跨复杂走滑断层系的运动分布     

Pres.  WH 《地震地质译丛》1991,13(3):31-32

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青藏铁路沿线区域闪电分布和闪电气候   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张鸿发程国栋  董万胜赵阳  陈成品张彤　郭三刚普次  侯正俊 《干旱气象》2005,23(1):1-9

用1998年1月1日～2003年12月31日TRMM卫星探测到的25～38°N,75～100°E闪电资料,对青藏高原地区年、季、日发生闪电频数和随经纬度变化,闪电密度分布的气候特征进行了计算分析。结果表明:青藏铁路沿线区域年均日发生闪电数约7 600次,白天占到66.47%,夜间占到33.53%,昼夜比为2.0,明显高于中国其它区域昼夜闪电比1.2。日闪电频数的年变化是多峰值,闪电主要发生在4～9月,占年总闪电的94.75%。5月上中旬和9月中下旬为次峰值,主峰值在夏季6～8月占到年总闪电70.23%,最高出现在7月占到年总闪电25.19%。10月到次年3月发生闪电很少,仅占年总闪电的5.25%,特别是11月到次年2月只占总闪电0.83%。青藏高原发生闪电的日变化以单峰值为主,年均达到346.75次/h左右,傍晚18时达到最高峰值,占到日出现闪电的12.1%,19～21时每小时达到日闪电值的9%以上,21～22时为快速下降时段,午夜24～01时出现维持时段,每小时达到日闪电值的3%,凌晨4～5时有小起伏,每小时达到日闪电值的1%,上午8～11时达到日变化的最低谷,4 h仅占日出现闪电的1.3%,闪电峰值是低谷的100倍以上,说明青藏高原区域闪电高发时间主要在傍晚。4个季节发生闪电峰值的日变化时间表明,不同季节出现闪电峰值的日时段不同,春季主要在晚间,夏季主要在傍晚,秋季主要在傍  相似文献   

CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF THE INDUCED OVERCURRENT GENERATED BY CLOSE TRIGGERED LIGHTNING ON THE OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION POWER     

杨少杰  陈绍东  张义军  董万胜  王建国  周蜜  王孝波  余晖 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2010,16(1):59-65

Techniques of artificially-triggered lightning have provided a significantly useful means to directly measure various physical parameters of lightning discharge and to conduct research on protection methods of lightning electromagnetic pulses. In this study, using capacitive and resistive dividers, current probes and optical fiber transmission devices, we measured and analyzed the induced overvoltage on the overhead transmission line and the overcurrent through Surge Protective Devices (SPD) when a lightning discharge was artificially triggered nearby on August 12, 2008 at Conghua Field Lightning Experiment Site. The triggered lightning discharge contained an initial current stage and eight return strokes whose peak currents ranged from 6.6kA to 26.4kA. We found that overcurrents through SPD were induced on the power line both during the initial continuous current stage and the return stroke processes. During the return strokes, the residual voltage and the current through the SPD lasted up to the ms (millisecond) range, and the overcurrents exhibited a mean waveform up to 22/69μs with a peak value of less than 2kA. Based on the observed data, simple calculations show that the corresponding single discharge energy was much greater than the values of the high voltage pulse generators commonly used in the experiments regulated for SPD. The SPD discharge current peak was not synchronous to that of the residual voltage with the former obviously lagging behind the latter. The SPD discharge current peak was well correlated with the triggered lightning current peak and the wave-front current gradient. The long duration of the SPD current is one of the major reasons why the SPD was damaged even with a big nominal discharge current.  相似文献   

闪电电场变化波形时域特征分析及放电类型识别   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘恒毅  董万胜  王涛  邱实 《气象》2009,35(3):49-59

对闪电电场变化波形进行时域特征分析,研究闪电放电类型识别方法,是闪电探测系统研制工作的重要组成部分.利用闪电快电场变化资料,研究分析闪电波形的时域特征,分别统计负地闪回击和双极性窄脉冲波形的上升时间、下降时间、脉冲宽度等多个特征参数,得出负地闪回击波形上升时间平均值为2.9μs、下降时间平均值为89μs、脉冲宽度平均值为15.4μs,而双极性窄脉冲波形的上升时间平均值为1.7μs、下降时间平均值为2.1μs、脉冲宽度平均值为2.4μs.通过对闪电波形参数的统计分析,给出了不同放电过程的识别判据,实现了对地闪回击、双极性窄脉冲的自动识别,并利用实测数据进行了验证.结果表明,制定的波形识别判据对负地闪回击的识别效率可达到90%,对正地闪回击与双极性窄脉冲事件也有较高的识别率.  相似文献   

Coastal seas as a context for science teaching: a lesson from Chesapeake Bay     

Bell WH  Fowler EM  Stein JA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,47(1-6):253-259

Lessons that employ authentic environmental data can enhance the ability of students to understand fundamental science concepts. This differs from traditional "environmental education" in that school curricula need not set aside time for educators to teach only environmental topics. Rather, the "environment" is used to advance student learning in science and technology. The success of this approach depends on programs that encourage scientists to communicate more effectively with teachers at all education levels. The expanding diversity of research and monitoring activities on the world's marine waters constitutes an outstanding potential education resource. Many of these projects involve remote sensing with sophisticated instrumentation and employ Internet technology to compile measurements, interpret data using graphs and satellite imagery, and share the results among scientific colleagues and the general public alike. Unfortunately, these resources, which constitute a much shortened path between research findings and textbook presentation, are seldom interpreted for use by K-12 educators. We have developed an example that uses the Chesapeake Bay as a paradigm to demonstrate how such interpretation can assist educators in teaching important principles in physical oceanography and marine ecology. We present this example using PowerPoint to conduct a virtual tour of selected Internet sources. Our example begins with the conceptual "salt wedge" circulation model of Chesapeake Bay as a partially mixed estuary. Teachers have the opportunity to explore this model using salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen data taken from a research vessel platform during summer professional development programs. This source of authentic data, originally obtained by teachers themselves, clearly demonstrates the presence of a picnocline and deep-water anoxia. Our lesson plan proceeds to interpret these data using additional Internet-based resources at increasing scales of time and space. The "salt wedge," picnocline, and anoxia are examined using graphics derived from data taken by researchers using "ScanFish," a towed instrument that samples temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen at a resolution of only a few meters vertically and horizontally. The seasonal dynamics of these parameters at a given location are interpreted using biweekly monitoring data obtained as part of the state-federal Chesapeake Bay Program. The influence of annual variations in freshwater input is examined using stream flow data from US. Geological Survey gauging stations. Satellite remote sensing images from the TOPEX/Poseidon project are used to show how El Ni?o and La Ni?a events in the mid-Pacific affect the Chesapeake Bay system via rainfall on its watershed. Finally, the life cycle of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is presented to show how an estuarine organism has adapted to this truly unique and dynamic coastal environment.  相似文献   

雷暴云中闪电放电条件下的雨滴增长   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

葛正谟  董万胜 《高原气象》1996,15(2):212-220

从考虑雷暴云中电场力作用的水滴运动方程出发，利用球的正面阻力系数ψ和雷诺数Ｒｅ的实验关系，计算出水滴在外力作用下的瞬时运动速度，从而计算出环境电场作周期性变化时水滴增长的规律。  相似文献   

A review of advances in lightning observations during the past decade in Guangdong,China     

张义军  吕伟涛  陈绍东  郑栋  张阳  颜旭  陈绿文  董万胜  但建茹  潘汉波 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2016,30(5):800-819

This paper reviews recent advances in understanding the physical processes of artificially triggered lightning and natural lightning as well as the progress in testing lightning protection technologies, based on a series of lightning field campaigns jointly conducted by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences and Guangdong Meteorological Bureau since 2006. During the decade-long series of lightning field experiments, the technology of rocket-wire artificially triggered lightning has been improved, and has successfully triggered 94 lightning flashes. Through direct lightning current waveform measurements, an average return stroke peak current of 16 kA was obtained. The phenomenon that the downward leader connects to the lateral surface of the upward leader in the attachment process was discovered, and the speed of the upward leader during the connection process being significantly greater than that of the downward leader was revealed. The characteristics of several return strokes in cloud-to-ground lighting have also been unveiled, and the mechanism causing damage to lightning protection devices (i.e., ground potential rise within the rated current) was established. The performance of three lightning monitoring systems in Guangdong Province has also been quantitatively assessed.  相似文献   

多通道高速大容量数据采集分析系统   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

董万胜  刘欣生 《高原气象》1998,17(1):101-105

阐述了８通道高速大容量数据采集分析系统的硬件集成、操作控制及波形分析程序设计。在１９９７年甘肃平凉人工引雷试验中首次取得了微秒量级的闪电放电电流、电场变化、磁场等参量的同步资料。利用该系统还可对记录的闪电波形进行分析和多种信号处理。  相似文献   

发展与不发展热带扰动分析比较     

Gray  WH 刘纪元 《海洋技术学报》1997,16(2):90-94

发展与不发展热带扰动分析比较Ｗ·Ｍ·Ｇｒａｙ利用气象卫星可见光及红外数字化资料，结合探空资料，分析并比较了西北太平洋上发展和不发展扰动间的差别。结果表明：扰动的深对流量及其强度与扰动发展为热带风暴的潜势并没有良好的关系。热带风暴的“发生”与深对流的特...  相似文献   

A digital map of Public-Use Microdata Areas in the 1990 U.S. census     

Walters WH 《The Cartographic journal》1997,34(1):29-30

"Public-Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs) are the smallest geographic units for which many U.S. Census variables are reported. In particular, 1990 microdata records for households and individuals can be aggregated only by PUMA, metropolitan area, state, and region. The Census Bureau distributes maps of these PUMAs only on paper, however, and only for individual states. This note describes the construction of a national, digital base map of the PUMAs used in the 1990 U.S. Census microdata files (5% sample)."  相似文献