1.5 Ma以来黄土高原风尘堆积的岩石磁学记录与中更新世气候转型   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

宋友桂  方小敏  石川尚人  鸟居雅之  李吉均  史正涛  强小科  符超峰 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2005,25(3):43-51

通过对黄土高原中部朝那剖面黄土-古土壤序列系统的岩石磁学分析,建立了1.5Ma以来黄土高原高分辨率岩石磁学指标演化序列。岩石磁学记录表明本区1.5Ma以来以0.93和0.62Ma为界经历了3个不同的气候演化阶段。在1.5～O.93和0.62～0Ma期间各种磁学参数大致呈同步变化趋势,能较好地与深海氧同位素（MIS）曲线相对应,而在0.93～0.62Ma期间（相当于L9底到L6顶,MIS24-MISl6）,尽管磁化率、饱和剩磁强度（Mr）、饱和磁化强度（Ms）与剩磁矫顽力（Bcr）、矫顽力（Bc）曲线的峰谷能与MIS的峰谷相对比,但该阶段的磁学参数变化幅度和形式明显不同于1.5～0.93和0.62Ma以来的两个演化阶段。磁化率、Mr和Ms在0.93Ma突然降低,此后变幅很小,反映夏季风较弱且相对稳定,一直维持到0.62Ma前后。在0.9Ma前后Bc、Bcr突然增大,可能反映了冬季风突然增强,然后宽幅波动下降。这种变化可能是黄土高原风尘堆积对中更新世气候转型事件的响应。黄土高原岩石磁学记录的中更新世气候转型事件发生于0.93Ma,结束于0.62Ma。造成这次气候转型事件的原因除了与全球冰量和太阳辐射变化有关之外,还可能与中更新世青藏高原急剧隆升而激发的亚洲内陆干旱化加剧,从而导致亚洲内陆沙漠的形成与扩张有关。  相似文献   

Effects of mass source/sink at the western boundary on the wind-driven gyres: Implications for the ventilation of the north pacific intermediate layer through convection in the Okhotsk Sea and tidal mixing at the Kuril Straits     

Tomohiro Nakamura  Takahiro Toyoda  Yoichi Ishikawa  Toshiyuki Awaji 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(1):41-60

A steady quasi-geostrophic 2.5-layer model, forced by both Ekman pumping and a mass source/sink situated at the western boundary has been constructed to investigate the effect of diapycnal transport due to convection in the Okhotsk Sea and tidal mixing at the Kuril Straits on the intermediate layer in the North Pacific. The model illustrates a combined effect of the wind-driven and mass-driven circulations. First, net mass input induces a “barotropic” mode inter-gyre flow along the western boundary through the dynamical influence of Kelvin waves. This flow creates characteristic curves (geostrophic contours) that facilitate inter-gyre communication through the western boundary layer from the location of the mass source to the subtropical gyre. Due to the effect of wind-driven circulation, the offshore part turns eastward into the interior, encircles the outer rim of the region (which would otherwise be the pool region in the absence of mass input), and then encounters the western boundary. Eventually, the water fed into the lower layer flows mostly along this path and later flows away to the equatorial region. Conversely, in the upper layer, water is fed from the equator to the subtropics, and to the subpolar interior region through the western boundary current. The water then circulates along the outer rim and is absorbed into the mass sink. The model is controlled mainly by three nondimensional parameters: (1) the ratio of net mass input rate to the maximum Sverdrup transport (Q/T _Sv ^max ), which affects the inter-gyre communication by altering the paths of geostrophic contours, (2) the ratio of a mass input rate into the lower layer to that in total (Q ₂/Q), which controls the vertical structure of the inter-gyre flow, and (3) the measure of the wind forcing effect relative to the β effect, which determines the horizontal extent of the area influenced by the mass input. The other parameter regimes with respect to Q/T _Sv ^max and Q ₂/Q are also presented.  相似文献   

Effect of open gap in coastal forest on tsunami run-up—investigations by experiment and numerical simulation     

Nguyen Ba Thuy  Katsutoshi Tanimoto  Norio Tanaka  Kenji Harada  Kosuke Iimura 《Ocean Engineering》2009,36(15-16):1258-1269

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of an open gap, such as a road, in a coastal forest on tsunami run-up. A numerical model based on two-dimensional nonlinear long-wave equations was developed to account for the effects of drag and turbulence induced shear forces due to the presence of vegetation. Experiments were conducted on a forest simulated with vertical cylinders by changing the gap width. The numerical model was validated in good agreement with the experimental results. The numerical model was then applied to a wide forest of Pandanus odoratissimus, a tree species that is a dominant coastal vegetation on a sand dune in South and Southeast Asia. The effect of vertical stand characteristics of P. odoratissimus with aerial roots was considered on the drag resistance. A straight open gap perpendicular to the shoreline was used to investigate the effect of gap width. As the gap width increases, the flow velocity at the end of the open gap first increases, reaches a maximum, and then decreases, while the run-up height increases monotonously. The maximum velocity in the present condition is 1.7 times the maximum velocity without a coastal forest. The effects of different gap arrangements in the forest on tsunami run-up were also investigated in this paper. The flow velocity at the end of an open gap can be reduced by a staggered arrangement.  相似文献   

High sensitivity SiO maser survey for mira variables     

Se-Hyung Cho  Norio Kaifu  Nobuharu Ukita  Masaki Morimoto  Masahiko Hayashi 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1986,118(1-2):237-239

Simultaneous observations of the six transitions of SiO for 106 late-type stars were made. The SiO maser emission was detected in 83 stars. Thev=3 maser emission was detected in eight stars, and the²⁹SiOv=0 emission in six stars. The²⁹SiOv=0 emission is stronger and narrower than that of²⁸SiO, suggesting that the²⁹SiO emission is masing.Paper presented at the IAU Third Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting, held in Kyoto, Japan, between 30 September–6 October, 1984.  相似文献   

Multi-aquifer pumping test to determine cutoff wall length for groundwater flow control during site excavation in Tokyo, Japan     

Noriharu Miyake  Nobuaki Kohsaka  Akira Ishikawa 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(5):995-1001

Multi-aquifer pumping tests, using a multi-screen pumping well and multi-level piezometers, were carried out for groundwater flow control in a large-scale excavation site in Tokyo, Japan. The site was underlain by multi-layered confined aquifers. In the tests, pumping was carried out using a multi-aquifer pumping well in which a screen depth was chosen arbitrarily. Changes in groundwater pressure heads in each aquifer were measured at each screen position of the multi-aquifer pumping well. Hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (S _s) of not only aquifers, but also for low permeability layers between the aquifers, were estimated using the Cooper-Jacob method, and calibrated by a finite element method (FEM) groundwater model. Four different cutoff wall lengths were assumed for final excavation depth, and correlations among wall length, pumping discharge and drawdown at the back of the cutoff wall were obtained from simulations using the K and S _s parameters in the FEM model. Then, the most suitable wall length was selected based on the simulated correlations considering environmental condition, construction period and cost of the cutoff wall.  相似文献   

Geochemical behavior of rare earth elements in hydrothermally altered rocks of the Kuroko mining area,Japan     

N. Shikazono  Y. Ogawa  M. Utada  D. Ishiyama  T. Mizuta  N. Ishikawa  Y. Kubota 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2008

In this study we analyzed the chemical composition of hydrothermally altered dacite and basalt from the Kuroko mining area, northeastern Honshu, Japan, by REE (rare earth element). Features of rare earth element analyses include: (1) altered footwall dacite exhibits a negative Eu anomaly compared with fresh dacite, suggesting preferential removal of Eu²⁺ from the altered dacite via hydrothermal solutions, (2) altered hangingwall dacite and basalt and dacite and basalt adjacent to ore deposits exhibit positive Eu anomalies compared with fresh dacite and basalt, suggesting addition of Eu²⁺ from hydrothermal solutions, (3) LREE ratio (∑LREE/∑REE) from altered dacite of chlorite–sericite zone and K-feldspar zone show a negative relationship with δ¹⁸O, and La/Sm ratios show a positive correlation with the K₂O index. These trends indicate the addition of light rare earth elements such as La to the altered dacite from hydrothermal solution and/or leaching of heavy rare earth elements such as Sm and Yb, (4) Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that light rare earth elements enrichment is related to the formation of sericite zone near the Kuroko deposits but not to the formations of chlorite and K-feldspar zones, and (5) The correlations among REE features (LREE ratio, MREE ratio, HREE ratio, Eu/Eu?), δ¹⁸O and K₂O index are not found for montmorillonite zone, mixed layer clay mineral zone and mordenite zone. Therefore, it is inferred that sericite, chlorite and K-feldspar alterations are related to the Kuroko and vein-type mineralization, but montmorillonite and mordenite alterations are not related to the mineralizations, and probably they formed at the post-mineralization stage.  相似文献   

Impact of in-consistency between the climate model and its initial conditions on climate prediction     

Liu  Xueyuan  Köhl  Armin  Stammer  Detlef  Masuda  Shuhei  Ishikawa  Yoichi  Mochizuki  Takashi 《Climate Dynamics》2017,49(3):1061-1075

We investigated the influence of dynamical in-consistency of initial conditions on the predictive skill of decadal climate predictions. The investigation builds on the fully coupled global model “Coupled GCM for Earth Simulator” (CFES). In two separate experiments, the ocean component of the coupled model is full-field initialized with two different initial fields from either the same coupled model CFES or the GECCO2 Ocean Synthesis while the atmosphere is initialized from CFES in both cases. Differences between both experiments show that higher SST forecast skill is obtained when initializing with coupled data assimilation initial conditions (CIH) instead of those from GECCO2 (GIH), with the most significant difference in skill obtained over the tropical Pacific at lead year one. High predictive skill of SST over the tropical Pacific seen in CIH reflects the good reproduction of El Niño events at lead year one. In contrast, GIH produces additional erroneous El Niño events. The tropical Pacific skill differences between both runs can be rationalized in terms of the zonal momentum balance between the wind stress and pressure gradient force, which characterizes the upper equatorial Pacific. In GIH, the differences between the oceanic and atmospheric state at initial time leads to imbalance between the zonal wind stress and pressure gradient force over the equatorial Pacific, which leads to the additional pseudo El Niño events and explains reduced predictive skill. The balance can be reestablished if anomaly initialization strategy is applied with GECCO2 initial conditions and improved predictive skill in the tropical Pacific is observed at lead year one. However, initializing the coupled model with self-consistent initial conditions leads to the highest skill of climate prediction in the tropical Pacific by preserving the momentum balance between zonal wind stress and pressure gradient force along the equatorial Pacific.

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Observation of the Soya Warm Current using HF ocean radar     

Naoto Ebuchi  Yasushi Fukamachi  Kay I. Ohshima  Kunio Shirasawa  Masao Ishikawa  Toru Takatsuka  Takaharu Daibo  Masaaki Wakatsuchi 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(1):47-61

Three High Frequency (HF) ocean radar stations were installed around the Soya/La Perouse Strait in the Sea of Okhotsk in order to monitor the Soya Warm Current (SWC). The frequency of the HF radar is 13.9 MHz, and the range and azimuth resolutions are 3 km and 5 deg., respectively. The radar covers a range of approximately 70 km from the coast. The surface current velocity observed by the HF radars was compared with data from drifting buoys and shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs). The current velocity derived from the HF radars shows good agreement with that observed using the drifting buoys. The root-mean-square (rms) differences were found to be less than 20 cm s⁻¹ for the zonal and meridional components in the buoy comparison. The observed current velocity was also found to exhibit reasonable agreement with the shipboard ADCP data. It was shown that the HF radars clearly capture seasonal and short-term variations of the SWC. The velocity of the Soya Warm Current reaches its maximum, approximately 1 m s⁻¹, in summer and weakens in winter. The velocity core is located 20 to 30 km from the coast, and its width is approximately 40 km. The surface transport by the SWC shows a significant correlation with the sea level difference along the strait, as derived from coastal tide gauge records at Wakkanai and Abashiri. Deceased.  相似文献   

Sensitivity analysis of a coastal marine ecosystem   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michio J. Kishi  Kisaburo Nakata  Kimitoshi Ishikawa 《Journal of Oceanography》1981,37(3):120-134

An ecosystem with four compartments, i.e. PO₄-P, phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus, in a coastal region was considered. Sensitivity analysis of a phosphorus flow model in well-mixed water without currents concludes that (1) the maximal photosynthetic rate,V _m , in Michaelis-Menten relation plays an important role in the distribution of biomass among compartments but the half saturation constant,K _s , is not so important, (2) the natural death rate of phytoplankton is important for the ecosystem, (3) the natural death rate of zooplankton is also effective on the ecosystem.A numerical experiment was also performed on the ecosystem with four compartments are also studied using a dynamical barotropic model of tidal currents of Mikawa Bay (Japan). Diffusion coefficient in diffusion equation plays the role of a linear smoothing parameter in the horizontal distribution of compartment. On the other hand, perturbations of biological parameters cause nonlinear variations in the horizontal distribution of compartment.  相似文献   

A cross-correlation analysis of tidal current,water temperature and salinity records     

Hideo Nakajima  Norio Hayakawa 《Journal of Oceanography》1982,38(2):52-56

Fifteen day records of current velocity, water temperature and salinity were obtained at a coastal station in the Seto Inland Sea. It was observed that water movement was characterized by an exchange of two distinctive water masses east and west of the station. Cross-correlation analysis shows that, at the semi-diurnal period, the motion of these characteristic waters causes temperature and salinity variations. At frequencies higher than 2 cycles per day where power spectra of current velocity have a slope of ?5/3, coherence between current velocity and both water temperature and salinity decreases rapidly.  相似文献