全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 69篇 |
| 免费 | 3篇 |
| 国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
| 大气科学 | 13篇 |
| 地球物理 | 16篇 |
| 地质学 | 24篇 |
| 海洋学 | 5篇 |
| 天文学 | 4篇 |
| 综合类 | 1篇 |
| 自然地理 | 10篇 |
出版年
| 2021年 | 3篇 |
| 2020年 | 5篇 |
| 2019年 | 3篇 |
| 2018年 | 4篇 |
| 2017年 | 2篇 |
| 2016年 | 4篇 |
| 2015年 | 3篇 |
| 2014年 | 5篇 |
| 2013年 | 4篇 |
| 2012年 | 2篇 |
| 2011年 | 5篇 |
| 2010年 | 1篇 |
| 2009年 | 2篇 |
| 2008年 | 1篇 |
| 2007年 | 3篇 |
| 2005年 | 2篇 |
| 2004年 | 6篇 |
| 2003年 | 3篇 |
| 2002年 | 5篇 |
| 1999年 | 2篇 |
| 1998年 | 1篇 |
| 1997年 | 1篇 |
| 1994年 | 1篇 |
| 1993年 | 1篇 |
| 1991年 | 1篇 |
| 1989年 | 1篇 |
| 1978年 | 1篇 |
| 1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式： 共有73条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (HST/WFPC2) images of Io obtained between 1995 and 2007 between 0.24 and 0.42 μm led to the detection of the Pele plume in reflected sunlight in 1995 and 1999; imaging of the Pele plume via absorption of jovian light in 1996 and 1999; detection of the Prometheus-type Pillan plume in reflected sunlight in 1997; and detection of the 2007 Pele-type Tvashtar plume eruption in reflected sunlight and via absorption of jovian light. Based on a detailed analysis of these observations we characterize and compare the gas and dust properties of each of the detected plumes. In each case, the brightness of the plumes in reflected sunlight is less at 0.26 μm than at 0.33 μm. Mie scattering analysis of the wavelength dependence of each plume’s reflectance signature suggests that range of particle sizes within the plumes is quite narrow. Assuming a normal distribution of particle sizes, the range of mean particle sizes is ～0.035–0.12 μm for the 1997 Pillan eruption, ～0.05–0.08 μm for the 1999 Pele and 2007 Tvasthar plumes, and ～0.05–0.11 μm for the 1995 Pele plume, and in each case the standard deviation in the particle size distribution is <15%. The Mie analysis also suggests that the 2007 Tvashtar eruption released ～109 g of sulfur dust, the 1999 Pele eruption released ～109 g of SO2 dust, the 1997 Pillan eruption released ～1010 g of SO2 dust, and the 1995 Pele plume may have released ～1010 g of SO2 dust. Analysis of the plume absorption signatures recorded in the F255W filter bandpass (0.24–0.28 μm) indicates that the opacity of the 2007 Tvashtar plume was 2× that of the 1996 and 1999 Pele plume eruptions. While the sulfur dust density estimated for the Tvashtar from the reflected sunlight data could have produced 61% of the observed plume opacity, <10% of the 1999 Pele F255W plume opacity could have resulted from the SO2 dust detected in the eruption. Accounting for the remaining F255W opacity level of the Pele and Tvasthar plumes based on SO2 and S2 gas absorption, the SO2 and S2 gas density inferred for each plume is almost equivalent corresponding to ～2–6 × 1016 cm?2 and 3–5 × 1015 cm?2, respectively, producing SO2 and S2 gas resurfacing rates ～0.04–0.2 cm yr?1 and 0.007–0.01 cm yr?1; and SO2 and S2 gas masses ～1–4 × 1010 g and ～2–3 × 109 g; for a total dust to gas ratio in the plumes ～10?1–10?2. The 2007 Tvashtar plume was detected by HST at ～380 ± 40 km in both reflected sunlight and absorbed jovian light; in 1999, the detected Pele plume altitude was 500 km in absorbed jovian light, but in reflected sunlight the detected height was ～2× lower. Thus, for the 1999 Pele plume, similar to the 1979 Voyager Pele plume observations, the most efficient dust reflections occurred in the region closest to the plume vent. The 0.33–0.42 μm brightness of the 1997 Pillan plume was 10–20× greater than the Pele or Tvashtar plumes, exceeding by a factor of 3 the average brightness levels observed within 200 km of 1979 Loki eruption vent. But, the 0.26 μm brightness of the 1997 Pillan plume in reflected sunlight was significantly lower than would be predicted by the dust scattering model. Presuming that the 0.26 μm brightness of the 1997 Pillan plume was attenuated by the eruption plume’s gas component, then an SO2 gas density ～3–6 × 1018 cm?2 is inferred from the data (for S2/SO2 ratios ?4%), comparable to the 0.3–2 × 1018 cm?2 SO2 density detected at Loki in 1979 (Pearl, J.C. et al. [1979]. Nature 280, 755; Lellouch et al., 1992), and producing an SO2 gas mass ～3–8 × 1011 g and an SO2 resurfacing rate ～8–23 cm yr?1. These results confirm the connection between high (?1017 cm?2) SO2 gas content and plumes that scatter strongly at nearly blue wavelengths, and it validates the occurrence of high density SO2 gas eruptions on Io. Noting that the SO2 gas content inferred from a spectrum of the 2003 Pillan plume was significantly lower ～2 × 1016 cm?2 (Jessup, K.L., Spencer, J., Yelle, R. [2007]. Icarus 192, 24–40); and that the Pillan caldera was flooded with fresh SO2 frost/slush just prior to the 1997 Pillan plume eruption (Geissler, P., McEwen, A., Phillips, C., Keszthelyi, L., Spencer, J. [2004a]. Icarus 169, 29–64; Phillips, C.B. [2000]. Voyager and Galileo SSI Views of Volcanic Resurfacing on Io and the Search for Geologic Activity at Europa. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Ariz., Tucson); we propose that the density of SO2 gas released by this volcano is directly linked to the local SO2 frost abundance at the time of eruption. 相似文献
12.
James D. Ford Tristan Pearce Graham McDowell Lea Berrang-Ford Jesse S. Sayles Ella Belfer 《Climatic change》2018,149(2):189-204
The agri-food sector must adapt to changes in climate variability, while also helping to mitigate climate change. Measures termed ‘triple-win’ mitigate and adapt to climate change, while also improving soil health, thereby increasing yields. These measures might appear to be the easiest to implement, but in practice, barriers prevent full realisation. This study aims to move beyond previous research efforts that identify and categorise barriers by (i) revealing hidden barriers, (ii) understanding the interactions between barriers and (iii) exploring ways to address barriers. A case study focusing on crop rotation as a triple-win strategy in Ukraine demonstrates how a participant-driven iterative research approach can achieve these objectives. During semi-structured interviews with farmers and stakeholders, crop rotation emerged as an area of considerable dissensus with stakeholders commonly citing the greedy behaviour of producers as the problem. Further discussion indicated that the political economy of Ukraine caused financial constraints for producers and Q methodology allowed for additional clarity on the opposing views of crop rotation. Three factors emerged: producer insecurity, national insecurity and business insecurity. These three perspectives reveal contrasting priorities with producer insecurity and business insecurity concerned with the conditions under which producers must operate, while national insecurity has a focus on improving agricultural production to benefit the nation. Consensus statements across all factors could provide first steps to addressing barriers and an opportunity to open discussions amongst stakeholders. Finally, barriers arising from political processes demonstrate that climate policy needs to be integrated with other sector-specific policy decisions. 相似文献
13.
14.
Jennifer Lea 《Area》2008,40(1):90-98
There is a long history of removing oneself from 'society' in order to recuperate or repair. This paper considers a yoga and massage retreat in Southern Spain, and what opportunities this retreat experience might offer for recuperation and the creation of healthy bodies. The paper positions 'nature' as an active participant, and as 'enrolled' in the experiences of the retreat as a 'therapeutic landscape', and questions how and what particular aspects of yoga practice (in intimate relation with place) give rise to therapeutic experiences. 相似文献
15.
16.
James D. Ford Tristan Pearce Jason Prno Frank Duerden Lea Berrang Ford Tanya R. Smith Maude Beaumier 《Climatic change》2011,109(3-4):399-415
A survey documenting how climate change is perceived and responded to by Canadian mine operations was administered to a random sample of practitioners working at mine sites across Canada. Key findings include: (1) Mines are sensitive to climatic hazards; (2) There is concern about climate change among mine practitioners, but the majority have not yet noticed climate change to be affecting operations; (3) Future climate change is expected to have negative impacts for mine operations; (4) Mines are responding to climate change mainly through efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also through adaptation, although to a lesser degree; and (5) Knowledge of future climate change projections and impacts is limited, potentially constraining understanding of the nature of climate change risks. The survey compliments previous work documenting perceptions among upper level management on climate change in the Canadian mining industry. The results from both surveys are largely consistent, establishing that the mining sector perceives climate change as an emerging risk and is developing response options, but needs to invest more time and resources for adaptation to what are inevitable changes in climate. The results support the need for targeted in-depth research to assess the vulnerability of mining to climate change and to evaluate response options. 相似文献
17.
Human systems will have to adapt to climate change. Understanding of the magnitude of the adaptation challenge at a global scale, however, is incomplete, constrained by a limited understanding of if and how adaptation is taking place. Here we develop and apply a methodology to track and characterize adaptation action; we apply these methods to the peer-reviewed, English-language literature. Our results challenge a number of common assumptions about adaptation while supporting others: (1) Considerable research on adaptation has been conducted yet the majority of studies report on vulnerability assessments and natural systems (or intentions to act), not adaptation actions. (2) Climate change is rarely the sole or primary motivator for adaptation action. (3) Extreme events are important adaptation stimuli across regions. (4) Proactive adaptation is the most commonly reported adaptive response, particularly in developed nations. (5) Adaptation action is more frequently reported in developed nations, with middle income countries underrepresented and low-income regions dominated by reports from a small number of countries. (6) There is limited reporting on adaptations being developed to take advantage of climate change or focusing on women, elderly, or children. 相似文献
18.
ABSTRACTIn recent years cleantech (clean technology) clusters have emerged in many industrialized regions. Cleantech clusters are heralded as a key solution in the transformation toward a greener economy, with the potential to foster regional economic growth while simultaneously mitigating environmental challenges. Despite witnessing a growing tendency for cleantech activities to be organized in clusters, the research literature remains rather vague on what cleantech clusters are and how they emerge. The author therefore explores these questions with the use of empirical data from three internationally recognized cleantech clusters: (1) Cleantech San Diego, in Southern California, USA, (2) Green Tech Valley, located in the province of Styria, Austria, and (3) Sustainable Nation Ireland, located in the Dublin region, Ireland. The data and information used in the article were derived from empirical accounts sourced from existing literature, secondary data sources, on-site observations, and face-to-face interviews carried out between October 2015 and June 2016. The findings show that the cleantech clusters can be perceived as knowledge, innovation, and collaboration clusters that span industrial and institutional boundaries. The formation of the cleantech clusters is largely the outcome of strategic leadership on the one hand, and place-specific conditions and local capabilities on the other hand. 相似文献
19.
20.