基于核磁共振的脆硬性泥页岩水化损伤演化研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王萍  屈展 《岩土力学》2015,36(3):687-693

为研究脆硬性泥页岩水化后细观结构的损伤演化特征,利用核磁共振技术对不同浸泡时间的脆硬性泥页岩试样进行测量,得到不同浸泡时间的试样质量变化、横向弛豫时间T2谱分布以及核磁共振成像。结果表明：水化作用会对岩石内部产生损伤,岩样吸水率在最初的8 h内变化相对较大,1 d后相对接近稳定,之后变化不明显。随着浸泡时间的延长,微裂缝在水化的作用下快速扩展、贯通使岩样表面产生明显裂纹。核磁共振T2谱图和成像结果表明,水化作用使岩样微观结构重新分布,T2曲线信号幅度发生明显的变化,并随着浸泡时间的延长而增加。整个水化损伤分为3个阶段：大尺寸孔隙裂纹发展阶段;小孔隙产生、大尺寸孔隙裂纹加剧扩展;小孔隙加剧产生扩展、大尺寸孔隙裂纹归并贯通至水化破坏阶段。核磁共振图像显示同一块岩样在不同浸泡时间的内部微观结构分布,动态地显示岩石的水化损伤过程。  相似文献   

舟山近海海相吹填泥浆的性状研究及处理技术建议          下载免费PDF全文

熊站  汪明元  祝幸  宋寅威  王友博  王亚军  可健伟  王晋宝  马惠彪 《海岸工程》2017,36(3)

通过对临近长峙岛一侧的海相吹填泥浆的物理化学及力学分析,结果表明:海相吹填泥浆的含水率高,初始孔隙比大,初始极限抗剪强度低;海相吹填泥浆含盐量高,且离子交换量偏大,致使微观颗粒被较厚的扩散水膜所包围;土粒骨架间的水膜较厚,各向异性的超载会加剧吹填料的体积变形,破坏粒间结构;天然状态下吹填泥浆的"片架-片堆"结构特征极为显著,微观-介观结构极不稳定,若盐类矿物出现降解、析出,其固相骨架将被局部化破坏。本文对舟山长峙岛海域的原位海洋土的研究可以了解吹填泥浆的性状,以期为真空预压排水固结技术用于区域内围海造陆工程提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Coagulation performance and microstructural morphology of a novel magnetic composite coagulant for pre-treating landfill leachate     

Z. Liu  X. Duan  P. Zhan  R. Liu  F. Nie 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(11):2507-2518

A novel magnetic composite coagulant, prepared from nano-Fe₃O₄ and poly-aluminum chloride, was introduced to pre-treat mature landfill leachate. The coagulation performance of the coagulant as well as its microstructural morphology was discussed. Coagulation experimental results revealed that the coagulation performance of the landfill leachate using the new coagulant was better than that using poly-aluminum chloride alone, with COD and color removals above 60 and 68%, respectively. Based on the analysis of three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix spectrum, the fluorescence signals of treated leachate are totally reduced by the magnetic composite coagulant. The components of dissolved organic matters in the wastewater are removed in different degrees. Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis shows that the magnetic composite coagulant, which is a multi-core polymer with hydroxyl ligands and nano-Fe₃O₄, has a complex valence and crystal structure. Besides, X-ray diffraction pattern analysis indicates that the chemical composition of the magnetic composite coagulant is not changed significantly, which has comprehensively combined the chemical characteristics of both nano-Fe₃O₄ and poly-aluminum chloride, whereas the specific surface area of the novel magnetic composite coagulant effectively increased by nano-Fe₃O₄ particles under the analysis of scanning electron microscope spectral. The specific surface area analysis indicates that the magnetic composite coagulant is interconnected by narrow cracks and holes and has a high specific surface area and developed pore structure, which is also similar to the typical porous-type materials. Therefore, the nano-Fe₃O₄ compounded with poly-aluminum chloride leads to a larger specific surface, smaller average pore diameter, and more pore volume of the novel coagulant.  相似文献   

Soil water-salt dynamics state and associated sensitivity factors in an irrigation district of the loess area: a case study in the Luohui Canal Irrigation District,China     

Xia Zhang  Peng Li  Zhan Bin Li  Guo Qiang Yu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(20):715

Soil salinisation determines the distribution pattern of crop processes in irrigation districts. The research presented here was conducted in the Luohui Canal Irrigation District, which is located in the loess area of Shaanxi Province, China. A back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) for the soil water-salt state was established to predict soil salinity and alkalinity. The degree of influence of numerous factors on the dynamics was quantitatively determined using the default factor testing method and verified with grey relational analysis. The results show that the BPANN prediction accuracy is very high, and it can efficiently depict the comprehensive relationships between the influential factors and dynamic states. The influence of soil moisture, evaporation, groundwater salt and groundwater depth on the dynamics is significant in the region. The current irrigation method, used for many years, cannot meet the water necessities for the vegetation, causing the groundwater levels to decline and a lowering of the soil moisture zone, leading to the occurrence of serious soil salinisation. Under the action of evaporation, more salt accumulates in the upper part of the soil, resulting in extensive soil salinisation. The higher the groundwater salt content, the more salt is carried by rising capillary water, and the more the soil is salinised. If groundwater depth was to exceed the critical water table, then groundwater and salt would move to the soil surface by moisture evaporation, and salt would build up on the soil surface in this irrigation district. The interactions between each factor forms a complex coupling relationship state.  相似文献   

城市水环境健康风险评价   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

邹滨  曾永年  杨令宾  张鸿辉 《地理与地理信息科学》2009,25(2)

传统的水质化学监测等级评价体系能够客观反映水体的污染物水平,但无法直接反映水体污染物对人体健康的潜在危害.利用美国环境保护署(U.S.EPA)提出的水质健康风险评价模型,评价某市2001-2005年5个水质监测站周围水体中所含污染物对人体健康潜在危害的时空差异和源特征.结果表明,该市水体中所含污染物对人体健康潜在危害较大,72%的水质监测样本对人体健康潜在危害超过了国际辐射委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受限值5.O×lO-5a-1.;水体污染主要发生在2001年、2003年和2005年,且主要集中在1#和2#水质监测站周围地区;化学致癌物是该市水体中危害人体健康的主要风险来源,各污染物对人体健康危害的风险度排序为:As>Cr+6>Cd;水体中非致癌污染物风险度排序为:F>Pb>Cu>NH3-N>Hg>CN-1>酚,在研究期内未对暴露人群构成明显的健康危害.水环境健康风险评价模型较传统的水质等级评价体系能够更直观地表征水体中各污染物对人体健康的潜在危害,有利于明确水体污染物治理的优先顺序,为水环境管理提供科学依据.  相似文献   

江西省土地转移驱动力分析     

战金艳  史娜娜  何书金  林英志 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(4):525-539

This article explores the factors and mechanism driving the land-use conversion at regional level by developing and using an econometric approach which is called the simultaneous equations model (SEM). A case study in Jiangxi Province of China is conducted by establishing the SEM, which consists of three equations including agricultural production, land conversion of cultivated land to built-up area and land conversion of cultivated land to forest cover/grassland from 1988 to 2005. And then this paper employs the method of piecewise estimation to represent the influences of the factors such as population, society, economy, location and geophysical conditions on the process of land-use conversion in Jiangxi Province. Estimation results show that population is a predominant factor driving the land-use conversion at counties, while social and economic factors are determinant factors in the short term for the entire Jiangxi Province. Specifically, the size of agricultural population and the magnitude of agricultural input determine the agricultural production to a large extent; population size, plain area proportion at counties and land management policies together affect the direction and magnitude of conversion between cultivated land and built-up area; agricultural population proportion, terrain slope, grain production and non-agricultural industry promote the conversion of cultivated land to forest cover/grassland. Furthermore, the explored mechanism also reveals the underlying causes of the land use changes driven by a series of factors in Jiangxi Province. Finally, this paper concludes that factors proven to play an important role in driving the land-use conversion need to be considered when the land management agencies make out the land use planning to optimize the land use, expand the agricultural production, and conserve the cultivated land.  相似文献   

地震计自噪声的研究     

刘洋君  薛兵  朱小毅  林湛 《地震》2010,30(1):138-146

仪器的固有噪声水平是地震计的关键技术指标。 如何降低仪器的自噪声是地震计设计中需要解决的重要问题。 本文分析了产生地震计自噪声的两个主要噪声源: 布朗热噪声和电子噪声(1/f噪声), 以及它们对地震计传递函数的影响。 分析了三种地震计所记录的地震台台基噪声, 并且通过试验来检验仪器噪声对地震计观测数据的影响。  相似文献   

基于IPv6的地震观测网络模型探讨     

朱小毅  薛兵  彭朝勇  陈阳  李江  杨桂存  林湛  庄丹宁 《地震地磁观测与研究》2010,31(5):100-107

地震台站的数据共享和安全访问是基于IPv4的地震观测网络系统急需解决的关键技术问题,由于IPv4的地址局限,缺乏安全认证和数据加密措施,现有的地震观测网络系统建立在私有IP地址的行业局域网,只能实现基于台网级的数据共享访问。下一代互联网IPv6协议取代IPv4是必然趋势,本研究以实现台站级数据访问为目标,构建在IPv6网络环境下地震观测网络系统的安全组网模型,同时针对现有观测系统的特点,探讨IPv4地震观测系统过渡到IPv6的系统模型,为下一步IPv6技术在地震行业的推广应用打下基础。  相似文献   

基于DSP设计低功耗强震仪     

朱小毅  林湛  陈阳  李江  庄丹宁  杨桂存  叶鹏 《地震地磁观测与研究》2010,31(4):115-118

介绍了一种专门使用数字信号处理器(DSP)和可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)来实现数字强震仪的低功耗设计,给出了系统的结构框图,并且就数字强震仪在硬件设计和软件实现的节能技术进行了描述。该强震仪完全能够满足自由场的强震观测和建筑物的结构观测。  相似文献   

单向聚束质子激发X射线研究超导材料合成中的重力效应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

詹秀春  朱沛然 《岩矿测试》1999,18(1):1-14

采用质子激发Ｘ射线（ＰＩＸＥ）分析技术,以能量为２．０ＭｅＶ的质子束为激发源,利用单元四极磁透镜对带电粒子束的单向聚束本领,对超导材料样品ＣａＳｒ２Ｂｉ２Ｃｕ２Ｏ８进行了扫描ＰＩＸＥ分析,获得了其中元素Ｘ射线强度的垂向分布数据。在没有质子数数据参数的情况下,针对这种样品组成已知的特殊性,采用了内标迭代定量分析方法,获得了各元素的垂向浓度分布结果。强度和浓度数据均表明,元素Ｃａ主要分布在样品的顶部表层,证明人们关于超导材料合成过程中存在重力效应影响的推断是正确的。  相似文献