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (CO I) gene. A total of 594 specimens were collected from March to July 2018, and 347 (58.42%) stomachs were found to have food remains. More than half of the O. oratoria individuals had poor feeding activity, and the degree of feeding of females was higher than that of males, but there was no significant difference in the visual fullness index and the fullness weight index (FWI) between sexes for each month. In addition, the feeding activity of O. oratoria was consistent across the months, suggesting in artificial breeding programs it is not worried too much about the accessional diet supplied to the female bloodstocks except maintaining their normal food. A total of 167 retrieved prey items yielded 187 readable sequences; 86.63% of these sequences could be assigned to the species level. Consequently, 25 different prey taxa covering all readable sequences were identified, showing O. oratoria is a generalist predator. In terms of percent composition by frequency of occurrences (%N), crustaceans and fishes accounted for the same and highest percentage (35.83%) in the mantis shrimp diet, followed by mollusks (24.59%) and the remaining marine organisms (3.73%) including Polychaeta (2.67%), Sagittoidea (0.53%), and Chromadorea (0.53%). The result shows the benthic fish Oxudercidae (family) appears to be an especially important food supply for O. oratoria during maturation. The degree of cannibalism decreased with an increase in diet species and the frequencies of cannibalism in this study was noticeably higher than that in previous studies, suggesting that cannibalism may be a significant feeding strategy in the mantis shrimp O. oratoria in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay, and because of the frequently cannibalistic behavior, the high stocking density of broodstocks should be avoided.  相似文献   

Experimental Study and Fatigue Analysis of Vortex-Induced Vibration of Umbilical Cable Considering Internal Friction     

Gu  Hong-lu  Guo  Hai-yan  Liu  Zhen  Li  Fu-heng  An  Wan-bo  Li  Peng 《中国海洋工程》2020,34(2):151-161

In order to investigate the effect of internal friction of umbilical cable on its vortex-induced vibration(VIV)responses, the experimental study on VIV of bond umbilical cable(BUC) and un-bond umbilical cable(UBUC) was carried out in an experimental tank. A current generator in the laboratory simulated the uniform current, and the current velocities were observed in real time by using a Doppler Velocimeter. In addition, different sizes of top tension were applied to the umbilical cable model. The VIV responses of the umbilical cable model were measured by using Fiber Bragg grating(FBG) strain sensors. The displacement responses of umbilical cable model were reconstructed based on the experimental strain data processed by modal superposition method. In this paper, the traveling wave characteristics, the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of frequency and fatigue damage of the BUC and UBUC under VIV are studied. The experimental results show that there are obvious differences between BUC and UBUC in the response characteristics of VIV. The UBUC appears the traveling wave sooner than BUC, but its standing wave characteristics are more obvious than those of BUC at high velocities. Compared with BUC, the spatial-temporal distribution of UBUC frequencies appears wide-band distribution sooner, but has narrower bandwidth in the "lock-in" state. The level of fatigue damage of BUC was approximately the same as that of UBUC.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地古近纪岩相古地理   总被引：20，自引：6，他引：14  

邵龙义  何志平  顾家裕  罗文林  贾进华  刘永福  张丽娟  张鹏飞 《古地理学报》2006,8(3):353-364

古近纪是塔里木盆地由海向陆转化的时期。当时该区的海侵来自研究区西侧的古地中海分支,物源则主要是盆地北部的南天山以及南部的昆仑山,沉积中心在库车坳陷西部以及塔西南坳陷带的西部。古新世-始新世早期（库姆格列木群沉积期）在盆地北部库车坳陷发育砾岩、砂岩、碳酸盐岩及膏盐岩,沉积环境有滨岸、漏湖、潮坪及扇三角洲等,塔西南坳陷以碳酸盐岩和膏岩为特征,从东到西发育开阔台地、近岸局限台地、蒸发盐台地、辫状河三角洲环境等,二者之间即在塔北隆起及北部坳陷带位置为宽阔的古隆起区。始新世晚期-渐新世（苏维依组沉积期）整个盆地以滨浅湖为主,发育粉砂岩与泥岩互层沉积,塔西南坳陷虽然仍发育多个海相层,但海水的影响明显比始新世早期弱,当时主要古地理单元有海湾渴湖、滨浅湖、扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲。总体上,塔里木盆地在古近纪经历了早期以扇三角洲为主的浅水环境到晚期的滨浅湖及海湾溻湖环境,古近纪研究区的古气候以热带-亚热带的干旱气候为主。  相似文献   

不同结构林带防风效能风洞模拟     

李晓烨  王克俭  谷建才  刘启国  崔严 《中国沙漠》2019,39(6):118-125

防风林带结构是影响防风效能的主要因素。建立不同宽度、不同株行距林带防风效能与林带后距离之间的统计模型,可以为防风林建设提供指导性意见。通过风洞实验,在11 m·s^-1风速下,对4种宽度、5种株行距林带的背风面0~10H（H为林带高度）的风速进行测定,采用曲线参数估计法、傅立叶模型、SSF模型（Sum of Sin Functions）,构建了不同结构林带防风效能与林带后距离间的统计模型。结果表明：傅立叶模型拟合不同宽度林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优,可决系数（R²）均在98%以上;SSF模型拟合不同株行距林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优（R²>0.98）。根据构建的统计模型,风速为11 m·s^-1左右时,林带宽度8 m（两行一带）的防风林的防风效能存在明显优势;5种株行距的林带中,株行距为8 m×8 m的防风林带本试验条件下防风效果最好。  相似文献   

城镇增长下的收缩：以武汉为例     

高喆  尹宁玮  童馨仪  李东欣  顾江 《热带地理》2019,39(1):29-36

首先从人口、经济、用地3个维度综合考察武汉市增长与收缩的全貌,并采用县区及街道2个尺度的数据定量描述了武汉市增长与收缩的特征与空间格局,发现武汉市下辖青山区、硚口区、汉阳区和蔡甸区存在局部较严重的收缩现象,空间上形成集聚,形态上呈“穿孔式”。进一步以青山区为案例,着重从资本视角探讨发生局部收缩的内在机制,发现其存在老龄化、少子化趋势,但局部收缩的主因是资本从产业部门的“逃逸”。  相似文献   

国内外乡村记忆地理研究进展与展望     

宋玉  黄剑锋 《世界地理研究》2019,28(6):166-177

在地理学的文化转向思潮中,记忆研究逐渐受到地理学者的重视。在全球化时代,不同地方的文化将突破时空界限,在广域范围内形成全方位的沟通、交流与互动。本研究对1990至2017年国内外有关乡村记忆的研究文献进行梳理和评述。结果发现：①记忆是多学科的研究议题,近年来逐渐受到地理学者的关注。不同于国外重视对地方、景观等记忆的空间感知研究,国内更关注人对曾经生活过的地方的情感依恋。②乡村记忆作为一种地方性表达,在理性语境中与全球互动融合的同时也逐渐消解,急需进行保护与传承。③本文尝试从范式、视角、尺度、理论、内容和方法层面初步建立乡村记忆地理的研究体系,未来研究应从服务国家战略、推动地理学主导的学科交叉、构建理论体系、拓展全球-地方视阈内容集成、运用多元分析方法等方面加以深化,以期为乡村理论研究和实践发展提供有力的支撑。  相似文献