Static recovery and recrystallization microstructures in sheared octachloropropane     

J.-H. Ree  Y. Park   《Journal of Structural Geology》1997,19(12)

Octachloropropane (C₃C1₈) was sheared using a press mounted on an optical microscope and then allowed to adjust its microstructure statically, at the deformation temperature. Depending on strain rate and deformation temperature, the post-deformational changes in microstructure are strikingly different. After low temperature-high strain-rate deformation, fast growth of new strain-free grains on the boundaries of deformed grains results in the obliteration of grain-shape foliation and intracrystalline deformation features, and the development of a foam texture. After high temperature—low strain-rate deformation, on the other hand, grain-shape foliation and grains with subgrain boundaries tend to survive the adjustment. Lattice preferred orientation is maintained after the post-deformational adjustment at both deformation conditions and thus remains a good indicator of deformation.  相似文献   

改进的模拟退火－单纯形综合反演方法   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14       下载免费PDF全文

刘鹏程 Hart.  SH 《地球物理学报》1995,38(2):199-205

实际中的大量地球物理反演是一个多参数、非线性优化问题,所采用的目标函数,即度量由参数化的理论模型得出的预测值与观测值的吻合程度,往往具有多个局部极值．针对这类问题,本文综合全局反演方法具有的全域搜索能力强、局部方法收敛速度快和“均匀设计”布点效率高的特点,提出了模拟退火－单纯性综合反演方法,并通过一维声波非线性反演验证了这种综合方法的搜索能力和效率．  相似文献   

城市交通效率的多目标评价方法研究——以北京市城六区为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

季珏  高晓路  刘星辰 《地理科学进展》2016,35(1):118-125

高速城镇化和机动化阶段,面临与日剧增的环境压力,城市交通的多目标发展成为交通可持续发展的关键。在提升居民出行满意度的同时,降低交通碳排放是目前及未来城市交通可持续发展关注的核心目标,是城市交通效率的主要内涵。由此,本文从交通出行便捷与交通碳减排双目标综合评估的角度,提出基于中观尺度的城市交通出行满意度和交通碳排放的定量测算方法;并利用数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)法探讨城市交通综合效率评价方法。对北京市城六区的实证结果显示,在三环以内地区,城市交通综合效率较高,五环以外大部分地区较差。交通综合效率较高的地区集中分布于：①西三环至西四环万寿路街道的公主坟-五棵松地区。②北三环和平里街道安贞桥附近地区。③东北三环的三里屯地区。而综合效率较差的地区大多位于城市外围,例如西北六环周边,西南五环至西南六环部分地区,以及东五环外常营地区等,交通碳排放较高是这些地区交通效率较差的主要原因。此外,交通效率的空间差异与地理空间环境的差异性呈现高度的相关。例如,交通效率较差的地区大多是高档别墅区集聚的地区,以及城市五环周边公共交通不完善的部分居住区。通勤中机动化比例较高和通勤距离较长是碳排放强度较高的主要原因。  相似文献   

新疆乌伦古河地区铀矿化类型及其特征     

衣龙升  李月湘  田建吉  乔宝强  罗富生  韩军  杨向荣  纪文涛  宋庆年  黄铮 《地质论评》2016,62(S1):67-68

新疆东北部乌伦古河地区位于天山-兴蒙造山系东-西准噶尔弧盆系,涵盖准噶尔洋内弧（萨吾尔山-加波萨尔岛弧）、科克森他乌-阿尔曼泰蛇绿岩混杂岩带、塔尔巴哈台-三塘湖复合岛弧带（卡拉麦里-莫钦乌拉岛弧带）等3个Ⅲ级构造单元（潘桂棠等,2009）,属哈萨克斯坦波谢库尔-成吉斯到我国雪米斯坦-沙尔布提Cu-Au-Be-U成矿带（申萍等,2015）的东延,相邻的雪米斯坦山地区已发现有白杨河铍铀矿床等一系列的铀矿床、矿点和矿化点,乌伦古河地区虽未发现成规模的铀矿床和铀矿点,但已发现大量的铀矿化点和异常点,具有较大的铀成矿潜力。根据其铀矿化赋存主岩、矿化特征及控制因素,乌伦古河地区铀矿化类型主要见碳硅泥岩型、伟晶岩型、花岗岩型和表生富集型,其中以碳硅泥岩型铀矿化为主。  相似文献   

南岭地区万洋山岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征及其构造意义     

季文兵  路远发  付建明  程顺波  卢友月 《地质论评》2016,62(5):1329-1343

万洋山岩体位于湘赣两省交界地带,为加里东期多阶段岩浆活动的复式岩体,花岗岩主要岩石类型有黑云母二长花岗岩、黑云母花岗闪长岩和二云母二长花岗岩,以黑云母二长花岗岩分布面积最广。对岩体中黑云母二长花岗岩中的锆石样品进行激光剥蚀—多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)U-Pb定年,锆石的16个测点206Pb/238U的加权平均年龄为(446.0±3.4)Ma(n=16,MSWD=0.15)(95%置信度),反映该岩体形成于晚奥陶世至早志留世。岩石地球化学表明岩体中Si O2的含量为65.91%~73.35%,K2O的平均含量为4.20%,Na2O+K2O为5.90%~7.88%,K2O/Na2O平均值为1.64,Al2O3平均值为13.81%,ASI平均值为1.09%,总体属于高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩。微量元素组成中Ba、K、Sr、P、Ti表现出明显的亏损,Rb、Th、U、Nb、Zr、Hf等则相对富集,稀土元素总量中等(159.71×10-6~262.78×10-6),轻稀土富集LREE/HREE=6.16~10.01,(La/Yb)N=6.37~12.17,具明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.30~0.59)。岩体的[n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)]i值为0.71223~0.72509,εSr(t)值为117.5~299.9Ma,εNd(t)值为-9.39~-7.30,两阶段Nd模式年龄(TDM2)为1.77~1.94 Ga。根据上述岩石地球化学特征表明万洋山岩体为来源于地壳的S型花岗岩,花岗岩氧化物和微量元素构造环境判别图解指示岩体形成于后碰撞构造环境。结合前人对华南加里东期岩体的研究成果,推断华南加里东期花岗岩岩体的具体形成机制为:在全球板块构造的影响,华夏板块与扬子板块拼接后,板块间的强烈挤压应力相对松弛、压力降低的后碰撞构造环境下,因地壳增厚而升温的中上地壳岩石减压熔融并向上侵位。  相似文献   

Future changes in summer precipitation in regional climate simulations over the Korean Peninsula forced by multi-RCP scenarios of HadGEM2-AO     

Dong-Hyun Cha  Dong-Kyou Lee  Chun-Sil Jin  Gayoung Kim  Yonghan Choi  Myoung-Seok Suh  Joong-Bae Ahn  Song-You Hong  Seung-Ki Min  Seong-Chan Park  Hyun-Suk Kang 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2016,52(2):139-149

In this study, the regional climate of the Korean Peninsula (KP) was dynamically downscaled using a high-resolution regional climate model (RCM) forced by multi- representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios of HadGEM2-AO, and changes in summer precipitation were investigated. Through the evaluation of the present climate, the RCM reasonably reproduced long-term climatology of summer precipitation over the KP, and captured the sub-seasonal evolution of Changma rain-band. In future projections, all RCP experiments using different RCP radiative forcings (i.e., RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5 runs) simulated an increased summer precipitation over the KP. However, there were some differences in changing rates of summer precipitation among the RCP experiments. Future increases in summer precipitation were affected by future changes in moisture convergence and surface evaporation. Changing ranges in moisture convergences among RCP experiments were significantly larger than those in surface evaporation. This indicates that the uncertainty of changes in summer precipitation is related to the projection of the monsoon circulation, which determines the moisture convergence field through horizontal advection. Changes in the sub-seasonal evolution of Changma rain-band were inconsistent among RCP experiments. However, all experiments showed that Changma rain-band was enhanced during late June to early July, but it was weakened after mid-July due to the expansion of the western North Pacific subtropical high. These results indicate that precipitation intensity related to Changma rain-band will be increased, but its duration will be reduced in the future.  相似文献   

Time of emergence of anthropogenic warming signals in the Northeast Asia assessed from multi-regional climate models     

Donghyun Lee  Seung-Ki Min  Changyong Park  Myoung-Seok Suh  Joong-Bae Ahn  Dong-Hyun Cha  Dong-Kyou Lee  Song-You Hong  Seong-Chan Park  Hyun-Suk Kang 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2016,52(2):129-137

Time of Emergence (ToE) is the time at which the signal of climate change emerges from the background noise of natural climate variability, and can provide useful information for climate change impacts and adaptations. This study examines future ToEs for daily maximum and minimum temperatures over the Northeast Asia using five Regional Climate Models (RCMs) simulations driven by single Global Climate Model (GCM) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) emission scenarios. Noise is defined based on the interannual variability during the present-day period (1981-2010) and warming signals in the future years (2021-2100) are compared against the noise in order to identify ToEs. Results show that ToEs of annual mean temperatures occur between 2030s and 2040s in RCMs, which essentially follow those of the driving GCM. This represents the dominant influence of GCM boundary forcing on RCM results in this region. ToEs of seasonal temperatures exhibit larger ranges from 2030s to 2090s. The seasonality of ToE is found to be determined majorly by noise amplitudes. The earliest ToE appears in autumn when the noise is smallest while the latest ToE occurs in winter when the noise is largest. The RCP4.5 scenario exhibits later emergence years than the RCP8.5 scenario by 5-35 years. The significant delay in ToEs by taking the lower emission scenario provides an important implication for climate change mitigation. Daily minimum temperatures tend to have earlier emergence than daily maximum temperature but with low confidence. It is also found that noise thresholds can strongly affect ToE years, i.e. larger noise threshold induces later emergence, indicating the importance of noise estimation in the ToE assessment.  相似文献   

酸性含Fe3+溶液作用下铀的溶解迁移特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周义朋  吉宏斌  孙占学  刘亚洁  徐玲玲  史维浚  刘金辉 《地质学报》2016,90(12):3554-3562

采用不同Fe~(3+)浓度的酸性溶液,对取自新疆伊犁盆地的砂岩铀矿石进行了溶浸对比试验,探讨了铀在酸性含Fe~(3+)溶液作用下的溶解迁移动力学特征及其与Fe~(3+)的关系。结果表明,在Fe~(3+)的氧化作用下,铀从矿石向溶液的迁移于10小时内快速达到平衡,溶解速度衰减迅速;铀的溶解速度与Fe~(3+)向Fe~(2+)转化速度呈正相关的指数函数关系,当Fe~(3+)向Fe~(2+)转化速度趋近零时,铀的氧化溶解基本停止,溶液中的铀达到平衡浓度;Fe~(3+)向Fe~(2+)浓度达到2g/L可使铀强烈溶解迁移,而溶液酸度增高会弱化铀溶解速度与Fe~(3+)转换速度的关系,但酸度在2g/L~4g/L(对应pH值1.65~1.33)之间变化不会对铀的浸出产生显著影响;保持Fe~(3+)浓度为2g/L、酸度为2g/L(pH值1.65)的水化学条件对铀的溶浸是经济且足够有效的。  相似文献   

澜沧江构造带中南段小定西组火山岩形成时代的厘定及其构造意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韦诚  戚学祥  常裕林  吉风宝  张诗启 《地质学报》2016,90(11):3192-3214

三叠纪忙怀组、小定西组火山岩是澜沧江构造带中南段火山岩带的重要组成部分,是澜沧江古特提斯缝合带构造演化的产物。本文报道了小定西组巨厚玄武岩中安山岩和流纹岩夹层的岩石学、地球化学及锆石LA-ICP-MS年代学及Lu-Hf同位素特征。流纹岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示小定西组火山岩形成于230Ma。安山岩为高Al2O3的高钾钙碱性岩类,其较强的Nb、Sr和Ti负异常、较弱的Eu负异常、较低的Mg#、(La/Yb)N比值和Cr、Ni含量等特征与小定西组高铝玄武岩极为相似,说明安山岩岩浆与玄武岩岩浆来源相同或相似,是交代地幔物质部分熔融形成的玄武岩浆熔离分异的产物。流纹岩的过铝质特征,强烈Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Eu和Ti的负异常,与芒怀组流纹岩和临沧花岗岩极为相似,Nb/Ta、Th/Ce和Th/U比值与大陆地壳一致,以及εHf(t)值为-11.6~+9.6,峰值分布于-6.0~+2.0之间,对应的地壳模式年龄(tDM2)为658~1990Ma,大部分集中在1100~1600Ma范围内,反映其岩浆来源于中上地壳物质部分熔融的产物,并加入少量幔源组分的混合岩浆。小定西组玄武岩夹层中的安山岩和流纹岩都具有Rb、Ba、Th、U富集和Nb、Ta和Ti亏损,在微量元素构造环境判别图解上分布于陆缘弧或同碰撞岩浆岩区的特征。结合该区早三叠世地层缺失、晚三叠世磨拉石建造不整合覆盖在下伏地层之上,以及高压变质带的存在等分析认为澜沧江构造带中南段火山岩带中生代火山岩形成于同碰撞环境。在保山地块与印支地块碰撞过程中,交代地幔楔物质部分熔融形成的基性岩浆在上升过程中诱发地壳物质部分熔融形成酸性岩浆,下部基性和上部酸性两个岩浆房的岩浆间歇式喷发,形成下部以酸性火山岩为主(芒怀组),上部以基性火山岩为主(小定西组)的"双峰式"中三叠世火山岩带。  相似文献   

青海南祁连巴龙贡噶尔组变火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

牛广智  黄岗  邓昌生  徐岩  陈涛  季春  李文军 《地质通报》2016,35(9):1441-1447

广泛分布于南祁连的巴龙贡噶尔组一直缺少精确的化石和同位素测年依据,其地质时代备受关注。1∶5万区域地质调查在青海省天峻县织合玛乡南部的该套地层中新发现了英安质火山熔岩。采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,获得1件英安岩样品的锆石U-Pb年龄为457.6±2.4Ma,表明该套火山岩形成于晚奥陶世。这是首次获得的有关巴龙贡噶尔组的高精度测年数据,为该组的解体及其时代归属提供了可靠的同位素年代学依据。这一新发现和成果对于研究南祁连的早古生代地层层序及构造演化具有重要意义。  相似文献