Analysis of mobilized stress ratio of gap-graded granular materials in direct shear state considering coarse fraction effect     

Shi  X. S.  Liu  Kai  Yin  Jianhua 《Acta Geotechnica》2021,16(6):1801-1814

Weathered rockfill materials, characterized by a mixture of soil matrix and rock aggregates, are widely distributed in mountainous areas. These soils are frequently used for subgrade or riprap in engineering practice, and the mobilized shear strength is crucial for analyzing the displacement and stability of these geo-structures. A series of direct shear tests are performed on a gap-graded soil with a full range of coarse fraction. The behavior of gap-graded soils is analyzed, and a simple model is proposed for the evolution of mobilized stress ratio during direct shearing process based on mixture theory. The change of inter-aggregate configuration is incorporated by introducing a structure variable which increases with coarse fraction and decreases approximately linearly with the overall horizontal shear strain in double logarithmic plot. It reasonably reflects a gradually transformation from a matrix-sustained structure into an aggregate-sustained one with the increase of coarse fraction. The model has four parameters, and at least two direct shear tests need to be done for the calibration. Validation of the model is done by using the test data in this work and those from the literature.

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碳市场顶层设计路线图     

邹骥  柴麒敏  陈济  傅莎  葛兴安  胡敏  李昂  林丹妮  林殷  刘冬惠  刘俊伶  刘爽  祁悦  王克  王庶  张俊杰 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(3):217-221

中国正面临着低碳减排和保持经济增速的双重挑战。为利用碳排放权交易机制以最低的社会成本实现减排目标,我国自2013年起开始建设碳排放权交易试点,并于2017年12月起宣布正式启动全国碳市场。然而碳市场的顶层设计不可一蹴而就,需要在我国宏观经济改革的大背景下分阶段逐步推进。短期（2020年前）碳市场建设重在强化产权制度建设,完善市场交易基础。中期（2021—2030年）碳市场建设要形成活跃的市场氛围,充分降低我国的温室气体达峰成本。长期（2031—2050年）碳市场建设要形成稳定上升的碳价趋势,为我国的低碳转型提供长期动力。  相似文献   

基于逆推法和德尔菲法的地质灾害气象服务效益评估     

狄靖月  徐辉  许凤雯  杨寅  包红军  张国平 《气象》2019,45(5):705-712

地质灾害气象服务发挥越来越重要的作用,既有可量化的经济效益,也有不可忽视难以量化的、潜在的社会效益和生态效益。根据历年地质灾害调查与分析数据,运用逆推法结合德尔菲法,建立地质灾害气象服务效益评估模型,并根据已有研究及防汛经验对模型的系数进行量化。模型以地质灾害气象预报评分和灾害直接经济损失为输入,以防灾减灾效益值、防灾减灾效益百分率、气象服务直接经济效益、气象服务直接经济效益百分率为输出,可同时对各区域、各时间段的地质灾害过程进行气象服务效益分段评估,也可评估年度地质灾害气象服务效益。该模型在2017年地质灾害气象效益评估中表现良好,有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

吸湿性播撒对暖性对流云减雨影响的数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

刘佩  银燕  陈倩  楼小凤 《应用气象学报》2019,30(2):211-222

利用以色列特拉维夫大学二维面对称分档云模式（two-dimensional slab-symmetric detailed spectral bin microphysical model of Tel Aviv University）,对2016年9月4日16:00（北京时）前后我国华东地区的一次暖性浅对流云降水过程进行模拟,模式模拟的强回波中心高度和最大回波强度范围与观测基本一致。并在此基础上进行了小于1 μm的吸湿性核的播撒减雨试验,分别考虑了不同播撒时间、不同播撒高度以及不同播撒剂量的敏感性测试。结果表明:在云的发展阶段早期播撒能起到更好的减雨效果,播撒时间越早对大粒子生长过程的抑制作用越强,随着播撒时间向后推移,受抑制作用最显著的粒径段向小粒径端偏移;在云中心过饱和度大的区域下方进行播撒,减雨效果更加明显,当播撒剂量为350 cm-3时,地面累积降水量减少率可达23.3%;另外,随着播撒剂量的增加,减雨效果更加显著,甚至能达到消雨的效果。因此,在暖性浅对流云中合理地播撒小于1 μm的吸湿性核能达到较好的减雨或消雨效果。  相似文献   

我国华东与西南县域主要气象敏感性疾病变化特征及其医疗费用研究     

王嘉鑫  石彦军  卢山  冯鑫媛  王式功  张莹 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2019,13(6):133-140

摘要：针对目前医疗费用不断上涨的现实问题,基于安徽省阜南县和贵州省锦屏县相关医疗机构的全部住院数据和气象资料,首先分析两县疾病谱特征,然后从季节和24节气角度,分析两县主要气象敏感性疾病（因天气和气候异常变化而诱发或加重的相关疾病）住院人次和医疗费用的变化特征以及人体舒适度对当地主要气象敏感性疾病发病的影响。结果表明,阜南县和锦屏县人群中住院人数最多的疾病分别是循环和呼吸系统两大类气象敏感性疾病,医疗费用最高的前六位疾病都包含循环、呼吸和消化系统疾病,其三者医疗费用总和分别占两县总医疗费用的44.9%和45.8%,因此,从降低医疗费用的角度来看加强这三类主要气象敏感性疾病的预防十分重要。此外,三种系统疾病医疗费用呈现出明显的季节变化特征：其中,循环系统疾病的医疗费用在季节转换期间明显高于各季节内,呼吸系统疾病冬春季的医疗费用远高于夏秋季节,消化系统疾病夏季医疗费用最高。两县9月的体感温度最接近人体最佳舒适温度,而此时上述三类疾病的住院人次及医疗费用也是相对低点。此研究结果可为当地相关疾病的适时防控、有效降低医疗费用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Matlab与高级编程语言在科学计算中的联合运用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

高立峰  陈飞  胡光武  殷翔  沙宏武 《地震地磁观测与研究》2007,28(2):111-114

在数字地震观测、地震预报及地震工程研究中,Matlab作为一套功能强大的科学计算及数学分析软件,得到广泛的应用.本文介绍如何将Matlab高效的数值计算和分析能力与高级编程语言结合的方法.  相似文献   

如何提高磁照图数字化的精度     

高立峰  陈晓明  陈飞  胡光武  殷翔  沙宏武 《地震地磁观测与研究》2007,28(4):32-34

CBMD是一款针对CB-3模拟磁照图进行数字化处理的软件,利用专业图像处理技术,对模拟磁照图进行数字化,由于模拟仪器调试及存放因素造成了图纸状况不尽相同,使用者在数字化处理过程中,根据不同的图,纸采用相应的方法进行处理,才能保证数字化结果精确度.本文就主要的几种影响处理精度的情况展开讨论,并提出具体的解决方法.  相似文献   

旅游地传统饮食文化原真性感知对满意度与行为意向的影响——以宏村臭鳜鱼为例     

莫宏伟  尹寿兵  刘云霞 《热带地理》2022,42(11):1918-1930

在区分地方饮食与传统饮食概念的基础上,选择宏村传统饮食臭鳜鱼作为研究对象,通过对就餐环境、服务、食物3个原真性维度和满意度与行为意向2个维度,构建Amos结构方程模型,探究游客对传统饮食文化的原真性感知及其对旅游地就餐满意度和行为意向的影响。结果显示,3个维度的原真性均对满意度呈显著、直接、正向影响,对行为意向呈显著、间接、正向影响;其中,环境原真性对就餐满意度影响最大,其次为服务原真性,最后为食物原真性。研究认为,即使体验对象是与原真性关联紧密的传统饮食,大众游客仍更关注整体就餐环境和服务氛围,食物本身对满意度的影响最低。游客需求引发传统饮食文化舞台化重塑,并呈现“去传统化”与“去地方化”特征,旅游地饮食文化塑造对环境的关注大于食物,但当地居民更加关注食物本身的口味,主客关注差异和食物生产过程的游客需求导向引发当地居民对舞台化饮食的认同度降低。未来旅游地要充分考虑传统饮食的特殊性,重塑让游客与本地居民更加满意的饮食文化。  相似文献   

Understanding the dynamical-microphysical-electrical processes associated with severe thunderstorms over the Beijing metropolitan region     

Xiushu QIE  Shanfeng YUAN  Zhixiong CHEN  Dongfeng WANG  Dongxia LIU  Mengyu SUN  Zhuling SUN  Abhay SRIVASTAVA  Hongbo ZHANG  Jingyu LU  Hui XIAO  Yongheng BI  Liang FENG  Ye TIAN  Yan XU  Rubin JIANG  Mingyuan LIU  Xian XIAO  Shu DUAN  Debin SU  Chengyun SUN  Wenjing XU  Yijun ZHANG  Gaopeng LU  Da-Lin ZHANG  Yan YIN  Ye YU 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2021,64(1):10-26

The Dynamical-microphysical-electrical Processes in Severe Thunderstorms and Lightning Hazards(STORM973)project conducted coordinated comprehensive field observations of thunderstorms in the Beijing metropolitan region(BMR)during the warm season from 2014 to 2018.The aim of the project was to understand how dynamical,microphysical and electrical processes interact in severe thunderstorms in the BMR,and how to assimilate lightning data in numerical weather prediction models to improve severe thunderstorm forecasts.The platforms used in the field campaign included the Beijing Lightning Network(BLNET,consisting of 16 stations),2 X-band dual linear polarimetric Doppler radars,and 4 laser raindrop spectrometers.The collaboration also made use of the China Meteorological Administration’s mesoscale meteorological observation network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Although diverse thunderstorm types were documented,it was found that squall lines and multicell storms were the two major categories of severe thunderstorms with frequent lightning activity and extreme rainfall or unexpected local short-duration heavy rainfall resulting in inundations in the central urban area,influenced by the terrain and environmental conditions.The flash density maximums were found in eastern Changping District,central and eastern Shunyi District,and the central urban area of Beijing,suggesting that the urban heat island effect has a crucial role in the intensification of thunderstorms over Beijing.In addition,the flash rate associated with super thunderstorms can reach hundreds of flashes per minute in the central city regions.The super(5%of the total),strong(35%),and weak(60%)thunderstorms contributed about 37%,56%,and 7%to the total flashes in the BMR,respectively.Owing to the close connection between lightning activity and the thermodynamic and microphysical characteristics of the thunderstorms,the lightning flash rate can be used as an indicator of severe weather events,such as hail and short-duration heavy rainfall.Lightning data can also be assimilated into numerical weather prediction models to help improve the forecasting of severe convection and precipitation at the cloud-resolved scale,through adjusting or correcting the thermodynamic and microphysical parameters of the model.  相似文献   

Paleoenvironmental implications of the guano phosphatic cementation on Dongdao Island in the South China Sea     

Xiao-Dong Liu  Li-Guang Sun  Zhong-Qi Cheng  San-Ping Zhao  Ke-Xin Liu  Xiao-Hong Wu  Zhou-Qing Xie  Xue-Bin Yin  Hong-Hao Luo  Xing-Fang Ding  Dong-Bo Fu  Yu-Hong Wang 《Marine Geology》2008,247(1-2):1-16

The phosphatic cement in the bioclastic sediment sequence on the northeastern shore of Dongdao Island in the South China Sea was studied and its paleoenvironmental implications discussed. Petrological characteristics and major, trace, REE element data unequivocally supported the notion that phosphatization was closely associated with avian guano decomposition and leaching, whereas carbon and oxygen isotope results further revealed that meteoric water were involved in these processes. AMS ¹⁴C dates on the brown phosphate cements indicate that they were formed around 5700, 5000–5100 and 2900 yr BP, respectively. The multi-episodes of phosphatization very likely correspond to intermittent seabird occupation on this island — possibly reflecting Holocene sea-level oscillation and/or long term climate changes in the South China Sea that have controlled seabird habitat. The phosphate cementation, which occurs widely in tropical islands, may be another useful monitor for sea-level and/or paleoclimate changes.  相似文献