Effects of chemical environment on the solubility and incorporation mechanism for hydrogen in olivine     

Quan Bai  D. L. Kohlstedt 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1993,19(7):460-471

To investigate the solubility and the sites of incorporation of hydrogen in olivine as a function of point defect concentration, two-stage high-temperature annealing experiments have been carried out. The first annealing stage (the dry preannealing stage) was conducted at a total pressure of 0.1 MPa, a temperature of 1300° C and various oxygen fugacities in the range 10^?11–10^?4 MPa for times > 12 h. In these heat treatments, the samples were buffered against either orthopyroxene or magnesiowustite, or they remained unbuffered. The second annealing stage (the hydrothermal annealing stage) was performed at 300 MPa and 900–1050 ° C under a hydrogen fugacity of ～ 158 MPa for 1–5 h. Infrared spectra from the annealed samples revealed two distinct groups of bands. Group I bands occurred at wavenumbers in the range 3450–3650 cm^?1, while Group II bands occurred in the range 3200–3450 cm^?1. The hydrogen solubility associated with Group I bands is proportional to f _{O 2} to the 1/6 power for samples preannealed in contact with orthopyroxene, to the 1/3 power for samples preannealed in contact with magnesiowustite, and to the 1/13 power for samples preannealed in the absence of a solid-state buffer. The hydrogen concentration for Group II bands varies with f _{o 2} to the 1/3 power for opxbuffered samples, to the 1/2 power for mw-buffered samples, and to the 1/3 power for unbuffered samples. The dependence of hydrogen solubility on oxygen fugacity and orthopyroxene activity suggests that hydrogen is incorporated into the olivine structure via association with point defects. The presence of two distinct groups of absorption bands indicates that hydrogen is associated with two distinct lattice defects. The following point defect model for the mechanism of incorporation of hydrogen in olivine is consistent with these results: Hydrogen ions responsible for the Group I bands are associated with doubly charged oxygen interstitials, while hydrogen ions responsible for the Group II bands are associated with singly charged oxygen interstitials. Furthermore, the infrared bands observed in naturally derived olivines are present in spectra from our hydrothermally annealed crystals. Thus, the mechanisms of incorporation of hydrogen in olivine under geological conditions are the same as those operative under laboratory conditions. The maximum solubility reached in these experiments was ～ 360H/10⁶Si, which corresponds to ～ 0.002 wt% of H₂O. This value is a lower bound for the solubility of hydrogen in olivine under upper mantle conditions.  相似文献   

The typing of Au and base-metal occurrences by plasma/mass spectrometry: initial results     

R.G. Smith  E.J. Brooker  D.J. Douglas  E.S.K. Quan  G. Rosenblatt 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1984,21(1-3)

This paper discusses the application of the newly developed ELAN 250 I.C.P./mass spectrometer to exploration geochemistry. This instrument combines an inductively coupled plasma with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The combination of these two existing technologies makes it possible for the first time to perform stable-isotope and elemental analysis rapidly and concurrently.Particular attention is paid to the use of lead isotopes to type Au and base-metal occurrences. Data are presented on galena samples obtained from the Geological Survey of Canada and the Royal Ontario Museum. Consideration is also given to the potential usefulness of Pb isotopes and trace-element data to type mineral occurrences and to identify new ones.  相似文献   

1904～1907年拉萨气候特征再分析     

张雪芹  葛全胜 《地理科学进展》2001,20(4):364-370

通过对以《有泰拉萨天气日志》为主的历史文献资料的深入挖掘 ,作者分析了 1 90 4年 2月 9日～ 1 90 7年 4月 1 7日拉萨的气候特征 :气候温暖 ,暖冬现象显著 ,而且 1 90 5年气温高于 1 90 4年 ;干旱气候占主导地位 ,间有多雨期 ;天气多变 ,多风 ,有雾 ;水灾、雪灾、干旱等自然灾害严重。拉萨与全球同时段的气候变化大体一致。  相似文献   

地下水超采对农业灌溉的影响及对策研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周万亩  齐全  徐敏  付晓刚 《地下水》2007,29(4):17-19,29

在北方一些灌区,由于地下水的过量开采,出现了水位持续下降、地下水矿化度增加、土壤盐渍化等一系列环境问题.一些灌区对地下水的可采资源量估计过高,造成目前超采仍有进一步发展的趋势.因此必须采取有效措施控制地下水超采,实现灌区农业的可持续发展、保护环境.讨论灌区地下水超采的判别方法、超采对灌区的影响、以及应采取的对策.  相似文献   

新疆阿尔泰山南缘产于麦兹泥盆纪火山-沉积盆地铅锌矿床稳定同位素特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王书来  陈克强  康吉昌  郭全 《地质与勘探》2007,43(6):25-31

麦兹火山-沉积盆地内铅锌矿呈似层状、透镜状,矿石构造以条纹条带状、块状、斑杂状为主,矿物成分相对简单,矿体直接容矿围岩为火山-沉积岩.矿床δ34S值为-20.6‰～-10‰;矿床石英流体包裹体水的δD值为-89.1‰～-49.48‰,δ18OSMOW值为4.7‰～1.2‰.矿化层中方解石的δ13C值介于-6.7‰～-14.3‰之间,δ18O值在10.3‰～12.9‰之间.矿床属火山-沉积岩容矿的块状硫化物矿床,介于典型的火山岩容矿的块状硫化物型矿床(VHMS)和典型沉积岩容矿的硫化物矿床(SEDEX型)之间的过渡类型(一种新类型块状硫化物矿床).  相似文献   

利用GPS技术遥感大气对流层水汽含量的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

丁继新  成英燕  王权  党亚民 《测绘科学》2002,27(2):16-19

讨论了利用 GPS系统探测大气对流层水汽含量的原理和数学模型 ,对利用 GPS遥感大气对流层水汽的加权平均温度、水汽含量随时间的变化等一些关键问题进行了探讨。通过对我国沿海地区大连、青岛、闸坡、坎门、厦门 5个测站的实验数据的解算 ,获得了较为满意的结果。  相似文献   

远参考大地电磁测深法应用研究   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9  

杨生  鲍光淑  张全胜 《物探与化探》2002,26(1):27-31,49

随着大地电磁法应用领域的不断扩大,勘探环境的干扰背景也越来越复杂,而采用远参考方法是压制干扰、提高信噪比的一种有效方法。本文从信号检测的角度阐述了该方法的原理,并讨论了其在压制各种干扰方面所发挥的作用。  相似文献   

“阿尔金山岩群”的组成及其构造意义   总被引：18，自引：4，他引：18  

于海峰  陆松年等 《地质通报》2002,21(12):834-840

以往文献所谓的“古元古代阿尔金山岩群”主要由3种岩石组合组成。第一种为英云闪长质—花岗闪长质片麻岩,占出露面积的70%左右;第二种为副变质岩系,占出露面积的25%左右,包括以夕线石榴片麻岩为代表的高温低压变质岩和以蓝晶石榴片麻岩为代表的高压变质岩;第三种为呈透镜体状分布在前二者中的榴辉岩、石榴斜长角闪岩和基性超基性岩石,占出露面积的5%以下。这种组成表明“古元古代阿尔金山岩群”不具有“岩群“的意义,而是碰撞杂岩带。“阿尔金山岩群”在岩石组合特征、含有榴辉岩、超基性岩石透镜体和榴辉岩的变质年代方面都与柴达木盆地北缘具有可比性,分析“阿尔金山岩群”是柴达木盆地北缘碰撞杂岩带的西延部分。  相似文献   

甘肃北山造山带类型及基本特征   总被引：30，自引：5，他引：30  

龚全胜  刘明强  李海林  梁明宏  代文军 《西北地质》2002,35(3):28-34

北山造山带经历多期次、多阶段的板块裂解－俯冲－碰撞－拼合的复杂地质演化历程，具多旋回复合造山的特色。通过对造山带构造单元的建立、古板块重建、原型盆地恢复、造山带结构、构造特征及造山机制和模式的研究，确定北山造山带类型为陆－增生弧碰撞造山带。  相似文献   

论我省矿业发展的后发优势—兼论矿业对全省经济跨越式发展的作用     

臧全业 《吉林地质》2001,20(4):1-3

吉林省是我国非金属矿产资源较丰富的大省之一，矿泉水资源也质优量大，且具有竞争优势，开发利用率极为可观。本文从非金属的深细加工、尾矿利用，矿业结构调整以及矿泉水的开发规模等方面探讨了利用我省的资源发展地方经济的后发优势等问题。  相似文献