Empirical behaviour of tests for the beta distribution and their application in environmental research     

Mathias Raschke 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2011,25(1):79-89

The beta distribution is used in different models of environmental research. The power of the test for beta distribution of Raschke [Biased transformation and its application in goodness-of-fit tests for the beta and gamma distribution. Commun. Statist. B–Computa. Simula. 38 (2009): 1870–1890] is researched here. The power of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Kuiper, Cramér-von Mises, Watson and Anderson–Darling tests are researched for different sample sizes, levels of significance and parameters of the beta distribution. The limitation to these tests is discussed including the differences between previous publications. The empirical behaviour is investigated by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The most powerful test for the beta distribution is the Anderson–Darling test for the considered constellations of alternative distribution, contamination or scaling. The second best test is the Cramér-von Mises test, followed by the Watson test. The analysis of relative humidity data of meteorology and of runoff coefficients of the hydrology demonstrates the advantages of the new tests and the necessity to test an assumption of beta distribution.  相似文献   

Experimental impact cratering: A summary of the major results of the MEMIN research unit     

Thomas Kenkmann  Alex Deutsch  Klaus Thoma  Matthias Ebert  Michael H. Poelchau  Elmar Buhl  Eva-Regine Carl  Andreas N. Danilewsky  Georg Dresen  Anja Dufresne  Nathanaël Durr  Lars Ehm  Christian Grosse  Max Gulde  Nicole Güldemeister  Christopher Hamann  Lutz Hecht  Stefan Hiermaier  Tobias Hoerth  Astrid Kowitz  Falko Langenhorst  Bernd Lexow  Hanns-Peter Liermann  Robert Luther  Ulrich Mansfeld  Dorothee Moser  Manuel Raith  Wolf Uwe Reimold  Martin Sauer  Frank Schäfer  Ralf Thomas Schmitt  Frank Sommer  Jakob Wilk  Rebecca Winkler  Kai Wünnemann 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2018,53(8):1543-1568

This paper reviews major findings of the Multidisciplinary Experimental and Modeling Impact Crater Research Network (MEMIN). MEMIN is a consortium, funded from 2009 till 2017 by the German Research Foundation, and is aimed at investigating impact cratering processes by experimental and modeling approaches. The vision of this network has been to comprehensively quantify impact processes by conducting a strictly controlled experimental campaign at the laboratory scale, together with a multidisciplinary analytical approach. Central to MEMIN has been the use of powerful two-stage light-gas accelerators capable of producing impact craters in the decimeter size range in solid rocks that allowed detailed spatial analyses of petrophysical, structural, and geochemical changes in target rocks and ejecta. In addition, explosive setups, membrane-driven diamond anvil cells, as well as laser irradiation and split Hopkinson pressure bar technologies have been used to study the response of minerals and rocks to shock and dynamic loading as well as high-temperature conditions. We used Seeberger sandstone, Taunus quartzite, Carrara marble, and Weibern tuff as major target rock types. In concert with the experiments we conducted mesoscale numerical simulations of shock wave propagation in heterogeneous rocks resolving the complex response of grains and pores to compressive, shear, and tensile loading and macroscale modeling of crater formation and fracturing. Major results comprise (1) projectile–target interaction, (2) various aspects of shock metamorphism with special focus on low shock pressures and effects of target porosity and water saturation, (3) crater morphologies and cratering efficiencies in various nonporous and porous lithologies, (4) in situ target damage, (5) ejecta dynamics, and (6) geophysical survey of experimental craters.  相似文献   

Bridging the Gap III: Impact cratering in nature,experiment, and modeling          下载免费PDF全文

Thomas Kenkmann  Michael H. Poelchau  Alex Deutsch 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2017,52(7):1281-1284

  相似文献   

Response of Nereis diversicolor population (Polychaeta,Nereididae) to the pollution impact – Authie and Seine estuaries (France)     

P. Gillet  M. Mouloud  C. Durou  B. Deutsch 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

A survey within the French National Programme of Ecotoxicology was carried out in 2002, 2003 and 2004 to study the response of Nereis diversicolor populations (Polychaeta, Nereididae) to the impact of pollution in the Authie estuary (non-contaminated site) and in the Seine estuary (contaminated site). In the period studied, the density varied from 672 ind. m⁻² to 3584 ind. m⁻² in the Authie estuary and from 80 ind. m⁻² to 920 ind. m⁻² in the Seine estuary. Biomass varied from 3.94 g m⁻² (dry weight) in February 2004 to 38.0 g m⁻² in August 2003 in the Authie estuary and from 3.4 g m⁻² in February 2002 to 0.6 g m⁻² in February 2004 in the Seine estuary. Density and biomass of the populations of N. diversicolor were consistently lower in the Seine estuary than in the Authie estuary. Size frequency histograms permit the analysis of the cohorts as well as the elaboration of the growth curves. For the individuals from the Authie estuary, the relation between dry weight (DW) and length L3 (prostomium, peristomium and chaetiger 1) was DW = 4.2205 L3^2.9832. For those from the Seine estuary, the relation between dry weight and L3 was DW = 0.4697e^1.7209L3. The individuals of N. diversicolor should belong to eight cohorts in Authie estuary (two cohorts each year) instead of six cohorts for those from the Seine estuary. These differences can be attributed to the effect of pollution on the population of N. diversicolor.  相似文献   

A reassessment appraised: Comment on “Hornblende KAr ages and the climax of Tertiary metamorphism in the Lepontine Alps (south-central Switzerland): an old problem reassessed”—reply to Peter K. Zeitler and Jan R. Wijbrans     

Alexander Deutsch  Rudolf H. Steiger 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1986,76(3-4)

  相似文献   

Magnetism of igneous rocks from the Tourmakeady and Glensaul inliers, W. Ireland: mode of emplacement and aspects of the Ordovician field pattern     

E. R. Deutsch  K. M. Storetvedt 《Geophysical Journal International》1988,92(2):223-234

  相似文献   

Personalized sightseeing tours: a model for visits in art museums     

Mayeul Mathias  Fen Zhou  Juan-Manuel Torres-Moreno  Didier Josselin  Marie-Sylvie Poli  Andréa Carneiro Linhares 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(3):591-616

This article describes a method to provide adapted visit tours in art museums according to the preferences expressed by the visitor and exhibits prestige. It is based on a dual approach with, on the one hand an automatic textual analysis of the official information available online (labels of exhibits) that allows to rank the exhibit attractiveness for a standard museum visitor. On the other hand, individual preferences are also taken into account to adapt the visit according to the personal cultural awareness of the visitor. We use operations research to solve a routing optimization problem, aiming at finding a visit tour with time constraints and maximization of the visitor satisfaction. Depending on the instance size and the problem scale, an integer linear programming (ILP) model and a greedy algorithm are proposed to recommend personalized visit tours and applied on two museums: ‘Musée de l’Orangerie’ in Paris and ‘National Gallery’ in London. The obtained results show that it is possible to recommend a good tour to visitors of an art museum by taking into account the common prestige of the exhibits and the individual interests, joining automatic text summarization and routing optimization in a limited geographical space.  相似文献   

A Comparison of In Situ Analytical Methods for Trace Element Measurement in Gold Samples from Various South African Gold Deposits          下载免费PDF全文

Christoph Gauert  Mathias Schannor  Lutz Hecht  Martin Radtke  Uwe Reinholz 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(2):267-289

Trace element concentrations in gold grains from various geological units in South Africa were measured in situ by field emission‐electron probe microanalysis (FE‐EPMA), laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) and synchrotron micro X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SR‐μ‐XRF). This study assesses the accuracy, precision and detection limits of these mostly non‐destructive analytical methods using certified reference materials and discusses their application in natural sample measurement. FE‐EPMA point analyses yielded reproducible and discernible concentrations for Au and trace concentrations of S, Cu, Ti, Hg, Fe and Ni, with detection limits well below the actual concentrations in the gold. LA‐ICP‐MS analyses required larger gold particles (> 60 μm) to avoid contamination during measurement. Elements that measured above detection limits included Ag, Cu, Ti, Fe, Pt, Pd, Mn, Cr, Ni, Sn, Hg, Pb, As and Te, which can be used for geochemical characterisation and gold fingerprinting. Although LA‐ICP‐MS measurements had lower detection limits, precision was lower than FE‐EPMA and SR‐μ‐XRF. The higher variability in absolute values measured by LA‐ICP‐MS, possibly due to micro‐inclusions, had to be critically assessed. Non‐destructive point analyses of gold alloys by SR‐μ‐XRF revealed Ag, Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb, Ti, Sb, U, Cr, Co, As, Y and Zr in the various gold samples. Detection limits were mostly lower than those for elements measured by FE‐EPMA, but higher than those for elements measured by LA‐ICP‐MS.  相似文献   

Reactive transport modeling of redox processes to assess Fe(OH)<Subscript>3</Subscript> precipitation around aquifer thermal energy storage wells in phreatic aquifers     

Mathias Possemiers  Marijke Huysmans  Christian Anibas  Okke Batelaan  Jos Van Steenwinkel 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(8):648

  相似文献   

Geodynamic impact on the stable isotope signatures in a shallow epicontinental sea     

Mathias Harzhauser  Werner E. Piller  Christine Latal 《地学学报》2007,19(5):324-330

Analyses were made of a mollusc‐based meta dataset of 859 δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O data of Miocene nearshore settings in the European Paratethys Sea and its descendant Lake Pannon. The observed trends document a strong tie to geodynamics, which are largely decoupled from Miocene open ocean isotope curves. Semi‐ to fully enclosed, initially marine water bodies such as the Paratethys Sea are prone to switching seawater isotope signatures because they respond rapidly to changes in the evaporation/precipitation ratio. Two phases of positive deviations of oxygen isotope values of water (relative to the modern ocean value, SMOW) occurred during the Middle Miocene; both were initiated by tectonic constrictions of the seaways and became amplified by global warming and regionally decreasing precipitation. With the final disintegration of the Paratethys, the marine isotope signatures vanish. Instead, the observed isotope trends suggest a comparably simple system of an alkaline lake with steadily declining salinity. The ‘ocean‐derived’ Paratethys Sea may thus act as a key for understanding isotope trends in epicontinental seas.  相似文献