Best practices for the use of meteorite names in publications     

Philipp R. Heck  Christopher Herd  Jeffrey N. Grossman  Dmitry Badjukov  Audrey Bouvier  Emma Bullock  Hasnaa Chennaoui‐Aoudjehane  Vinciane Debaille  Tasha L. Dunn  Denton S. Ebel  Ludovic Ferrire  Laurence Garvie  Jrme Gattacceca  Matthieu Gounelle  Richard Herd  Trevor Ireland  Emmanuel Jacquet  Robert J. Macke  Tim McCoy  Francis M. McCubbin  Takashi Mikouchi  Knut Metzler  Mathieu Roskosz  Caroline Smith  Meenakshi Wadhwa  Linda Welzenbach‐Fries  Toru Yada  Akira Yamaguchi  Ryan A. Zeigler  Michael Zolensky 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2019,54(7):1397-1400

  相似文献   

The effect of net-transfer reactions on the isotopic composition of minerals     

C. Page Chamberlain  John M. Ferry  Douglas Rumble III 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1990,105(3):322-336

To interpret correctly the isotopic composition of metmorphic rocks and minerals, the effect of nettransfer reactions must be quantitatively evaluated. Such evaluation requires a complete set of linearly independent, net-transfer reactions that fully describe the reacting system. The set of net-transfer reactions is then coupled with mass-balance equations for stable isotopes. Reaction spaces can be contoured with isopleths of °¹⁸O, °¹³C, and D of minerals which allows evaluation of the effect of different reactions and bulk compositions on the stable isotopic composition of minerals and rocks. Using this approach, we examined the effect of fractionation of isotopes due to net-transfer reactions at the biotite and second-sillimanite isograds in northern New England. Our analysis shows that the shift in °¹³C and °¹⁸O at an isograd depends strongly upon the overall net-transfer reaction at the isograd and the bulk composition of the rock. The use of model isograd reactions to determine isotopic shifts, therefore, can lead to serious errors in the interpretation of isotopic data. At the second-sillimanite isograd °¹⁸O _qtz (quartz), °¹⁸O _kspar (K feldsdpar), and °¹⁸O _wr (whole rock) decrease by 0.5, 1.0, and 0.8 per mil, respectively. Quantitative evaluation of the effect of fractionation of isotopes by net-transfer reactions shows that: (1) the relative changes in oxygen isotopes across the isograd could be caused by distillation of fluids during develatilization reactions; (2) the magnitude of the observed isotopic shifts often differs by a factor of 2 from the calculated shifts due to reaction progress alone. The difference between observed and calculated shifts is attributed to either, differences in bulk composition between individual rocks, or, to isotopic exchange between minerals after peak metamorphism. At the biotite isograd the shifts in carbon and oxygen isotope values are different from predicted shifts caused by net-transfer reactions alone. This discrepancy suggests that fluids infiltrated the rocks during the formation of the biotite isograd.  相似文献   

Evidence from mineral assemblages for infiltration of pelitic schists by aqueous fluids during metamorphism   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gregory H Symmes  John M Ferry 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1991,108(4):419-438

Prograde mineral assemblages and compositions have been predicted for pelitic schist in the 10 component system Na₂O–K₂O–CaO–MnO–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–CO₂–H₂O for three cases of prograde metamorphism and fluid-rock interaction: (1) increasing temperature (T) at constant pressure (P) and constant pore fluid volume (1%) without infiltration (no-infiltration case); (2) increasing T at constant P accompanied by sufficient fluid infiltration that fluid composition is at all times constant (large-flux case); and (3) increasing T at constantP accompanied by a timeintegrated fluid flux f 10⁴ cm^{3 cm 2} (intermediate-flux case). Stable mineral assemblages and compositions were calculated by solving a system of non-linear equations that specify mass balance and chemical equilibrium between minerals and fluid. The model pelitic system includes quartz, muscovite, plagioclasc, chlorite, ankerite, siderite, biotite, garnet, staurolite, andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite, K-feldspar, and a coexisting, binary H₂O–CO₂ fluid. Specifically, prograde thermal metamorphism was modelled for Shaw's (1956) average low-grade pelite and for a moderate range of bulk rock compositions at P=3, 5, and 7 kb and initial fluids with Xco ₂ ^o =0.02–0.40. The model predicts a carbonate-bearing mineral assemblage for average pelite under chlorite zone conditions composed of quartz, muscovite, albite, chlorite, ankerite, and siderite. The mineral assemblages predicted for the noinfiltration case are unlike those typically observed in regional metamorphic terranes. Simulations of metamorphism for the large-flux and intermediate-flux cases, however, reproduce the sequence of mineral assemblages observed in normal Barrovian regional metamorphic terranes. These results suggest that regional metamorphism of pelitic schists is typically associated with infiltration of significant quantities of aqueous fluid.  相似文献   

Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Rhizosphere of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spartina-</Emphasis>Dominated Salt Marsh Systems     

Dewamunnage Muditha C. Dias  Justin M. Copeland  Carrie L. Milliken  Xiangming Shi  John L. Ferry  Timothy J. Shaw 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2016,22(5-6):573-591

This paper reports the presence of a metastable mixture of Fe(II), O₂, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in sediment pore water in organic carbon-rich sediments in Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh systems. Field measurements at two different estuarine sites in South Carolina (one heavily urbanized and a protected research reserve) showed a broad region of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production more than 15 cm below the sediment surface within and immediately adjacent to the rhizospheres of S. alterniflora. Dissolved Fe(II) was positively correlated with hydrogen peroxide indicating a possible abiotic pathway to ROS production (r ² = 0.94). The null hypothesis was tested that Fe(II) inventories were maintained by protective ligands and thus unreactive with respect to O₂ consumption and ROS production. The addition of an Fe-binding ligand, DTPA, resulted in rapid decline of ROS in pore water, indicating that Fe(II) was labile. The half-life of superoxide under the measured solution conditions was calculated and found to be less than a second. The combination of high lability and persistent ROS was interpreted to indicate a high rate of Fe(II) and O₂ supply to the pore water. The ²²⁴Ra/²²⁸Th disequilibrium was measured to determine the potential for advective mass transfer of dissolved oxygen via pore water exchange. The estimated pore water exchange of 54 L m^?2 day^?1 was significant but could not support the measured production of ROS alone, the direct exchange of O₂ from the S. alterniflora root system may have contributed significantly to ROS production in the sediments.  相似文献   

Cell responses to xenobiotics: comparison of MCF7 multi-drug- and mussel blood cell multi-xenobiotic-defense mechanisms     

Marin M  Legros H  Poret A  Leboulenger F  Le Foll F 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):209-213

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in MCF7 breast cancer cells and multi-xenobiotic resistance (MXR) in mussel (Mytilus edulis) blood cells (MBC) are well known mechanisms that contribute to the decrease in intracellular concentrations of many unrelated but cytotoxic compounds. In the present work, we have carried out comparative investigations of the MDR/MXR protective mechanisms using a rapid colorimetric assay for cell viability and calcein accumulation for MDR/MXR activities. These studies were performed using cultured MCF7 and MBC before and after in vitro exposure to xenobiotics. Our results indicate that a 5-day exposure to doxorubicin or vincristine decreased calcein accumulation in MBC which is consistent with an induction of multi-xenobiotic resistance. The increase in calcein accumulation provoked by 1-h treatment with 50 microM verapamil was much lower in MBC when compared to the P-glycoprotein overexpressing MCF7 cell line. We conclude that such microplate assays could be used in primary cultures of MBC to estimate the effects of various chemicals on MXR activity.  相似文献   

The essential contribution of indigenous knowledge to understanding natural hazards and disaster risk: historical evidence from the Rwenzori (Uganda)     

Bwambale  Bosco  Nyeko  Martine  Sekajugo  John  Kervyn  Matthieu 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(3):1847-1867

Natural Hazards - The integration of indigenous knowledge into understanding disasters from natural hazards is hitherto hampered by the limited conceptualization of the process that shapes...  相似文献   

Microvertebrates from the Rhaetian basal bone bed of Saltford,near Bath,SW England     

Matthieu Moreau  Christopher J. Duffin  Claudia Hildebrandt  Deborah Hutchinson  Adam Parker  Simon Carpenter  Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2021,132(2):174-187

The famous Rhaetian bone bed (Late Triassic, 205 Ma) is well known because it marks a major switch in depositional environment from terrestrial red beds to fully marine conditions throughout the UK and much of Europe. The bone bed is generally cemented and less than 10 cm thick. However, we report here an unusual case from Saltford, near Bath, S.W. England where the bone bed is unconsolidated and up to nearly 1 m thick. The exposure of the basal beds of the Westbury Formation, Penarth Group includes a bone bed containing a diverse Rhaetian marine microvertebrate fauna dominated by sharks, actinopterygian fishes and reptiles. Despite the unusual sedimentary character of the bone bed, we find similar proportions of taxa as in other basal Rhaetian bone beds (55–59 % Lissodus teeth, 13–16 % Rhomphaiodon teeth, 12–14 % Severnichthys teeth, 6–9% Gyrolepis teeth, 3–4% undetermined sharks’ teeth, 1–3% undetermined bony fish teeth, and < 1% of each of Hybodus, Parascylloides, and Sargodon), the only differences being in the proportions of Rhomphaiodon teeth, which can represent 30–40 % of specimens elsewhere. This suggests that taphonomic bias of varying Rhaetian bone beds may be comparable despite different sedimentary settings, and that the proportions of taxa say something about their original proportions in the ecosystem.  相似文献   

Toward an early warning system for dengue prevention: modeling climate impact on dengue transmission     

Nicolas Degallier  Charly Favier  Christophe Menkes  Matthieu Lengaigne  Walter M. Ramalho  Régilo Souza  Jacques Servain  Jean-Philippe Boulanger 《Climatic change》2010,98(3-4):581-592

Dengue fever is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease of humans in tropical lands. As an efficient vaccine is not yet available, the only means to prevent epidemics is to control mosquito populations. These are influenced by human behavior and climatic conditions and thus, need constant effort and are very expansive. Examples of succeeded prevention are rare because of the continuous reintroduction of virus or vector from outside, or growing resistance of mosquito populations to insecticides. Climate variability and global warming are other factors which may favour epidemics of dengue. During a pilot study in Claris EC project, a model for the transmission of dengue was built, to serve as a tool for estimating the risk of epidemic transmission and eventually forecasting the risk under climatic change scenarios. An ultimate objective would be to use the model as an early warning system with meteorological forecasts as input, thus allowing better decision making and prevention.  相似文献   

Analysis of the 2002 May earthquake sequence in the central Pyrenees, consequences for the evaluation of the seismic risk at Lourdes, France     

Noalwenn Dubos  Matthieu Sylvander  Annie Souriau  Christian Ponsolles  Sébastien Chevrot  Jean-François Fels  Sébastien Benahmed 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,156(3):527-540

  相似文献   

The effect of thermal history on the development of mineral assemblages during infiltration-driven contact metamorphism     

G. M. Dipple  John M. Ferry 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1996,124(3-4):334-345

 A one-dimensional model for coupled heat flow, fluid flow, and mineral reaction predicts the identity and spatial and temporal distributions of mineral assemblages produced during contact metamorphism of siliceous dolomite. Results are compared to mineral distributions predicted by transport models for fluid flow along steady-state temperature profiles and to mineral distributions observed in contact aureoles to assess whether a detailed analysis of heat flow is required to extract meaningful information of fluid flow history from field data. Results identify several mineral assemblages whose interpretation in terms of fluid flow is dependent on an understanding of their thermal history. Certain key mineral assemblages, however, are sensitive records of the geometry and amount of fluid flow but are insensitive to thermal history. The presence or absence of these mineral assemblages constrains the history of fluid flow during contact metamorphism of siliceous dolomite regardless of the details of heat flow. Occurrences of the key assemblages record both magmatic fluid flow in the direction of decreasing temperature (Alta, Elkhorn aureoles) and metamorphic fluid flow in the direction of increasing temperature (Beinn an Dubhaich, Kasuga-mura aureoles) during contact metamorphism. Time-integrated input fluid flux averages on the order of 100 mol/cm² with a range of ±1 order of magnitude. Received: 13 October 1995 / Accepted: 20 March 1996  相似文献