中国南部对流层中上层臭氧增加的气象场判识及臭氧变化的多尺度特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

郑永光  陈炯  陈尊裕  陈鲁言 《地球物理学报》2008,51(3):668-681

副热带急流对中国南部地区对流层中上层臭氧浓度的影响程度及地理范围目前还研究较少,且缺乏综合使用常规气象资料及卫星资料来判识对流层中上层臭氧浓度增高的方法.本文利用NCEP再分析与最终分析资料、日本GMS-5地球静止卫星水汽云图资料,以2001年3月27~29日中国南部的临安、昆明、香港臭氧探测个例为基础,结合1996年3月29日香港与2001年4月13日临安对流层中上层高浓度臭氧分布个例对副热带急流对中国南部对流层中上层臭氧浓度的影响进行了详细分析,提出根据气象要素场判识春季中国南部对流层中上层臭氧浓度增高的充分条件为根据卫星水汽图像上的暗区、高空急流入口区的左侧辐合区、高空锋区、对流层中上层≥1 PVU的向下伸展的舌状高位涡区来综合判断.本文的分析结果表明,本文个例中对流层中上层高浓度臭氧来自平流层;香港对流层中上层低浓度臭氧来自热带海洋地区.不仅臭氧垂直廓线的多个极小与极大值表明臭氧垂直分布的多尺度变化特征,而且对流层中上层PV分布以及卫星水汽图像分析也表明大气中的多尺度运动对臭氧垂直分布特征有显著影响.本文的结果表明与副热带高空急流相联系的平流层空气侵入不仅发生在中国大陆的较高纬度地区,较低纬度的昆明与香港地区也有平流层空气侵入导致对流层中上层臭氧浓度升高.  相似文献   

香港GPS基准站坐标序列特征分析   总被引：27，自引：3，他引：24       下载免费PDF全文

袁林果  丁晓利  陈武  郭志和  陈少彬  洪本善  周锦添 《地球物理学报》2008,51(5):1372-1384

利用香港GPS连续运行参考站网络2001年1月至2007年8月的观测资料,全面深入地分析了12个基准站坐标序列特征.本文采用主成分空间滤波算法去除公共误差,来提高坐标序列的信噪比,并采用最大似然估计准则定量估计滤波后坐标序列的噪声特性,计算了地球表面质量负荷（包括大气、非潮汐海洋、积雪和土壤水）对香港GPS基准站坐标序列的影响.研究结果表明：香港GPS基准站坐标序列具有高度的空间相关性,其公共误差具有较强的季节性变化特征;地表质量负荷变化引起的香港地壳形变可以解释公共误差序列中约为3mm的垂向周年变化,经过质量负荷改正后的公共误差序列与高阶电离层误差高度相关;滤波后坐标序列的噪声特性可以用可变白噪声加闪烁噪声模型来描述,顾及闪烁噪声所计算的速度误差要比只考虑可变白噪声计算的速度误差大2~6倍;基准站间存在达1.5 mm/yr的相对水平运动,揭示香港地区存在活动断层;部分基准站坐标具有明显的振幅为1～2 mm本地季节性变化,所有测站的残差序列也表现出强烈的季节性变化.  相似文献   

累计磁极性偏转及其在发电机模型评估中的应用     

陈龙生 《高校地质学报》1996,2(4):421-430

地磁板性反转纪录通常用代表两种极性的黑白间隔所组成的极性柱来表示。这里引入累计磁极性偏转曲线,作为描述地磁极性反转记录的一种新方法。通过组合整个地质时期地磁极性间隔的长度所获得的这种曲线,使人们更容易想象任一时期内地磁场极性的偏转,以及磁场的滞后性质,它同时提供了一种评估地磁发电机模型的有效手段。本文通过实例论述：如何运用累计磁极性偏转方法,评估无量纲参数和信噪比两者的变化及其对磁极性偏转、极性带长度和极性变化频率的影响。  相似文献   

海洋贝类Toll样受体及其接头蛋白MyD88的分子进化研究     

王璐  产久林  李倩  张琳琳 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(4):936-946

海洋贝类在长期的进化过程中具备了复杂和独特的免疫体系,为免疫防御系统的适应性进化研究提供了典型实例。目前海洋贝类天然免疫系统经典分子在后生动物演化历程中的特点尚不明确。为探究模式识别受体Toll样受体(TLR)及其接头分子髓样分化因子(MyD88)基因家族在后生动物中的进化历程,研究了32个后生动物演化代表性物种中TLR及MyD88基因家族的系统发育关系,以长牡蛎为代表物种探讨了长牡蛎TLRs和MyD88s在病原感染、环境胁迫、早期发育和组织分化条件下的基因表达模式。结果表明,海洋贝类中普遍存在TLR和MyD88基因家族的扩张,在腹足类和双壳类中检测到两个基因家族谱系特异性的基因扩张, 46个长牡蛎特异性扩张的TLR基因能够被病原诱导表达,且在不同类型的病原感染下,其表达模式具有特异性。和病原诱导表达的TLRs相比,参与牡蛎早期发育的TLRs起源相对古老。研究结果表明,海洋贝类天然免疫模式识别受体TLR及其接头分子MyD88通过基因复制和表达分化形成了复杂特异的信号传导通路,这有助于深入了解海洋贝类的天然免疫防御系统的特点,丰富后生动物天然免疫进化的脉络。  相似文献   

基于多变量LSTM神经网络模型的风暴潮临近预报     

刘媛媛  张丽  李磊  刘业森  陈柏纬  张文海 《海洋通报》2020,39(6):689-694

台风的风暴潮是台风引发的一种重要次生灾害,对沿海城市带来的威胁是多方面的。及时准确地预报风暴潮,对沿海地区采取合理措施减少人员伤亡和经济损失具有重要意义。本文利用长短期记忆神经网络 （LSTM） 模型,综合考虑风速、 风向、气压等气象因素和前时序的潮位数据,建立了风暴潮的临近预报模型。结果表明,基于 LSTM 的临近预报模型具有相当的预报技巧,利用前时序的风速和风向数据以及潮位数据建立的模型可对风暴潮潮位进行准确地预测。研究还表明,仅考虑前时序潮位的预测模型误差最大,考虑气压后的模型预测能力有一定进步,而考虑风的要素以后,预测的效果提升更为明显。  相似文献   

Agglutination of different cells by two lectins from microalgae     

ZHENG Yi  CHAN XIAO-qing  LIN Xiong-ping 《海洋科学》2008,32(6)

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An investigation into the correlations among GNSS observations and their impact on height and zenith wet delay estimation for medium and long baselines     

Johnny LO  Ahmed EL-MOWAFY 《地球空间信息科学学报》2012,15(4)

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Influence of South China Sea SST and the ENSO on Winter Rainfall over South China   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

ZHOU Lian-Tong  Chi-Yung TAM  ZHOU Wen  Johnny C. L. CHAN 《大气科学进展》2010,27(4):832-844

The present study investigates the influence of South China Sea (SCS) SST and ENSO on winter (January--February--March; JFM) rainfall over South China and its dynamic processes by using station observations for the period 1951--2003, Met Office Hadley Center SST data for the period 1900--2008, and ERA-40 reanalysis data for the period 1958--2002. It is found that JFM rainfall over South China has a significant correlation with Nino-3 and SCS SST. Analyses show that in El Nino or positive SCS SST anomaly years, southwesterly anomalies at 700 hPa dominate over the South China Sea, which in turn transports more moisture into South China and favors increased rainfall. A partial regression analysis indicates that the independent ENSO influence on winter rainfall occurs mainly over South China, whereas SCS SST has a larger independent influence on winter rainfall in northern part of South China. The temperature over South China shows an obvious decrease at 300 hPa and an increase near the surface, with the former induced by Nino-3 and the latter SCS SST anomalies. This enhances the convective instability and weakens the potential vorticity (PV), which explains the strengthening of ascending motion and the increase of JFM rainfall over South China.  相似文献   

Diurnal variations of circulation and precipitation in the vicinity of the Tibetan Plateau in early summer   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

K. C. Chow  Johnny C. L. Chan 《Climate Dynamics》2009,32(1):55-73

A regional climate model (RCM) has been applied to simulate the diurnal variations of the Asian summer monsoon during the early summer period. The ERA40 reanalysis data and the TRMM precipitation data are used to evaluate the performance of the model. The 5-year simulations show that the RCM could simulate well the diurnal cycle of the monsoon circulation over the region. A strong diurnal variation of circulation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be observed at the 500-hPa level, with strong convergence and upward motion in the late afternoon. The diurnal variation of the 500-hPa relative vorticity over the TP associated with the corresponding diurnal variation of convergence may lead to the formation of a prominent plateau-scale cyclonic circulation over the TP during the evening to midnight period. The simulated diurnal variation of precipitation over land is generally better than that over the ocean, particularly over the regions close to the TP such as the Bangladesh region in the southern flank of the TP, where the well-known nocturnal maximum in precipitation is well captured by the RCM. However, the late-afternoon maximum in precipitation over the Southeast Asia region is not well simulated by the RCM. The model results suggest that the diurnal variation of precipitation over the southern flank of the TP is associated with the strong diurnal variation in the circulation over the TP.  相似文献   

Decadal and interannual variability of the Indian Ocean Dipole   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

袁媛  陈仲良  周文  李崇银 《大气科学进展》2008,25(5):856-866

This study investigates the decadal and interannual variability of the Indian Ocean Dipole （IOD）. It is found that the long-term IOD index displays a decadal phase variation. Prior to 1920 negative phase dominates but after 1960 positive phase prevails. Under the warming background of the tropical ocean, a larger warming trend in the western Indian Ocean is responsible for the decadal phase variation of the IOD mode. Due to reduced latent heat loss from the local ocean, the western Indian Ocean warming may be caused by the weakened Indian Ocean westerly summer monsoon. The interannual air-sea coupled IOD mode varies on the background of its decadal variability. During the earlier period （1948-1969）, IOD events are characterized by opposing SST anomaly （SSTA） in the western and eastern Indian Ocean, with a single vertical circulation above the equatorial Indian Ocean. But in the later period （1980-2003）, with positive IOD dominating, most IOD events have a zonal gradient perturbation on a uniform positive SSTA. However, there are three exceptionally strong positive IOD events （1982, 1994, and 1997）, with opposite SSTA in the western and eastern Indian Ocean, accompanied by an El Nifio event. Consequently, two anomalous reversed Walker cells are located separately over the Indian Ocean and western-eastern Pacific; the one over the Indian Ocean is much stronger than that during other positive IOD events.  相似文献