震后典型建筑物倒塌分类及救援特点分析     

刘晶晶  宁宝坤  吕瑞瑞  胡杰 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(1):220-229

震后建筑物倒塌造成人员埋压,快速的搜索与营救是有效减少伤亡的重要途径之一。本文通过研究震后典型建筑物倒塌类型,从建筑物垂直和水平破坏角度出发,提出一套三级分类体系,并对每类倒塌建筑物的受力及生存空间进行讨论。同时结合大量文献及汶川地震救援案例资料,重点分析总结各类建筑物救援时的路线选择、救援通道建立、被困人员施救等技术特点。  相似文献   

北京平原地区V_S30估算模型适用性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

江志杰  彭艳菊  方怡  吕悦军  修立伟  黄帅 《震灾防御技术》2018,13(1):75-86

本文使用基于钻孔测井数据的3类模型,即常速度外推模型、速度梯度模型、双深度参数外推模型,通过对北京地区460个深度超过30m的钻孔剪切波速资料进行分析,详细探究了V_S30估算模型在本研究区的适用性。研究结果表明双深度参数外推模型在估算V_S30上准确度很高,其不需要大量的数据进行回归分析,且不具有区域独立性,可以为全球包括北京地区场地类别划分提供依据,进而在震害快速评估中用于确定场地影响,是一种值得推广的估算模型。  相似文献   

农村第二次土地调查数据入库应用研究     

罗云飞  杨敏华  周绿  周文斌 《测绘与空间地理信息》2010,33(3):147-148

第二次土地调查已进入全面建库阶段;而调查结果的入库关系到土地调查的成败。本文以在几个县的建库过程中遇到的问题为基础,重点阐述了在数据入库过程中应注意的问题,以便于提高数据库建设的效率与成果质量。  相似文献   

大兴安岭南段赛罕乌拉石海剖面分析及其与蒙山拦马墙石河结构对比   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吕洪波  高于  浦津  孟和达来  欧阳江城  巴特尔  刘波  张云喜  李桂林 《地质论评》2020,66(6):1572-1587

石海（石河/冰石河）作为冰缘地貌的重要标志之一,在国内地学界尚未引起足够的重视,以至于缺少介绍石海结构特征的中文文献,更未建立判别标准,在地貌认知阶段就发生很多误判。为了揭示石海的剖面结构特征,笔者等对位于大兴安岭南段的赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区乌兰坝石海首次进行了开挖解剖,从而归纳了原生石海的基本结构特征：岩块棱角鲜明,呈镂空状堆积,岩块直径总体上上大下小。根据野外调查确认,赛罕乌拉海拔1800 m以上的区域至少还存在着局部现代石海,也就是说,还残存着不连续冻土带,而且保持年平均气温0℃左右的气候环境。根据赛罕乌拉现今气候记录和石海分布,笔者等估算了全新世初期赛罕乌拉石海开始发育时的地表温度在0~-4℃,而今天年平均气温已经升高到2℃,升温幅度2~6℃。根据赛罕乌拉石海剖面结构特征,笔者等对山东蒙山石河进行了结构对比,认为二者剖面结构基本一致,排除了前人近年来争议明显的冰川侧碛堤和泥石流成因说。结构对比揭示山东蒙山境内全新世早期至少局部存在过冰缘气候环境,而这也为山东境内更新世冰川地貌研究提供了重要的信息。此外,本研究也为中国冰缘地貌解剖和资源调查提供了一个可以参考的研究实例。  相似文献   

Quick Phase Identification for Dense Seismic Array with Aid from Long Term Phase Records of Co-located Sparse Permanent Stations     

CHEN Yini  LI Jun  WANG Zhenjie  ZHAO Mengqi  YU Tiehong  LI Danning  YU Junyi  WANG Weitao 《中国地震研究》2020,34(3):328-342

The phase identification and travel time picking are critical for seismic tomography, yet it will be challenging when the numbers of stations and earthquakes are huge. We here present a method to quickly obtain P and S travel times of pre-determined earthquakes from mobile dense array with the aid from long term phase records from co-located permanent stations. The records for 1 768 M ≥ 2.0 events from 2011 to 2013 recorded by 350 ChinArray stations deployed in Yunnan Province are processed with an improved AR-AIC method utilizing cumulative envelope and rectilinearity. The reference arrivals are predicted based on phase records from 88 permanent stations with similar spatial coverage, which are further refined with AR-AIC. Totally, 718 573 P picks and 512 035 S picks are obtained from mobile stations, which are 28 and 22 times of those from permanent stations, respectively. By comparing the automatic picks with manual picks from 88 permanent stations, for M ≥ 3.0 events, 81.5% of the P-pick errors are smaller than 0.5 second and 70.5% of S-pick errors are smaller than 1 second. For events with a lower magnitude, 76.5% P-pick errors fall into 0.5 second and 69.5% S-pick errors are smaller than 1 second. Moreover, the Pn and Sn phases are easily discriminated from directly P/S, indicating the necessity of combining traditional auto picking and integrating machine learning method.  相似文献   

无磷条件诱导铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)释放挥发性有机化合物对莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)的影响     

杨王庭  赵静娴  徐庆欢  周律  甘丽平  左照江 《湖泊科学》2018,30(2):449-457

为了揭示磷(P)营养缺乏对蓝藻释放挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的影响及其对其他藻类的化感作用,以形成蓝藻水华的主要种类铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)为材料,在无P培养条件下对其释放的VOCs进行分析,同时测定VOCs对莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)生长、光合色素含量和光合性能的影响.结果表明,采用无P培养基培养铜绿微囊藻24 h后,其释放的VOCs种类和含量均明显增加,与标准培养基培养相比,VOCs总释放量增加了73.4%,并出现7种新化合物.将铜绿微囊藻释放的VOCs通入莱茵衣藻溶液中,在标准培养基中铜绿微囊藻释放的VOCs对莱茵衣藻生长无显著影响,而无P条件下释放的VOCs则明显抑制莱茵衣藻生长,其响应指数(RI)为-0.25.此外,莱茵衣藻光合色素含量、光系统II(PSII)最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、有效光化学量子产量[Y(II)]、光化学淬灭系数(q P)和光合电子传递速率(ETR)也明显降低,而非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则明显升高,其RI为0.26.由此可见,蓝藻在富营养化水体中大量繁殖以及P自身沉降特性导致的P缺乏会促进蓝藻释放VOCs,同时这些VOCs在保持蓝藻营养竞争优势和水体藻类多样性减少中具有化感抑制作用.  相似文献   

富营养化湖泊蓝藻-芦苇碎屑堆积分解过程及其潜在的共代谢效应     

石瑞洁  马杰  吕成旭  许晓光  党馨逸  蒋燕妮  叶子  吴懿婷  王国祥 《湖泊科学》2021,33(4):1062-1071

为探究富营养化浅水湖泊所富集的有机物对湖泊碳循环和水质的影响,本研究构建微宇宙系统,模拟蓝藻和芦苇碎屑单独分解及混合分解过程.通过测定各组上覆水营养盐浓度、有机质含量及结构的变化,揭示富营养化湖泊藻草残体混合分解过程中养分和有机碳的释放特征.结果表明,在实验0～88 h内,在添加相同的碳源条件下,蓝藻和芦苇混合处理组总碳(TC)释放量显著高于理论值,表明藻草碎屑混合分解存在共代谢效应.在培养初期,沉积物通过共代谢效应对水质产生了较大的影响,加速向水体中释放氮、磷物质.相较单独的植物分解,混合处理组中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的最大释放量分别提高了13.49%和26.84%;通过三维荧光光谱表征的类富里酸荧光强度变化也表明:较芦苇处理组,混合处理组中芦苇的分解速率更快.在培养开始后,各处理组均快速转变为厌氧状态,TC、TN、TP浓度随时间变化总体上呈先快速上升再逐渐平缓的趋势,分别在第228、108和324小时达最大值(372.4±2.98)、(138.45±2.97)和(7.95±1.11) mg/L.细菌特异性脂肪酸含量变化表明,将蓝藻碎屑添加到芦苇碎屑中,会增加芦苇碎屑中细菌的丰度,从而提高分解速率,激发共代谢效应.在全球气候变暖的背景下,随着富营养化湖泊藻类暴发频次增加,共代谢效应可能还会进一步加强,对富营养化湖泊水质将会持续产生影响.  相似文献   

洱海湖滨带水生植物多样性及分布现状     

田玉清  陈欣  吕超超  单航  丑庆川  吕兴菊  张霄林  倪乐意  曹特 《湖泊科学》2023,35(3):941-949

湖滨带水生植物对湖泊生态系统健康的维持具有重要作用。为了解当前洱海湖滨带水生植物现状,本研究于2020—2021年间每季度对洱海湖滨带水生植物进行调查。调查结果表明:(1)洱海湖滨带现有水生植物206种,属56科156属,其中湿生植物149种,挺水植物24种,沉水植物21种,漂浮植物7种,浮叶植物5种;常见种有狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、菰(Zizania latifolia)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)、菱(Trapa bispinosa)等,偶见种为忍冬(Lonicera japonica)、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)等。(2)从区系分布来看,洱海湖滨带物种主要为世界分布(83种)和热带分布(55种)两种类型,分别占总物种数比例的40.28%和26.71%。(3)在植物群落方面,洱海湖滨带共有18个主要植物群落类型,其中湿生植物群落4种,挺水植物群落3种,沉水植物群落9种,浮叶植物群落2种;以狗牙根群落、菰群落、苦草群落、菱群落为主。通过与历史文献结果的对比分析得出,近年来洱海湖滨带水生植物多样性有了显著提高,但目前存在挺水植物群落...  相似文献   

Variance-covariance component estimation for structured errors-in-variables models with cross-covariances     

Lv  Zhipeng  Sui  Lifen 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2019,63(4):485-508

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica - In this contribution, an iterative algorithm for variance-covariance component estimation based on the structured errors-in-variables (EIV) model is proposed. We...  相似文献   

Characteristics of the Seismic Waves from a New Active Source Based on Methane Gaseous Detonation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Weitao  WANG Xiang  MENG Chuanmin  DONG Shi  WANG Zhigang  XIE Junju  WANG Baoshan  YANG Wei  XU Shanhui  WANG Tao 《中国地震研究》2019,33(2):354-366

Active seismic sources are critical for obtaining high resolution images of the subsurface. For active imaging in urban areas, environment friendly and green seismic sources are required. In present work, we introduce a new type of green active source based on the gaseous detonation of methane and oxygen. When fired in a closed container, the chemical reaction, i.e. gaseous detonation, will produce high pressure air over 150MPa. Seismic waves are produced when high pressure air is quickly released to impact the surroundings. The first field experiment of this active source was carried out in December, 2017 in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, where a series of active sources were excited to explore their potential in mine exploration. In current work, we analyzed the seismic waves recorded by near-field accelerators and a dense short-period seismic array and compared them with those from a mobile airgun source, another kind of active source by releasing high pressure air into water. The results demonstrate that it can be used for high resolution near surface imaging. Firstly, the gaseous detonation productions are harmless CO₂ and water, making it a green explosive source. Secondly, the dominant seismic frequencies are 10-80Hz and a single shot can be recorded up to 15km, making it suitable for local structure investigations. Thirdly, it can be excited in vertical wells, similar to traditional powder explosive sources. It can also act as an additional on-land active source to airgun sources, which requires a suitable water body as intermediate media to generate repeating signals. Moreover, the short duration and high frequency signature of the source signals make it safe with no damage to nearby buildings. These make it convenient to excite in urban areas. As a new explosive source, the excitation equipment and conditions, such as gas ratio, sink depth and air-releasing directions, need further investigation to improve seismic wave generation efficiency.  相似文献