Geophysical interpretation of a high-resolution seismic refraction profile in the Northern Apennines     

Giancarlo Biella  Roberto De  Franco  Martina Demartin  Riccardo Barzaghi  Fernando Sanso  Domenico Sguerso 《地学学报》1994,6(1):45-53

A combined seismic and gravimetric interpretation in the Northern Apennines area (Italy) is presented. To the knowledge of the authors, this is one of the few attempts to apply tomographic methodology to a seismic refraction profile. This procedure, together with the classical interpretation for defining lower reflectors, led to the formulation of quite an accurate model of the upper crust. A gravity analysis was performed concurrently taking into account the seismic results at different depths which correspond to different frequency domains in the gravity signal. While the medium- and high-frequency patterns have been solved by trial-and-error, the regional trend has been modelled applying the collocation procedure to the gravity data.  相似文献   

3D geoelectric tomography and archaeological applications1     

Paolo Mauriello  Dario Monna  Domenico Patella 《Geophysical Prospecting》1998,46(5):543-570

Following a previous paper in which the principles of a 3D ground-surface tomographic processing of self-potential data were established, we extend the method to active source geoelectric surveying. The main purpose of the new tomographic approach is to obtain a physical image reconstruction of the induced electric charges distributed over buried resistivity discontinuities. The information is produced in a probabilistic sense, as the mathematical formulation underlying the method treats only the intrinsic physical nature of the generated electric field underground and the method of its ground-surface detection, independently of the geometry of the unknown structures. In practice, a 3D tomography is realized by cross-correlating a set of distributed electric-field ground-surface data with a scanning function, representing a unit positive point charge located anywhere in the lower half-space. The resolution of the method is tested on the synthetic response of a 3D structural simulation of an archaeological target, consisting of an infinitely resistive prismatic body immersed in a half-space, including surface inhomogeneities and layering. Finally, the field response of a 3D structure consisting of a hypogeal dromos-chamber tomb inside the Sabine Necropolis at Colle del Forno, close to Rome, is presented and discussed.  相似文献   

Lateral structure of the subducting pacific plate beneath the Hokkaido corner from intermediate and deep earthquakes     

Paul R. Lundgren  Domenico Giardini 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1990,134(3):385-404

We present a study of the lateral structure and mode of deformation in the transition between the Kuril and Honshu subduction zones. We begin by examining the source characteristics of the January 19, 1969, intermediate depth earthquake north of Hokkaido in the framework of slab-tearing, which for the December 6, 1978 event has been well documented by previous studies. We use a least-squares body wave inversion technique, and find that its focal mechanism is comparable to the 1978 event. To understand the cause of these earthquakes, which in the case of the 1978 event occurred on a vertical tear fault but does not represent hinge faulting, we examine the available International Seismological Centre [ISC] hypocenters and Harvard centroid-moment tensor [CMT] solutions to determine the state of stress, and lateral structure and segmentation in the Kuril and northern Honshu slabs. These data are evaluated in the framework of two models. Model (A) requires the subducting slab at the Hokkaido corner to maintain surface area. Model (B) requires slab subduction to be dominated by gravity, with material subducting in the down-dip direction. The distribution of ICS hypocenters shows a gap in deep seismicity down-dip of the Hokkaido corner, supporting model (B). From the CMT data set we find that three types of earthquake focal mechanisms occur. The first (type A) represents dip-slip mechanisms consistent with down-dip tension or compression in the slab in a direction normal to the strike of the trench. These events occur throughout the Honshu and Kuril slabs with focal mechanisms beneath Hokkaido showing NNW plungingP andT axes consistent with the local slab geometry. The second (type B) occurs primarily at depths over 300 km in the southern part of the Kuril slab with a few events in the northern end of the Honshu deep seismicity. These earthquakes have focal mechanisms with P axes oriented roughly E-W, highly oblique to the direction of compression found in the type A events, with which they are spatially interspersed. The third (type C) group of earthquakes are those events which do not fit in either of the first two groups and consist of either strike-slip focal mechanisms, such as the tearing events, or oddly oriented focal mechanisms. Examination of the stress axes orientations for these three types reveals that the compressional axes of the type C events are consistent with those of type B. The slab tearing events are just differential motion reflecting the E-W compressive states of stress which is responsible for the type B family of events. There is no need to invoke down-dip extension which does not fit the slab geometry. We conclude that these two states of stress can be explained as follows: 1) The type A events and the seismicity distribution support model (B). 2) The type B and C events upport model (A). The solution is that the slab subducts according to model (B), but the flow in the mantle maintains a different trajectory, possibly induced by the plate motions, which produces the second state of E-W compressive stress.  相似文献   

A New Method of Contaminant Plume Analysis   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

P. A. Domenico  G. A. Robbins 《Ground water》1985,23(4):476-485

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Surface flow boundary conditions in modeling land subsidence due to fluid withdrawal     

Baú D  Ferronato M  Gambolati G  Teatini P 《Ground water》2004,42(4):516-525

Land subsidence due to subsurface fluid (water, gas, oil) withdrawal is often predicted by either finite element or finite difference numerical models based on coupled poroelastic theory, where the soil is represented as a semi-infinite medium bounded by the traction-free (ground) surface. One of the variables playing a most important role on the final outcome is the flow condition used on the traction-free boundary, which may be assumed as either permeable or impermeable. Although occasionally justified, the assumption of no-flow surface seems to be in general rather unrealistic. A permeable boundary where the fluid pressure is fixed to the external atmospheric pressure appears to be more appropriate. This paper addresses the response, in terms of land subsidence, obtained with a coupled poroelastic finite element model that simulates a distributed pumping from a horizontal aquifer confined between two relatively impervious layers, and takes either a permeable boundary surface, i.e., constant hydraulic potential, or an impermeable boundary, i.e., a zero Neumann flow condition. The analysis reveals that land subsidence is rather sensitive to the flow condition implemented on the traction-free boundary. In general, the no-flow condition leads to an overestimate of the predicted ground surface settlement, which could even be 1 order of magnitude larger than that obtained with the permeable boundary.  相似文献   

Preface     

Domenico Tropeano  Laura Turconi 《Natural Hazards》2004,31(3):585-586

Preface

Preface  相似文献   

The biodegradation efficiency on diesel oil by two psychrotrophic Antarctic marine bacteria during a two-month-long experiment   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Michaud L  Lo Giudice A  Saitta M  De Domenico M  Bruni V 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(5-6):405-409

Two psychrotrophic bacterial strains isolated from Antarctic seawaters were investigated for their capability to degrade commercial diesel oil. The efficiency of hydrocarbon utilization was studied at 4 and 20 degrees C over a period of two-months. Strains were cultured in a mineral liquid medium supplemented with diesel oil as the sole source of carbon and energy. The viable counts for the bacterial abundance estimation and the culture extractions for the subsequent gas-chromatographic analysis were carried out simultaneously. The biodegradation efficiency was higher at 20 degrees C than at 4 degrees C for both strains and the decrease in hydrocarbon concentrations reached more than 85% after 60 days of incubation at 20 degrees C. Our results suggest the possible exploitation of these two bacterial strains in future biotechnological processes, directly as field-released micro-organisms both in cold and temperate contaminated marine environments.  相似文献   

La carta magnetica d'Italia della componente orizzontale al 1940,0 edita recentemente dall'Istituto Geografico Militare     

Prof. Dr. Domenico Digiesi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1942,4(1):67-81

Riassunto L'A., dopo aver brevemente esposto il metodo pratico di misura seguito nelle determinazioni della componente orizzontale del campo magnetico terrestre, riporta un esempio di osservazione ed i valori ottenuti nelle stazioni fondamentali della rete nazionale. Tratta poi della carta italiana delle isodinamiche al 1940,0 pubblicata recentemente dall'Istituto Geografico Militare di cui allega copia alla scala ridotta di 1:4.000.000, pone in rilievo le isodinamiche di particolare andamento anomalo ed accenna infine ai primi lavori di raffittimento magnetometrico posti in programma.

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Zusammenfassung Nachdem der Verfasser kurz das Verfahren besprochen hat, welches zur praktischen Bestimmung der horizontalen Komponente des erdmagnetischen Feldes führt, bringt er ein Beobachtungsbeispiel und die an den Grundstationen des italienischen Netzes erhaltenen Werte. Dann erläutert er die Karte der isodynamischen Linien von Italien für die Epoche 1940,0 die vor kurzem vom Istituto Geografico Militare veröffentlicht und hier in reduziertem Massstab von 1:4.000.000 wiedergegeben worden ist. Es folgen Betrachtungen über die betreffenden Anomalien, sowie über einen Plan zur Abdichtung der erdmagnetischen Stationen in einigen Zonen.

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La carta magnetica della Libia recentemente compilata dall'Istituto Geografico Militare     

Dott. Domenico Digiesi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1941,3(1):45-51

Riassunto L'A., richiamate alcune notizie sull'importante rilevamento geomagnetico eseguito nel quinquennio 1932–37 in Italia dall'Istituto Geografico Militare, tratta di quello effettuato recentemente dallo stesso Istituto in Libia negli anni 1938–40, illustrando come è stata compilata la relavita carta delle isogone al 1° gennaio 1941, della quale allega copia. Da tale rilievo risultano zone particolarmente anomale a sud di Tripoli.

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Zusammenfassung Anknüpfend an die geomagnetische Aufnahme Italiens welche in den Jahren 1932–37 vom Istituto Geografico Militare durchgeführt wurde, beschreibt der Verf. die Entwicklungen der geomagnetischen Vermessungsarbeiten in Lybien die in den folgenden Jahren 1938–40 dasselbe Institut gemacht hat. Die betreffenden Ergebnisse sind in einer Isogonen-Karte dargestellt, welche zu den 1. Januar 1941 sich bezieht. Daraus lässt sich u. a. zeigen, dass südlich von Tripoli besonders starke Anomalien auftreten.

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The occurrence and significance of Pleistocene and Upper Pliocene sapropels in the Tyrrhenian Sea     

Kay-Christian Emeis  Angelo Camerlenghi  Judith A. McKenzie  Domenico Rio  Rodolfo Sprovieri 《Marine Geology》1991,100(1-4):155-182

Numerous sapropels and sapropelic strata from Upper Pliocene and Pleistocene hemipelagic sediments of the Tyrrhenian Sea show that intermittent anoxia, possibly related to strongly increased biological productivity, was not restricted to the eastern Mediterranean basins and may be a basin-wide result of Late Pliocene-Pleistocene climatic variability. Even though the sapropel assemblage of the Tyrrhenian Sea clearly originates from multiple processes such as deposition under anoxic conditions or during spikes in surface water productivity and lateral transport of organic-rich suspensates, many “pelagic sapropels” have been recognized. Stratigraphic ages calculated for the organic-rich strata recovered during ODP Leg 107 indicate that the frequency of sapropel formation increased from the lowermost Pleistocene to the base of the Jaramillo magnetic event, coinciding with a period when stable isotope records of planktonic foraminifera indicate the onset of climatic cooling in the Mediterranean. A second, very pronounced peak in sapropel formation occurred in the Middle to Late Pleistocene (0.73-0.26 Ma). Formainifers studied in three high-resolution sample sets suggest that changes in surface-water temperature may have been responsible for establishing anoxic conditions, while salinity differences were not noted in the faunal assemblage. However, comparison of sapropel occurrence at Site 653 with the oxygen isotopic record of planktonic foraminifers established by Thunell et al. (Proc. ODP, Sci. Results 107, 1990) indicates that sapropel occurrences coincide with negative δ¹⁸O excursions in planktonic foraminifers in thirteen of eighteen sapropels recognized in Hole 653A. A variant of the meltwater hypothesis accepted for sapropel formation in the Late Pleistocene eastern Mediterranean may thus be the cause of several “anoxic events” in the Tyrrhenian as well. Model calculations indicate that the amount of oxygen advection from Western Mediterranean Deep Water exerts the dominant control on the oxygen content in deep water of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Inhibition of deep-water formation in the northern Adriatic and the Balearic Basin by increased meltwater discharge and changing storm patterns during climatic amelioration may thus be responsible for sapropel formation in the Tyrrhenian Sea.  相似文献