华南飑线系统对流与层云区闪电起始和通道位置处的云微物理特征     

赵川鸿  郑栋  张义军  刘显通  张阳  姚雯  张文娟 《热带气象学报》2021,37(3):358-369

利用广州S波段双偏振雷达观测数据和低频电场探测阵列三维闪电定位数据, 分析了2017年5月4日和5月8日华南地区两次飑线过程中闪电起始和通道位置处的雷达偏振参量和降水粒子特征。两次飑线中约80%的闪电起始和通道(统称闪电放电)定位于对流区。对流区闪电放电位置处的雷达反射率(Z_H)要比层云区平均大4~5 dBZ, 其它偏振参量的平均值较为接近。闪电放电位置处的Z_H中值随高度增加而减小, 但差分反射率(Z_DR)、差分传播相移率(K_DP)和共极化相关系数(CC)在-10 ℃层以上随高度变化不大; -10 ℃层以下, 对流区闪电放电位置对应Z_DR和K_DP随高度下降明显增大。闪电起始位置的平均Z_H比闪电通道位置处的平均Z_H大1~2 dBZ, 但前者在对流区内对应Z_H分布峰值区间为25~30 dBZ, 弱于后者的30~35 dBZ; 同时, 它们的对比关系在-20 ℃层上下不同。对流区内闪电放电位置处的主导性粒子是霰和冰晶, 它们的区域占比接近。在层云区内, 闪电放电位置主要是干雪和冰晶, 干雪区域的占比显著大于冰晶。   相似文献   

观测分析El Ni?o衰减早晚对南亚与青藏高原夏季降水和气温的影响     

梁涵洲  吴其冈  任雪娟  姚永红  刘师佐 《大气科学》2021,45(4):777-798

El Ni?o（厄尔尼诺）事件对东亚和南亚次年夏季降水影响及其机理已经得到充分研究,但其对夏季青藏高原降水是否有显著影响还不清楚。本研究根据1950年后El Ni?o事件次年衰减期演变速度,对比分析衰减早型与晚型El Ni?o事件对南亚季风区与青藏高原夏季（6～9月）季节平均和月平均气候影响差异。结果显示在衰减早型次年夏季热带太平洋海温转为La Ni?a（拉尼娜）型且持续发展,引起Walker环流上升支西移,印度洋和南亚季风区上升运动加强,同时激发异常西北太平洋反气旋（NWPAC）,阿拉伯海异常气旋和伊朗高原异常反气旋性环流响应,增加7～9月对流层偏南气流和印度洋水汽输送,导致南亚和高原西南侧降水偏多。衰减晚型次年6～8月热带太平洋El Ni?o型海温仍维持,印度洋暖异常海温显著,对应的印度洋和南亚季风区上升运动较弱,NWPAC西伸控制南亚季风区,阿拉伯海和中西亚分别呈现异常反气旋和气旋性环流,导致青藏高原西风加强,水汽输送减少,南亚北部和高原降水一致偏少。结果表明:（1）El Ni?o显著影响次年青藏高原西南部夏季季节和月平均降水与温度,是印度和高原西南部夏季降水显著相关的重要原因;（2）El Ni?o衰减快慢速度对南亚和青藏高原西南部夏季季节内降水的影响有着重要差异。  相似文献   

基于EPAS技术的日照市大气单颗粒物理化学特性及来源研究     

姚维杰  谢付莹  王大玮  田雨  刘航  刘晓咏  张宇婷  雷山东  孙业乐  吴林  潘小乐  王自发 《气候与环境研究》2021,26(6):608-620

城市地区大气气溶胶颗粒的物理化学特性复杂,理清单颗粒精细的化学成分和混合状态对于大气污染溯源和精细治理具有重要意义。本研究利用被动式气溶胶采样器分别在山东省日照市城区和钢铁园区两个区域进行了定点采样,并利用智能扫描电镜环境颗粒物分析系统（IntelliSEM EPAS）对采集的大气单颗粒物样品进行分析。结果表明,日照市大气颗粒物主要由不规则碳质颗粒（C-rich）、含硫颗粒（Ca-S、Na-S-Ca）与矿物颗粒组成。其中,城区样品中C-rich颗粒数量贡献为53.5%,是钢铁园区样品的2.5倍,大于1 μm的颗粒物数量为9.0%,是钢铁园区样品的1.7倍,城区居民活动和工业过程是城市中大气颗粒物特别是二次细颗粒的主要来源。钢铁园区样品中含硫颗粒物数量贡献为72.9%,含硫颗粒物质量贡献为30.9%,富铁颗粒物质量贡献为5.3%,分别是城区样品的1.8倍、3.6倍和2.9倍,表明钢铁园区大气颗粒物的主要来源包括钢铁企业排放的一次污染物及其转化生成的二次细颗粒物。  相似文献   

Intercomparison of CRA-Interim Precipitation Products with ERA5 and JRA-55     

叶梦姝  姚秀萍  张涛  许小峰  王式功 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2021,27(2):136-147

By using the hourly data from surface meteorological stations in China, the 3-hour precipitation data from CRA-Interim (Chinese Reanalysis-Interim), ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis 5) and JRA-55 (Japanese Reanalysis-55) are compared, both on the spatial-temporal distributions and on bias with observation precipitation in China. The results show that: (1) The three sets of reanalysis datasets can all reflect the basic spatial distribution characteristics of annual average precipitation in China. The simulation of topographic forced precipitation in complex terrain by CRA-interim is more detailed, while CRA-interim has larger negative bias in central and East China, and larger positive bias in southwest China. (2) In terms of seasonal precipitation, the three sets of reanalysis datasets overestimate the precipitation in the heavy rainfall zone of spring and summer, especially in southwest China. CRA interim’s location of the rain belt in the First Rainy Season in South China is west by south, the summer precipitation has positive bias in southwest and South China. (3) All of the reanalysis datasets can basically reflect the distribution difference of inter-annual variation of drought and flood, but the overall the CRA-Interim generally shows negative bias, while the ERA5 and JRA-55 exhibit positive bias. (4) For the diurnal variation of precipitation in summer, all the reanalysis datasets perform better in simulating the daytime precipitation than in the night, and bias of CRA-interim is less in southeast and northeast than elsewhere. (5) ERA5 generally performs the best on the evaluation of quantitative precipitation forecast, the JRA-55 is the next, followed by the CRA-Interim. CRA-Interim has higher missing rate and lower threat score for heavy rains; however, at the level of downpour, the CRA-Interim performs slightly better.  相似文献   

Moon-based Earth observation: scientific concept and potential applications   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Huadong Guo 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(6):546-557

Although Earth’s surface parameters obtained from satellite data have become more and more precise, it is still difficult to guarantee temporal consistency and spatial continuity for large-scale geoscience phenomena. Developing new Earth observation platforms is a feasible way to improve the consistency and continuity of such data. As the planet’s only natural satellite, the Moon has special advantages as a platform for observing Earth, including long lifetime, whole disk view, tectonic stability and unique perspective. After presenting the observation geometry constructed by using the ephemeris, this paper mainly discusses the characteristics of a lunar platform and the proper Moon-based sensors, as well as the scientific objectives of Moon-based Earth observation. Solid Earth dynamics, the energy budget of Earth, Earth’s environmental elements and the Earth-space environment are four potential applications analysed in this paper.  相似文献   

The Digital Belt and Road program in support of regional sustainability     

Huadong Guo  Yubao Qiu  Massimo Menenti  Fang Chen  Paul F. Uhlir 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(7):657-669

The Belt and Road initiative has a significant focus on infrastructure, trade, and economic development across a vast region, and it also provides significant opportunities for sustainable development. The combined pressure of climate variability, intensified use of resources, and the fragility of ecosystems make it very challenging, however, to achieve future sustainability. To develop the path in a sustainable way, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of these issues across nations and evaluate them in a scientific and well-informed approach. In this context, the Digital Belt and Road (DBAR) program was initiated as an international venture to share expertise, knowledge, technologies, and data to demonstrate the role of Earth observation science and technology and big Earth data applications to support large-scale development. In this paper, we identify pressing challenges, present the research priorities and foci of the DBAR program, and propose solutions where big Earth data can make significant contributions. This paper calls for further joint actions and collaboration to build a digital silk road in support of sustainable development at national, regional and global levels.  相似文献   

基于SkyLine的Web三维数字校园建设     

郑俊良  姚顽强 《测绘与空间地理信息》2018,(4):132-134

随着计算机技术、虚拟现实技术的发展,数字地球、数字城市的提出,三维数字化建设也得到迅猛发展,三维GIS已成为GIS发展的主要方向,应用前景广阔。三维数字校园建设随即被提出。本文论述了基于Sky Line平台三维数字校园建设的基本流程、关键技术、网络发布、系统设计等,最终实现了临潼校区的三维数字化建设。  相似文献   

地球深部真的贫铀钍吗? ——来自秦岭造山带加里东期岩浆岩体锆石铀钍含量的讨论     

伍皓  李小刚  吴晨  夏彧  周恳恳  熊国庆  姚雪婷 《地质论评》2021,67(5):1207-1230

为尝试利用锆石来初步探索地球内部铀、钍的丰度,通过搜集秦岭造山带加里东期岩浆岩体锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测年文献,掌握了3件超基性岩、52件基性岩、46件中性岩、90件酸性岩,共计191件样品,6979个（铀含量数据3552个,钍含量数据3427个）锆石定年数据。数据分析指示铀和钍在同一类型岩浆岩锆石中含量均相差悬殊,可在不同类型岩浆岩锆石中富集或亏损,不具有从超基性岩到基性岩到中性岩再到酸性岩总体增加的趋势。在所有样品锆石铀、钍平均值2倍以上的45件高富集样品中的34件呈现“局部长期”分布的特征,表现为：10件在451.0~422.1 Ma期间的以OIB型基性、中基性岩为主的样品约29 Ma时间集中产出在南秦岭大巴山地区,岩浆多来自由HIMU,EMII和EMI三个富集地幔端元组分混合而成的复杂地幔区;24件在495.9~413.6 Ma期间的以I型、S-I型酸性岩为主的样品约82 Ma时间集中产出于北秦岭商丹（商南—丹凤）地区,岩浆可来自地幔、壳幔混合和地壳源区。结合华南金属铀（0价）的发现等前人研究成果初步分析认为,加里东期大巴山和商丹地区可能分别存在地幔柱和大陆型热点,地核中大量铀、钍沿地幔柱和大陆型热点上升致使地幔和地壳局部熔体中铀、钍长期富集,其超高含量可能被熔体中锆石结晶部分记录,这一元素迁移过程可能是两区域产出高锆石铀、钍含量样品和商丹地区生成铀矿的主要原因。支持铀、钍可在地核和地幔柱富集的认识。  相似文献   

新疆塔什库尔干县含稀有金属伟晶岩-碳酸岩的时代——对帕米尔构造结稀有金属成矿作用的启示     

王威  马华东  王家鑫  朱炳玉  柳献军 《地质论评》2021,67(4):67041119-67041128

帕米尔构造结位于青藏高原北缘,记录了自新元古代晚期以来到新生代完整的特提斯构造演化过程。在长期的构造—岩浆演化过程中,发育了不同时代、不同类型的成矿事件。野外调查表明,在帕米尔北东段,发育了含绿柱石的伟晶岩及含氟碳铈矿的碳酸岩(碳酸岩—伟晶岩组合)。通过独居石及锆石U-Pb定年,识别出该区两期伟晶岩带(包括碳酸岩),分别是新生代和中生代(19～18 Ma和200 Ma),其中早期含绿柱石伟晶岩形成于古特提斯洋关闭后的伸展阶段,而新生代含氟碳铈矿碳酸岩—伟晶岩组合,与新生代陆内走滑伸展事件相关,表明帕米尔构造结伸展走滑启动的时间可能在19 Ma。结合区域地球化学异常特征,表明在帕米尔地区有望在稀有、轻稀土找矿上获得突破。  相似文献   

青藏高原唐古拉多年冻土区冻融循环过程中的能量平衡特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘艺阗  姚济敏  赵林  肖瑶  乔永平  史健宗 《冰川冻土》2021,43(4):1073-1082

青藏高原多年冻土区冻融循环过程对地表能量及其分配的影响研究相对较少,青藏高原唐古拉站多年冻土的实测资料,依据10 cm土壤温度划分浅层土壤冻融循环的各个阶段并结合能量闭合率、地表能量各通量等数据探讨浅层土壤冻融循环过程与地气间水热交换过程之间的影响。结果表明：浅层土壤冻融循环过程各阶段均受气候变化的影响,其融化过程起始时间提前同时冻结过程起始时间推后,完全融化阶段持续时间增加,且逐渐接近完全冻结阶段持续时间;在浅层土壤不同冻融状态下,能量闭合率差值较大,其中完全融化阶段能量闭合状况普遍好于完全冻结阶段;净辐射值在完全融化阶段高于完全冻结阶段,净辐射在完全冻结阶段主要转化为感热通量,在完全融化阶段主要转化为潜热通量,地表土壤热通量在完全融化阶段为正值,在完全冻结阶段为负值。  相似文献