湿大气方程组解的渐近性质   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李建平  丑纪范 《气象学报》1998,56(2):187-198

研究无穷维Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ空间中,湿大气运动系统解的长期行为,在导得了湿大气运动方程是Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ空间中一个非常特殊的算子方程之后,利用算子的性质讨论了全局吸收集和全局吸引子的存在性,揭示出系统解的渐近行为表现在吸引子的结构上及系统向非绝热加热的非线性适应过程。最后指出了几个简化方程组与原方程组在解的长期行为上的根本不同,从而给出长期天气或气候研究中简化方程组必须遵循的原则。  相似文献   

An improved model for the calculation of CO₂ solubility in aqueous solutions containing Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, and SO₄     

Zhenhao Duan  Rui Sun  Chen Zhu  I-Ming Chou 《Marine Chemistry》2006,98(2-4):131-139

An improved model is presented for the calculation of the solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions containing Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, and SO₄²⁻ in a wide temperature–pressure–ionic strength range (from 273 to 533 K, from 0 to 2000 bar, and from 0 to 4.5 molality of salts) with experimental accuracy. The improvements over the previous model [Duan, Z. and Sun, R., 2003. An improved model calculating CO₂ solubility in pure water and aqueous NaCl solutions from 273 to 533K and from 0 to 2000 bar. Chemical Geology, 193: 257–271] include: (1) By developing a non-iterative equation to replace the original equation of state in the calculation of CO₂ fugacity coefficients, the new model is at least twenty times computationally faster and can be easily adapted to numerical reaction-flow simulator for such applications as CO₂ sequestration and (2) By fitting to the new solubility data, the new model improved the accuracy below 288 K from 6% to about 3% of uncertainty but still retains the high accuracy of the original model above 288 K. We comprehensively evaluate all experimental CO₂ solubility data. Compared with these data, this model not only reproduces all the reliable data used for the parameterization but also predicts the data that were not used in the parameterization. In order to facilitate the application to CO₂ sequestration, we also predicted CO₂ solubility in seawater at two-phase coexistence (vapor–liquid or liquid–liquid) and at three-phase coexistence (CO₂ hydrate–liquid water–vapor CO₂ [or liquid CO₂]). The improved model is programmed and can be downloaded from the website http://www.geochem-model.org/programs.htm.  相似文献   

Comparison of two bias correction methods for precipitation simulated with a regional climate model     

Tschöke  Gabriele Vanessa  Kruk  Nadiane Smaha  de Queiroz  Paulo Ivo Braga  Chou  Sin Chan  de Sousa Junior  Wilson Cabral 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,127(3-4):841-852

This study evaluates the performance of two bias correction techniques—power transformation and gamma distribution adjustment—for Eta regional climate model (RCM) precipitation simulations. For the gamma distribution adjustment, the number of dry days is not taken as a fixed parameter; rather, we propose a new methodology for handling dry days. We consider two cases: the first case is defined as having a greater number of simulated dry days than the observed number, and the second case is defined as the opposite. The present climate period was divided into calibration and validation sets. We evaluate the results of the two bias correction techniques using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov nonparametric test and the sum of the differences between the cumulative distribution curves. These tests show that both correction techniques were effective in reducing errors and consequently improving the reliability of the simulations. However, the gamma distribution correction method proved to be more efficient, particularly in reducing the error in the number of dry days.

  相似文献   

Coupling Earth System Model and Integrated Assessment Model     

Dong Wenjie  Yuan Wenping  Teng Fei  Hao Zhixin  Zheng Jingyun  Wei Zhigang  Chou Jieming  Liu Changxin  Qi Tianyu  Yang Shili  Yan Dongdong  Zhang Jing 《地球科学进展》2016,31(12):1215-1219

According to the guideline of National Key Research and Development Project, this project aims at developing a world-class Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) in China, which will be used to assess the impacts of climate change on economy system. The objects of this project are to ① Improve the spatial resolution of Earth System Model (ESM); ② Modify the Integrated Assessment Model; ③ Couple the ESM and IAM; ④ Evaluate the impacts of climate change on society and economy. This project will solve two key scientific questions: how to identify the impacts of climate change in the IAM; How much the impacts of climate change on economy in China. Meanwhile, two techniques will be developed to complete the mission of this project: Simulate of small-scale human activities in the EAM and spatial and temporal resolution match of ESM and IAM.  相似文献   

A new method for synthesizing fluid inclusions in fused silica capillaries containing organic and inorganic material   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

I-Ming Chou  Yucai Song 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(21):5217-5231

Considerable advances in our understanding of physicochemical properties of geological fluids and their roles in many geological processes have been achieved by the use of synthetic fluid inclusions. We have developed a new method to synthesize fluid inclusions containing organic and inorganic material in fused silica capillary tubing. We have used both round (0.3 mm OD and 0.05 or 0.1 mm ID) and square cross-section tubing (0.3 × 0.3 mm with 0.05 × 0.05 mm or 0.1 × 0.1 mm cavities). For microthermometric measurements in a USGS-type heating-cooling stage, sample capsules must be less than 25 mm in length. The square-sectioned capsules have the advantage of providing images without optical distortion. However, the maximum internal pressure (P; about 100 MPa at 22 °C) and temperature (T; about 500 °C) maintained by the square-sectioned capsules are less than those held by the round-sectioned capsules (about 300 MPa at room T, and T up to 650 °C).The fused silica capsules can be applied to a wide range of problems of interest in fluid inclusion and hydrothermal research, such as creating standards for the calibration of thermocouples in heating-cooling stages and frequency shifts in Raman spectrometers. The fused silica capsules can also be used as containers for hydrothermal reactions, especially for organic samples, including individual hydrocarbons, crude oils, and gases, such as cracking of C₁₈H₃₈ between 350 and 400 °C, isotopic exchanges between C₁₈H₃₈ and D₂O and between C₁₉D₄₀ and H₂O at similar temperatures. Results of these types of studies provide information on the kinetics of oil cracking and the changes of oil composition under thermal stress.When compared with synthesis of fluid inclusions formed by healing fractures in quartz or other minerals or by overgrowth of quartz at elevated P-T conditions, the new fused-silica method has the following advantages: (1) it is simple; (2) fluid inclusions without the presence of water can be formed; (3) synthesized inclusions are large and uniform, and they are able to tolerate high internal P; (4) it is suitable for the study of organic material; and (5) redox control is possible due to high permeability of the fused silica to hydrogen.  相似文献   

Earthquake-induced landslide hazard and vegetation recovery assessment using remotely sensed data and a neural network-based classifier: a case study in central Taiwan   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

Wen-Tzu Lin  Wen-Chieh Chou  Chao-Yuan Lin 《Natural Hazards》2008,47(3):331-347

A catastrophic earthquake with a Richter magnitude of 7.3 occurred in the Chi-Chi area of Nantou County on 21 September 1999. Large-scale landslides were generated in the Chiufenershan area of Nantou County in central Taiwan. This study used a neural network-based classifier and the proposed NDVI-based quantitative index coupled with multitemporal SPOT images and digital elevation models (DEMs) for the assessment of long-term landscape changes and vegetation recovery conditions at the sites of these landslides. The analyzed results indicate that high accuracy of landslide mapping can be extracted using a neural network-based classifier, and the areas affected by these landslides have gradually been restored from 211.52 ha on 27 September 1999 to 113.71 ha on 11 March 2006, a reduction of 46.24%, after six and a half years of assessment. In accordance with topographic analysis at the sites of the landslides, the collapsed and deposited areas of the landslide were 100.54 and 110.98 ha, with corresponding debris volumes of 31,983,800 and 39,339,500 m³. Under natural vegetation succession, average vegetation recovery rate at the sites of the landslides reached 36.68% on 11 March 2006. The vegetation recovery conditions at the collapsed area (29.17%) are shown to be worse than at the deposited area (57.13%) due to topsoil removal and the steep slope, which can be verified based on the field survey. From 1999 to 2006, even though the landslide areas frequently suffered from the interference of typhoon strikes, the vegetation succession process at the sites of the landslides was still ongoing, which indicates that nature, itself, has the capability for strong vegetation recovery for the denudation sites. The analyzed results provide very useful information for decision-making and policy-planning in the landslide area.  相似文献   

青藏高原冻土区域的相干特性分析     

谢酬  李震  李新武 《冰川冻土》2008,30(5)

由季节性的冻胀和融沉导致的地表变形是在多年冻土区域进行工程施工的最主要危害, 青藏铁路建设和维护中的一个主要问题就是如何监测冻土的形变. 利用北麓河地区的ASAR数据, 联系冻土的相关变化规律, 对于冻土区域的相干特性进行了分析. 通过对不同自然地物的相干性进行对比分析, 发现冻土区域地物的相干性不仅与地物特性相关, 同时也与冻土的冻结和融化密切相关. 不同时间段干涉对的相干性的差别反映了冻土在不同季节的变化规律. 青藏铁路和公路在不同空间基线和时间基线上的相干性表现, 为该区域的稳定散射体的选择提供了一种可能, 对于进行北麓河区域的冻土形变的时间序列分析具有重要的指导意义.  相似文献   

Abundances and isotopic compositions of rhenium and osmium in pyrite samples from the Huaibei coalfield,Anhui, China     

Guijian Liu  Chen-Lin Chou  Zicheng Peng  Gang Yang 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(3):617-621

Two pyrite samples from the Shihezi Formation (Lower Permian), Huaibei coalfield, Anhui, China, have been analyzed for abundances and isotopic compositions of rhenium and osmium using negative thermal ion mass spectrometry. The Re–Os ages of the pyrites are 64.4 and 226 Ma, which are younger than the formation age of the coal seam. The pyrite samples may consist of pyrite formed at various stages during the history of coal formation. The γ_Os values of the two pyrite samples are + 17 and + 18, respectively. Such high γ_Os values are reported for the first time for recycles crustal materials from a sedimentary basin.  相似文献   

Potential negative effects of groundwater dynamics on dry season convection in the Amazon River basin     

Yen-Heng Lin  Min-Hui Lo  Chia Chou 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(3-4):1001-1013

  相似文献   

关于气候变化对社会经济系统影响的机理和途径的探讨   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

丑洁明  董文杰  延晓冬 《大气科学》2016,40(1):191-200

本文基于考虑气候变化影响应与经济系统的特征时空尺度相匹配的观点,讨论了气候变化对经济系统影响的途径.认为:气候变化是年代际尺度的气温变化,直接影响的是冰冻圈、海平面、水资源、陆面状况、生态系统、微生物、人体健康等七个领域;觉察不到日变化、季节变化、年际变化而呈现出年代际变化的事物才是受全球变暖影响的事物;由于时间尺度不匹配,经济系统几乎不会受气候变化的直接影响;就间接影响而言,全球变暖导致的极端气候事件加剧和人类为应对与适应气候变化的积极响应,对经济系统的影响要显著得多.  相似文献