Detection of mines in acoustic images using higher order spectral features     

Chandran  V. Elgar  S. Nguyen  A. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2002,27(3):610-618

A new pattern-recognition algorithm detects approximately 90% of the mines hidden in the Coastal Systems Station Sonar0, 1, and 3 databases of cluttered acoustic images, with about 10% false alarms. Similar to other approaches, the algorithm presented here includes processing the images with an adaptive Wiener filter (the degree of smoothing depends on the signal strength in a local neighborhood) to remove noise without destroying the structural information in the mine shapes, followed by a two-dimensional FIR filter designed to suppress noise and clutter, while enhancing the target signature. A double peak pattern is produced as the FIR filter passes over mine highlight and shadow regions. Although the location, size, and orientation of this pattern within a region of the image can vary, features derived from higher order spectra (HOS) are invariant to translation, rotation, and scaling, while capturing the spatial correlations of mine-like objects. Classification accuracy is improved by combining features based on geometrical properties of the filter output with features based on HOS. The highest accuracy is obtained by fusing classification based on bispectral features with classification based on trispectral features.  相似文献   

Direct parameter identification of fractured porous medium     

V.V. Nguyen 《Advances in water resources》1983,6(1):11-14

A direct method of parameter identification for a fracture porous medium can be formulated. The coefficient of piezo-conductivity and the virtual fracture transmissivity can be determined using a combination of graphical methods and approximate formulae. Field calculation provides a practical demonstration of the proposed approach.  相似文献   

Long-term variations in leaf area index and light extinction in a Fagus sylvatica stand as estimated from global radiation profiles     

Q. Wang  J. Tenhunen  A. Granier  M. Reichstein  O. Bouriaud  D. Nguyen  N. Breda 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2004,79(3-4):225-238

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Detection of PAHs in seawater using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)     

Schmidt H  Bich Ha N  Pfannkuche J  Amann H  Kronfeldt HD  Kowalewska G 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(3):229-234

The laboratory characterization of a field-operable surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensor (SERS optode) is presented for the detection of aromatic hydrocarbons in seawater. The sensor has been developed for deployment with a robust underwater spectrograph. To meet the demands of the harsh seawater application, sol-gel derived SERS substrates were used. The calibration curves of six PAHs were determined to be of Langmuir adsorption isotherm type with limits of detection ranging from the microg l(-1) to ng l(-1) level. The experimentally determined adsorption constants varied strongly with the molecular weight of the analytes and correlated with their solubility. A mixture of five PAHs dissolved in seawater was investigated to demonstrate the utility of this method for screening. Emphasis was put on the interference from suspended particulate matter (SPM). The Raman measurement with backscattering configuration was shown to be immune against turbidities up to 1000 NTU. The physico-chemical interference arising from adsorption by the sediment was measured on-line by adding sediment to a PAH-spiked solution. According to the calibration curve, the PAH concentration decrease corresponded to more than 98% of the analyte being scavenged by the sediment.  相似文献   

Fine-resolution regional climate model simulations of the impact of climate change on tropical cyclones near Australia     

K.?J.?E.?WalshEmail author  K.-C.?Nguyen  J.?L.?McGregor 《Climate Dynamics》2004,22(1):47-56

Fine-resolution regional climate simulations of tropical cyclones (TCs) are performed over the eastern Australian region. The horizontal resolution (30 km) is fine enough that a good climatological simulation of observed tropical cyclone formation is obtained using the observed tropical cyclone lower wind speed threshold (17 m s^–1). This simulation is performed without the insertion of artificial vortices (bogussing). The simulated occurrence of cyclones, measured in numbers of days of cyclone activity, is slightly greater than observed. While the model-simulated distribution of central pressures resembles that observed, simulated wind speeds are generally rather lower, due to weaker than observed pressure gradients close to the centres of the simulated storms. Simulations of the effect of climate change are performed. Under enhanced greenhouse conditions, simulated numbers of TCs do not change very much compared with those simulated for the current climate, nor do regions of occurrence. There is a 56% increase in the number of simulated storms with maximum winds greater than 30 m s^–1 (alternatively, a 26% increase in the number of storms with central pressures less than 970 hPa). In addition, there is an increase in the number of intense storms simulated south of 30°S. This increase in simulated maximum storm intensity is consistent with previous studies of the impact of climate change on tropical cyclone wind speeds.  相似文献   

Black carbon decomposition under varying water regimes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Binh Thanh Nguyen  Johannes Lehmann 《Organic Geochemistry》2009,40(8):846-853

The stability of biomass-derived black carbon (BC) or biochar as a slow cycling pool in the global C cycle is an important property and is likely governed by environmental conditions. This study investigated the effects of water regimes (saturated, unsaturated and alternating saturated–unsaturated conditions) and differences in BC materials, produced by carbonizing corn residues and oak wood at two temperatures (350 °C and 600 °C) on BC degradation at 30 °C over 1 year in a full factorial experiment. Effects of water regime on C loss and potential cation exchange capacity (CECp at pH 7) significantly depended on biomass type. Corn BC was both mineralized (16% C loss for the first year) and was oxidized [1000 mmole(+) kg^?1 C] significantly faster under unsaturated conditions than under other water regimes, whereas oak BC mineralized most rapidly (12%) under alternating saturated–unsaturated conditions with similar oxidation, irrespective of water regime. Over 1 year of saturated incubation, the O/C ratio values did not significantly (P > 0.05) increase even though BC was mineralized by 9% and CECp increased by 170 mmole(+) kg^?1 C, in contrast to unsaturated and alternating saturated–unsaturated conditions. While mineralization and oxidation significantly decreased at higher charring temperature for corn, no difference was observed for oak (P > 0.05). Unsaturated and alternating conditions increased carboxylic and OH functional groups, while they decreased aliphatic groups. The pH increased by about one unit for corn BC, but decreased by 0.2 units for oak BC, indicating strong mineral dissolution of corn BC. Carbon loss strongly correlated with changes in O/C values of both corn BC and oak BC, indicating that oxidation of BC was most likely the major mechanism controlling its stability. However, under saturated conditions, additional mechanisms may govern BC degradation and require further investigation.  相似文献   

Characteristic Features of Solar Cosmic Rays in the 21st–24th Solar-Activity Cycles According to Data from Catalogs of Solar Proton Events     

Bazilevskaya  G. A.  Daibog  E. I.  Logachev  Yu. I.  Vlasova  N. A.  Ginzburg  E. A.  Ishkov  V. N.  Lazutin  L. L.  Nguyen  M. D.  Surova  G. M.  Yakovchouk  O. S. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2021,61(1):6-13

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Homogeneous series of solar cosmic-ray events for four solar-activity cycles against the background of decreased activity in cycles 23 and 24 are considered. The number...  相似文献   

Effects of riverbed incision on the hydrology of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta     

Doan Van Binh  Sameh A. Kantoush  Tetsuya Sumi  Nguyen Phuong Mai  Trieu Anh Ngoc  La Vinh Trung  Tran Dang An 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14030

The hydrogeomorphology of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) has been significantly altered by natural and anthropogenic drivers. In this study, the spatiotemporal changes of the flow regime were examined by analysing the long-term daily, monthly, annual and extreme discharges and water levels from 1980 to 2018, supported by further investigation of the long-term annual sediment load (from the 1960s to 2015), river bathymetric data (in 1998, 2014 and 2017) and daily salinity concentration (from the 1990s to 2015) using various statistical methods and a coupled numerical model. Then, the effects of riverbed incision on the hydrology were investigated. The results show that the dry season discharge (i.e., in March–June) of the Tien River increased by up to 23% from the predam period (1980–1992) to the postdam period (1993–2018) but that the dry season water level at My Thuan decreased by up to −46%. The annual mean and monthly water levels in June at Tan Chau and in January and June–October at My Thuan in the Tien River decreased statistically, even though the respective discharges increased significantly. These decreased water levels instead of the increased discharges were attributed to the accelerated riverbed incision upstream from My Thuan, which increased by more than three times, from a mean rate of −0.16 m/year (−16.7 Mm³/year) in 1998–2014 to −0.5 m/year (−52.5 Mm³/year) in 2014–2017. This accelerated riverbed incision was likely caused by the reduction in the sediment load of the VMD (from 166.7 Mt/year in the predam period to 57.6 Mt/year in the postdam period) and increase in sand mining (from 3.9 Mm³ in 2012 to 13.43 Mm³ in 2018). Collectively, the decreased dry season water level in the Tien River is likely one of the main causes of the enhanced salinity intrusion.  相似文献   

A new portable in situ flume for measuring critical shear stress on river beds     

Cheng He  James Nodwell Taylor  Quintin Rochfort  David Nguyen 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(2):235-242

A new portable in situ flume(PISF)for measuring critical bed shear stress(CBSS)was developed in this study.The PISF consists of an open bottom sediment erosion chamber and an electrically-driven pump.Unlike most existing in situ flumes with similar designs,the new PISF does not rely on monitoring the flow conditions or particle density in the sediment erosion chamber;instead,it is a pre-calibrated flume.The calibration was performed by first determining CBSS of various selected sediment samples of known particle size and density(using the law of the wall),based on flow velocity-depth profiles measured in a 6 m straight open-channel flume using a Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)system.These same particles of known CBSS were then used in the new in-situ flume under controlled lab conditions to obtain a series of calibration curves of CBSS vs.pump electrical power.A wide variety of particle types and sizes(simulated sediments)were used in this two-step calibration procedure to widen CBSS measurement range and simulate cohesive force effects.The size of the PISF is much smaller and more practical than other similar devices as lamellar flow conditions are not required and it can be applied to a wide range of sediment types including cohesive sediments.  相似文献   

Integrated Geological–Geophysical and Oceanographic Research in the South China Sea: Cruise 88 of the R/V “Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev”     

Shakirov  R. B.  Cuong  Do Huy  Obzhirov  A. I.  Valitov  M. G.  Lee  N. S.  Legkodimov  A. A.  Kalgin  V. Yu.  Yeskova  A. I.  Proshkina  Z. N.  Telegin  Yu. A.  Storozhenko  A. V.  Ivanov  M. V.  Pletnev  S. P.  Sedin  V. T.  Bulanov  A.V.  Shvalov  D. A.  Lipinskaya  N. A.  Bovsun  M. A.  Makseev  D. S.  Thanh  Nguyen Trung  Anh  Le Duc  Luong  Le Duc 《Oceanology》2021,61(1):147-149

Oceanology - Abstract—The paper gives brief results of comprehensive studies in the South China Sea obtained from a joint Russian–Vietnamese expedition in November 2019 (cruise 88 of...  相似文献