Estimation and prediction of plastic waste annual input into the sea from China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

BAI Mengyu  ZHU Lixin  AN Lihui  PENG Guyu  LI Daoji 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(11):26-39

Marine plastic debris has been a pervasive issue since the last century, and research on its sources and fates plays a vital role in the establishment of mitigation measures. However, data on the quantity of plastic waste that enters the sea on a certain timescale remain largely unavailable in China. Here, we established a model using material flow analysis method based on life cycle assessment to follow plastic product from primary plastic to plastic waste with statistical data and monitoring data from accurate sources. This model can be used to estimate and forecast the annual input of plastic waste into the sea from China until 2020. In 2011, 0.547 3–0.751 5 million tons of plastic waste entered the seas in China, with a growth rate of 4.55% per year until 2017. And the amount will decrease to0.257 1 to 0.353 1 million tons in 2020 under the influence of governmental management. The amount of plastic waste discharged from coastal areas calculated in this study was much larger than that from river, thus it is suggested to strengthen the governance and control of plastic waste in coastal fishery activities in China in order to reduce the amount of marine plastic waste input.  相似文献   

Review of pre-processing technologies for ice cores     

Wen-tao Du  Shi-chang Kang  Xiang Qin  Wei-jun Sun  Yu-lan Zhang  Yu-shuo Liu  Ji-zu Chen 《山地科学学报》2018,15(9):1950-1960

High-resolution ice core records covering long time spans enable reconstruction of the past climatic and environmental conditions allowing the investigation of the earth system’s evolution. Preprocessing of ice cores has direct impacts on the data quality control for further analysis since the conventional ice core processing is time-consuming, produces qualitative data, leads to ice mass loss, and leads to risks of potential secondary pollution. However, over the past several decades, preprocessing of ice cores has received less attention than the improvement of ice drilling, the analytical methodology of various indices, and the researches on the climatic and environmental significance of ice core records. Therefore, this papers reviews the development of the processing for ice cores including framework, design as well as materials, analyzes the technical advantages and disadvantages of the different systems. In the past, continuous flow analysis (CFA) has been successfully applied to process the polar ice cores. However, it is not suitable for ice cores outside polar region because of high level of particles, the memory effect between samples, and the filtration before injection. Ice core processing is a subtle and professional operation due to the fragility of the nonmetallic materials and the random distribution of particles and air bubbles in ice cores, which aggravates uncertainty in the measurements. The future developments of CFA are discussed in preprocessing, memory effect, challenge for brittle ice, coupling with real-time analysis and optimization of CFA in the field. Furthermore, non-polluting cutters with many different configurations could be designed to cut and scrape in multiple directions and to separate inner and outer portions of the core. This system also needs to be coupled with streamlined operation of packaging, coding, and stacking that can be implemented at high resolution and rate, avoiding manual intervention. At the same time, information of the longitudinal sections could be scanned and identified, and then classified to obtain quantitative data. In addition, irregular ice volume and weight can also be obtained accurately. These improvements are recorded automatically via user-friendly interfaces. These innovations may be applied to other paleomedias with similar features and needs.  相似文献   

Binary Star Fractions from the LAMOST DR4     

Zhi-Jia Tian  Xiao-Wei Liu  Hai-Bo Yuan  Bing-Qiu Chen  Mao-Sheng Xiang  Yang Huang  Chun Wang  Hua-Wei Zhang  Jin-Cheng Guo  Juan-Juan Ren  Zhi-Ying Huo  Yong Yang  Meng Zhang  Shao-Lan Bi  Wu-Ming Yang  Kang Liu  Xian-Fei Zhang  Tan-Da Li  Ya-Qian Wu  Jing-Hua Zhang 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2018,(5)

Stellar systems composed of single, double, triple or higher-order systems are rightfully regarded as the fundamental building blocks of the Milky Way. Binary stars play an important role in formation and evolution of the Galaxy. Through comparing the radial velocity variations from multiepoch observations, we analyze the binary fraction of dwarf stars observed with LAMOST. Effects of different model assumptions, such as orbital period distributions on the estimate of binary fractions,are investigated. The results based on log-normal distribution of orbital periods reproduce the previous complete analyses better than the power-law distribution. We find that the binary fraction increases with Teff and decreases with [Fe/H]. We first investigate the relation between α-elements and binary fraction in such a large sample as provided by LAMOST. The old stars with high [α/Fe] dominate with a higher binary fraction than young stars with low [α/Fe]. At the same mass, earlier forming stars possess a higher binary fraction than newly forming ones, which may be related with evolution of the Galaxy.  相似文献   

An algorithm to resolve γ-rays from charged cosmic rays with DAMPE     

Zun-Lei Xu  Kai-Kai Duan  Zhao-Qiang Shen  Shi-Jun Lei  Tie-Kuang Dong  Fabio Gargano  Simone Garrappa  Dong-Ya Guo  Wei Jiang  Xiang Li  Yun-Feng Liang  Mario Nicola Mazziotta  Maria Fernanda Munoz Salinas  Meng Su  Valerio Vagelli  Qiang Yuan  Chuan Yue  Jing-Jing Zang  Ya-Peng Zhang  Yun-Long Zhang  Stephan Zimmer 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2018,(3)

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),also known as Wukong in China,which was launched on 2015 December 17,is a new high energy cosmic ray and γ-ray satellite-borne observatory.One of the main scientific goals of DAMPE is to observe Ge V-Te V high energy γ-rays with accurate energy,angular and time resolution,to indirectly search for dark matter particles and for the study of high energy astrophysics. Due to the comparatively higher fluxes of charged cosmic rays with respect to γ-rays,it is challenging to identify γ-rays with sufficiently high efficiency,minimizing the amount of charged cosmic ray contamination. In this work we present a method to identify γ-rays in DAMPE data based on Monte Carlo simulations,using the powerful electromagnetic/hadronic shower discrimination provided by the calorimeter and the veto detection of charged particles provided by the plastic scintillation detector. Monte Carlo simulations show that after this selection the number of electrons and protons that contaminate the selected γ-ray events at～10 Ge V amounts to less than 1% of the selected sample.Finally,we use flight data to verify the effectiveness of the method by highlighting known γ-ray sources in the sky and by reconstructing preliminary light curves of the Geminga pulsar.  相似文献   

近20年京津唐地区不透水面变化的遥感监测     

向超  朱翔  胡德勇  乔琨  陈姗姗 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(5):684-693

不透水面是衡量城市化程度的重要指标之一,对京津唐城市群的不透水面进行深入研究,可以量化城市群扩张过程及其影响,对该区域多城市协调发展及规划布局具有重要意义。本文结合高分辨遥感影像、生长季及落叶季的Landsat TM遥感影像和夜间灯光数据等,采用分类和回归树（Classification and rRegression Tree, CART）算法,构建了适于京津唐地区不透水面盖度提取的技术方案,获取了京津唐地区1995-2016年共5期地表不透水面盖度专题信息,并分析了地表不透水面的时空演变规律,结论为：① 适于京津唐地区不透水面盖度提取的CART算法的最佳输入变量组合为：生长季和落叶季的Landsat TM图像以及对应的夜间灯光数据;其次为生长季Landsat TM遥感图像和夜间灯光数据组合方案。利用该组合方案,ISP估算输出结果的交叉验证精度R值可以达到约0.85,可以满足地表不透水面纵向对比分析的需要。② 从地表不透水面总面积数量值来看,1995-2016年京津唐主体城市区域整体上呈增长趋势,其中2011-2016年地表不透水面积增加愈加明显;③ 从地表不透水面盖度值的高低来看,1995-2016年京津唐中、高盖度不透水面的占比都是在不断增长的,低盖度不透水面占比存在少量下降现象,且京、津、唐3城市的主体城区各阶段变化差异较大,反映出了各城市扩张具有各自不同的时空演变特征。  相似文献   

Seismogenic Structures of the 2006 ML4.0 Dangan Island Earthquake Offshore Hong Kong     

XIA Shaohong  CAO Jinghe  SUN Jinlong  LV Jinshui  XU Huilong  ZHANG Xiang  WAN Kuiyuan  FAN Chaoyan  ZHOU Pengxiang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,(1)

The northern margin of the South China Sea, as a typical extensional continental margin, has relatively strong intraplate seismicity. Compared with the active zones of Nanao Island, Yangjiang, and Heyuan, seismicity in the Pearl River Estuary is relatively low. However, a ML4.0 earthquake in 2006 occurred near Dangan Island(DI) offshore Hong Kong, and this site was adjacent to the source of the historical M5.8 earthquake in 1874. To reveal the seismogenic mechanism of intraplate earthquakes in DI, we systematically analyzed the structural characteristics in the source area of the 2006 DI earthquake using integrated 24-channel seismic profiles, onshore–offshore wide-angle seismic tomography, and natural earthquake parameters. We ascertained the locations of NW-and NE-trending faults in the DI sea and found that the NE-trending DI fault mainly dipped southeast at a high angle and cut through the crust with an obvious low-velocity anomaly. The NW-trending fault dipped southwest with a similar high angle. The 2006 DI earthquake was adjacent to the intersection of the NE-and NW-trending faults, which suggested that the intersection of the two faults with different strikes could provide a favorable condition for the generation and triggering of intraplate earthquakes. Crustal velocity model showed that the high-velocity anomaly was imaged in the west of DI, but a distinct entity with low-velocity anomaly in the upper crust and high-velocity anomaly in the lower crust was found in the south of DI. Both the 1874 and 2006 DI earthquakes occurred along the edge of the distinct entity. Two vertical cross-sections nearly perpendicular to the strikes of the intersecting faults revealed good spatial correlations between the 2006 DI earthquake and the low to high speed transition in the distinct entity. This result indicated that the transitional zone might be a weakly structural body that can store strain energy and release it as a brittle failure, resulting in an earthquake-prone area.  相似文献   

Observations and analyses of floc size and floc settling velocity in coastal salt marsh of Luoyuan Bay, Fujian Province, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Aijun  YE Xiang  CHEN Jian 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(3):116-126

In coastal environments, fine-grain sediments often aggregate into large and porous flocs. ElectroMagnetic Current Meters (EMCM) and Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST-ST) have been deployed within a Spartina alterniflora marsh of the Luoyuan Bay in Fujian Province, China, to measure the current velocity, the floc size and the settling velocity between 15 and 22 January 2008. During the observations, the near-bed water was collected in order to obtain the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and constituent grain size. Data show that: (1) the nearbed current velocities vary from 0.1 to 5.6 cm/s in the central Spartina alterniflora marsh and 0.1–12.5 cm/s at the edge; (2) the SSCs vary from 47 to 188 mg/dm 3 . The mean grain size of constituent grains varies from 7.0 to 9.6 μm, and the mean floc sizes (MFS) vary from 30.4 to 69.4 μm. The relationship between the mean floc size and settling velocity can be described as: w s =ad b , in which w s is the floc settling velocity (mm/s), a and b are coefficients. The floc settling velocity varies from 0.17 to 0.32 mm/s, with a mean value of 0.26 mm/s, and the floc settling velocity during the flood tide is higher than that during the ebb tide. The current velocity and the SSC are the main factors controlling the flocculation processes and the floc settling velocity.  相似文献   

台湾海峡西南部海域春季悬浮体及沉积物来源与输运机制   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王爱军  陈坚  叶翔  黄财宾  汪卫国  赖志坤  胡毅  李云海 《海洋学报》2010,32(6):130-143

台湾海峡作为连接东海和南海的重要通道,其悬浮体和沉积物的来源和输运格局非常复杂。2005年4~5月利用带有浊度传感器和荧光传感器的SD204型CTD对台湾海峡西南部海域627个站位的悬浮体特性进行了综合调查,并采集了底层沉积物。在室内分别利用英国Marlvern公司生产的Mastersizer 2000型激光粒度仪和德国ELEMENTOR公司生产的ELEMENTOR varioELIII型元素分析仪对表层沉积物进行了粒度分析和沉积物碳、氮含量测定,结果表明,台湾海峡西南部海域春季受粤东沿岸流、韩江冲淡水、九龙江冲淡水及台湾海峡混合水影响,其中粤东沿岸流在向北输运过程中影响强度逐渐减弱,韩江冲淡水影响范围较大,并且在西南季风的控制下向东北方向输运;长时间尺度的沉积物输运格局表明,近岸沉积物由岸向海输运,远海地区沉积物由海向岸输运,并且在汕尾南部海域、南澳岛东南部海域形成了沉积物的汇聚区,沉积物以陆源为主;表层沉积物的输运过程受控于区域内水团、悬浮体分布及运动格局;在春季上升流形成早期尽管叶绿素荧光值相对较低,但其对表层沉积物的输运过程起着非常重要的控制作用。  相似文献   

海平面上升对河北黄骅台风风暴潮漫滩影响的数值研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

仉天宇  于福江  董剑希  付翔 《海洋通报》2010,29(5)

基于河北省黄骅地区的风暴潮漫滩灾害风险评估模型,利用成熟的业务化台风风暴潮数值预报模式、100m分辨率的风暴潮漫滩数值模式,以及该地区的海平面上升和地面沉降结果数据,对台风登陆地点、路径、方向进行科学组合,利用各种组合参数条件进行数值计算,得到了995、985、975、965hPa四种台风强度下,海平面上升对风暴潮漫滩的影响。在相对海平面上升50cm和100cm情况下,四种台风强度的风暴潮平均最大漫滩面积分别增加了约35%和86%;台风强度中等,即985或975hPa时,风暴潮最大漫滩面积的增加更为显著。研究表明,海平面上升对该地区的漫滩影响非常明显,有效防范风暴潮灾害的同时,在气候变化的大背景下,应进一步研究和提出应对海平面上升的长效防治措施。  相似文献   

江苏沿海地区地形地貌资源的开发与利用     

项立辉  刘健  孔祥淮  陈代庚  徐刚 《海洋地质前沿》2010,26(9)

江苏沿海地区地理位置优越,海岸类型以粉砂淤泥质海岸为主,中南部海岸外有辐射状沙洲,形成独特的海岸和海底地形。通过总结江苏沿海地区地形地貌特点,结合以往调查资料的分析研究,对涉及该地区地形地貌资源的开发与利用方面的海洋权益、港口河道及海上工程的建设、扩大陆地面积、地质环境及其开发与利用等方面进行了探讨。  相似文献