Wind Forecasting Based on the HARMONIE Model and Adaptive Finite Elements     

Albert Oliver  Eduardo Rodríguez  José María Escobar  Gustavo Montero  Mariano Hortal  Javier Calvo  José Manuel Cascón  Rafael Montenegro 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2015,172(1):109-120

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Analysis of Wind Roses Using Hierarchical Cluster and Multidimensional Scaling Analysis at La Plata,Argentina     

Gustavo Ratto  Ricardo Maronna  Guillermo Berri 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2010,137(3):477-492

Knowledge of frequency wind patterns is very important for air pollution modelling, especially in a city like La Plata (approximately 850,000 inhabitants) with high vehicular and industrial activities and no air monitoring network. An hourly wind analysis was carried out on data from two local weather stations (points A and J). An initial result was that, in spite of differences in data quality, the local weather stations observations were consistent with local and regional National Meteorological Service (NMS) monthly based observations. Two non conventional multivariate statistical methods were employed to further analyse hourly data at points A and J. Hierarchical cluster resulted in a good summarising tool to visualise prevailing hourly winds. Resultant vectors emerging from the clustering process showed good similarity between sites and seasons; this allowed a further visualization of the average diurnal wind development. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) permitted a pairwise comparison of a large number of hourly wind roses. These wind roses were more similar to each other in colder seasons and at site A (the one that is closer to the river) than in warmer seasons and at site J. Most of the observed variations regarding seasons and sites revealed by cluster and MDS analysis are explained in terms of the sea-land breeze circulations. The methodology applied proved to be of utility for simplifying the analysis of high dimensional data with numerous observations.  相似文献   

Charmed meson pair production in high-energy pp collisions within the QCD color dipole approach     

Glauber Sampaio dos Santos  Gustavo Gil da Silveira  Magno Valério Trindade Machado 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2024,345(2-3):e230182

A study of double-charmed meson production in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider is presented. Considering the color dipole formalism developed in the transverse momentum representation along with the double parton scattering mechanism, predictions are made for the transverse momentum differential cross section for different pairs of -mesons. The theoretical results cover the center-of-mass energy and forward rapidities available by the LHCb experiment. The proton–proton results considering different unintegrated gluon distributions are compared to the respective data collected at the LHC.  相似文献   

Development of regional future climate change scenarios in South America using the Eta CPTEC/HadCM3 climate change projections: climatology and regional analyses for the Amazon, S?o Francisco and the Paraná River basins     

Jose A. Marengo  Sin Chan Chou  Gillian Kay  Lincoln M. Alves  José F. Pesquero  Wagner R. Soares  Daniel C. Santos  André A. Lyra  Gustavo Sueiro  Richard Betts  Diego J. Chagas  Jorge L. Gomes  Josiane F. Bustamante  Priscila Tavares 《Climate Dynamics》2012,38(9-10):1829-1848

The objective of this study is to assess the climate projections over South America using the Eta-CPTEC regional model driven by four members of an ensemble of the Met Office Hadley Centre Global Coupled climate model HadCM3. The global model ensemble was run over the twenty-first century according to the SRES A1B emissions scenario, but with each member having a different climate sensitivity. The four members selected to drive the Eta-CPTEC model span the sensitivity range in the global model ensemble. The Eta-CPTEC model nested in these lateral boundary conditions was configured with a 40-km grid size and was run over 1961–1990 to represent baseline climate, and 2011–2100 to simulate possible future changes. Results presented here focus on austral summer and winter climate of 2011–2040, 2041–2070 and 2071–2100 periods, for South America and for three major river basins in Brazil. Projections of changes in upper and low-level circulation and the mean sea level pressure (SLP) fields simulate a pattern of weakening of the tropical circulation and strengthening of the subtropical circulation, marked by intensification at the surface of the Chaco Low and the subtropical highs. Strong warming (4–6°C) of continental South America increases the temperature gradient between continental South America and the South Atlantic. This leads to stronger SLP gradients between continent and oceans, and to changes in moisture transport and rainfall. Large rainfall reductions are simulated in Amazonia and Northeast Brazil (reaching up to 40%), and rainfall increases around the northern coast of Peru and Ecuador and in southeastern South America, reaching up to 30% in northern Argentina. All changes are more intense after 2040. The Precipitation–Evaporation (P–E) difference in the A1B downscaled scenario suggest water deficits and river runoff reductions in the eastern Amazon and S?o Francisco Basin, making these regions susceptible to drier conditions and droughts in the future.  相似文献   

Co-seismic landslide detection after M 7.4 earthquake on June 23, 2020, in Oaxaca,Mexico, based on rapid mapping method using high and medium resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images     

Hernandez  Norma Davila  Pastrana  Alexander Ariza  Garcia  Lizeth Caballero  de Leon  Juan Carlos Villagran  Alvarez  Antulio Zaragoza  Morales  Leobardo Dominguez  Nemiga  Xanat Antonio  Posadas  Gustavo Dominguez 《Landslides》2021,18(12):3833-3844

Landslides are the fourth most common natural disasters in the world, with Costa Rica and southern Mexico being the most affected regions of Central America (Froude and Petley, 2018). In this work, we propose a semi-automated method to detect earthquake-triggered landslides for rapid mapping after a disaster event using open Sentinel-1 data. We used high-resolution TerraSAR-X data and very high-resolution Spot-7 images to compare and evaluate the accuracy of landslide distribution maps generated from the semi-automated method, applied to the M 7.1 earthquake on June 23, 2017, in Oaxaca, Mexico. The outcomes showed better accuracy in descending orbits due to ‘windward-leeward’ physiographic conditions, with a 50.56% quality percentage. This shows a reasonably good capacity to detect co-seismic landslides. However, the breaching factor was also high because several features, such as bare soils and agricultural areas, were incorrectly identified as co-seismic landslides. Finally, this semi-automated method establishes a basis for future improvements in methodologies applied to construct rapid mapping inventories using medium SAR scales.

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The complementary use of H NMR, C NMR, FTIR and size exclusion chromatography to investigate the principal structural changes associated with composting of organic materials with diverse origin     

Marta Fuentes  Roberto Baigorri  Gustavo Gonzlez-Gaitano  Jos Ma García-Mina 《Organic Geochemistry》2007,38(12):2012-2023

The aim of this work is to study the structural changes involved in humification processes. Total humic extracts (THE) obtained from five composted materials of diverse origin (solid wastes of wineries, solid mill olive wastes, domestic wastes, ovine manures plus straw, and a mixture of animal manures), and their corresponding initial raw fresh organic mixtures were studied using ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using the cross-polarization magic angle spinning technique (CPMAS), ¹H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). One group of three humic acids extracted from soils, and a second group consisting of two reference humic acids and two reference fulvic acids (1S104H, 1R103H, 1R101F and 1R107F) obtained from the International Humic Substances Society were also characterized using these techniques, in order to compare the features of reference humic and fulvic acids with those of composted materials. Likewise, the results were compared with those obtained in previous studies, in which UV–Visible and fluorescence spectroscopies were employed to characterize the humification degree of the molecular systems.The results obtained by ¹³C CPMAS NMR, ¹H NMR and FTIR indicate that, in general, humification seems to be associated with an increase in the aromatic character of the systems, with the presence of phenol groups as principal substituents and a reduction in oxygen containing functional groups, principally carboxylic or carbonylic groups, as well as the development of molecular fractions with larger size. These results also support the suitability of UV–Visible and fluorescence spectroscopies in the assessment of the humification course of humic extracts in composting processes.  相似文献   

Geological context,mineralization, and timing of the Juramento sediment-hosted stratiform copper–silver deposit,Salta district,northwestern Argentina     

C. Gustavo Durieux  Alex C. Brown 《Mineralium Deposita》2007,42(8):879-899

The Juramento deposit in northwestern Argentina exhibits several readily visible general characteristics of sediment-hosted stratiform copper (SSC) mineralization. It consists of fine-grained disseminated base-metal sulfides within marine to lacustrine graybeds (the basal whitish Late Cretaceous Lecho Sandstone and shallow-water carbonates of the overlying Maastrichtian Yacoraite Formation) that overlie a thick sequence of redbeds (the Pirgua Subgroup). The property has been examined and drilled in three successive exploration programs as a possible analog of world-class mineralization in the copperbelts of central Africa and the Kupferschiefer. The present report provides specific field and laboratory results that confirm the classification as SSC-type mineralization. The host graybeds are the basal sandstone and overlying oolitic and stromatolitic units of the Yacoraite Formation, which are shown from textural studies to be carbonaceous and to have initially contained very fine-grained, disseminated, syndiagenetic pyrite. These sediments would have been sufficiently porous and permeable in early diagenetic time to allow an infiltration of metalliferous fluids from the underlying redbeds, resulting in the observed progressive replacement of in situ pyrite by common base-metal sulfides (sphalerite, galena, argentiferous tetrahedrite, and copper-rich sulfides: first chalcopyrite, then bornite, and finally chalcocite). Sulfur isotope analyses indicate that a portion of the sulfur of ore-stage sulfides is isotopically heavier than that of pyrite, possibly due to a contribution from associated gypsum. Ore-stage sulfides are zoned vertically and obliquely through the mineralized zones, from cupriferous sulfides at low stratigraphic levels to lead- and zinc-rich mineralization above, with unreplaced pyrite remaining within upper Yacoraite strata. The zoned sulfides and their replacement textures, the peneconformable configuration of the mineralized zones, and the position of ore-stage mineralization adjacent to a stratigraphically defined redox transition from redbeds upward into graybeds indicate an overprint of copper (and accompanying ore-stage metals) on originally pyritic graybeds. The influx of ore-stage metals, presumably in an oxidized low-temperature brine, terminated with a silicification event that effectively sealed the host carbonates. These observations and the overall genetic interpretation are consistent with the general deposit-scale genetic model for early diagenetic SSC mineralization. The regional geologic context is also consistent with its classification as a SSC deposit: It is hosted by post-oxyatmoversion sediments and was formed in association with evaporites at a low paleolatitude in a major intracontinental rift system.  相似文献   

Vulnerability to contamination by phosphorus in a zero-order basin with a high density of pigs and a history of slurry addition: extrapolation of an index     

Rafael da Rosa Couto  Luiz Carloz Pittol Martini  Luciano Colpo Gatiboni  Paulo Belli Filho  Sérgio Roberto Martins  Cleiton Junior Ribeiro Lazzari  Vilmar Müller Júnior  Jucinei José Comin  Paul John Anthony Withers  Ricardo Bergamo Schenato  Gustavo Brunetto 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(4):144

The application of phosphorus (P)-index methodology to assess the risk of water pollution from agriculture in river basins usually takes time and expends a great amount of resources. This study adapted the P-index methodology using digital mapping of key basin risk criteria for P loss in reference areas to evaluate the wider vulnerability to P loss in a zero-order basin with an intense concentration of pigs and with a history of pig slurry additions to the soil. The P content of eleven reference areas, where ten areas have received various applications of pig slurry and one area has no history of addition, was extrapolated to a zero-order basin using principal component analysis and analysis of hierarchical groupings. Estimated loss of soil and the distance between the P source and the watercourse were mapped using satellite images and in situ evaluations. The methodology of extrapolating was well correlated with a survey of P concentrations in land runoff and provides the potential to improve land management of those areas that are most vulnerable. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis proved to be useful tools for the separation of areas with different slurry application times. Our results suggest that the P loss risk could be reduced through the adoption of soil conservation techniques such as reduced-tillage incorporating slurry and crop residue management to provide adequate soil protection, reduce the impact of raindrops and reduce erosion risk and transport of chemical pollutants to water bodies.  相似文献   

A large epeiric methanogenic Bambuí sea in the core of Gondwana supercontinent?     

Sergio Caetano-Filho  Pierre Sansjofre  Magali Ader  Gustavo M.Paula-Santos  Cristian Guacaneme  Marly Babinski  Carolina Bedoya-Rueda  Matheus Kuchenbecker  Humberto L.S.Reis  Ricardo I.F.Trindade 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(1):203-218

Carbon isotope compositions of both sedimentary carbonate and organic matter can be used as key proxies of the global carbon cycle and of its evolution through time,as long as they are acquired from waters where the dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)is in isotope equilibrium with the atmospheric CO2.However,in shallow water platforms and epeiric settings,the influence of local to regional parameters on carbon cycling may lead to DIG isotope variations unrelated to the global carbon cycle.This may be especially true for the terminal Neoproterozoic,when Gondwana assembly isolated waters masses from the global ocean,and extreme positive and negative carbon isotope excursions are recorded,potentially decoupled from global signals.To improve our understanding on the type of information recorded by these excursions,we investigate the pairedδ^13Ccarb andδ^13Corg evolution for an increasingly restricted late Ediacaran-Cambrian foreland system in the West Gondwana interior:the basal Bambui Group.This succession represents a 1~(st)-order sedimentary sequence and records two majorδ^13Ccarb excursions in its two lowermost lower-rank sequences.The basal cap carbonate interval at the base of the first sequence,deposited when the basin was connected to the ocean,hosts antithetical negative and positive excursions forδ^13Ccarb andδ^13Corg,respectively,resulting inΔ^13C values lower than 25‰.From the top of the basal sequence upwards,an extremely positiveδ^13Ccarb excursion is coupled toδ^13Corg,reaching values of+14‰and-14‰,respectively.This positive excursion represents a remarkable basin-wide carbon isotope feature of the Bambui Group that occurs with only minor changes inΔ^13C values,suggesting change in the DIC isotope composition.We argue that this regional isotopic excursion is related to a disconnection between the intrabasinal and the global carbon cycles.This extreme carbon isotope excursion may have been a product of a disequilibria between the basin DIC and atmospheric CO2 induced by an active methanogenesis,favored by the basin restriction.The drawdown of sulfate reservoir by microbial sulfate reduction in a poorly ventilated and dominantly anoxic basin would have triggered methanogenesis and ultimately methane escape to the atmosphere,resulting in a^13C-enriched DIC influenced by methanogenic CO2.Isolated basins in the interior of the Gondwana supercontinent may have represented a significant source of methane inputs to the atmosphere,potentially affecting both the global carbon cycle and the climate.  相似文献   

Methodology for evaluation of potential sites for large-scale riverbank filtration     

Hoang  Ngoc Anh T.  Covatti  Gustavo  Grischek  Thomas 《Hydrogeology Journal》2022,30(6):1701-1716

Despite being a simple and inexpensive pretreatment technology, the cost-effectiveness of riverbank filtration (RBF) depends on complex hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical variables. One of the most important issues for decision makers regarding RBF is optimal site selection. Therefore, a methodology for multicriteria site evaluation for large-scale RBF schemes is offered. The methodology is primarily designed as a prescreening method, applied over a wide area, but can also serve as a guide for evaluating individual RBF sites. To facilitate further discussion about improvements on the methodology, the reasoning behind each relevant factor and its weight in the evaluation is presented. The methodology is divided into three sequential steps through which a site can be assessed. The first step is to establish the existence of connectivity between the river and aquifer. This is termed the essential criterion, and is a binary determination of site suitability. If the site is determined to be suitable, it is then assessed via a set of quantity criteria, which measure the aquifer capacity and amount of bank filtrate that can be effectively abstracted. Lastly, water quality criteria are assessed by means of surface-water and groundwater quality. The quantity and quality criteria form a result expressed as the site suitability index (SSI), which ranges from 0 to 1, where higher scores represent increased suitability. Finally, the methodology is applied to evaluate existing sites of large-scale RBF application as a demonstration of its applicability. The success of these existing sites is compared to the calculated SSI value and discussed.

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