中国东北地区夏季旱涝的大气环流异常特征   总被引：27，自引：1，他引：26  

孙力  安刚  廉毅  高枞亭  唐晓玲  沈柏竹  丁立 《气候与环境研究》2002,7(1):102-113

利用东北地区均匀分布的69个测站35年(1961～1995年)夏季月平均降水资料和NCEP/NCAR 1958～1997年月平均再分析资料,对我国东北地区夏季旱涝发生的大气环流异常特征及其差异进行了诊断分析研究.结果表明,东北地区旱涝年夏季,高纬和极区大气环流特征、东北亚异常长波槽脊的分布和活跃程度、东亚大槽和西太平洋副热带高压的位置和强度等均有十分明显的差别.不仅如此,该区域夏季降水异常还显著地受到亚洲季风诸系统的影响,包括南亚季风,也包括南海季风和副热带季风,并且高空西风急流的位置和强度也有明显变化.涡度、散度、垂直速度和水汽含量等物理量特征在旱涝年不仅有截然相反的分布,而且还表现出与低纬地区存在着不同的联系方式.位于菲律宾以东洋面上行星尺度的高层辐散和低层辐合也有一定不同,并且受热带地区大气加热强度变化的影响,东北地区所在经度上的经圈环流在旱涝年也发生了明显变化,从而对该区域降水异常产生影响.  相似文献   

海洋油气田工程设施可视化查询系统     

周玉斌  刘海行  潘怡  李妍  李安虎 《海岸工程》2004,23(3):12-17

随着信息技术的发展,对基于数据库式的信息系统提出了更高的要求,如互联网图形用户界面、电子海图、数据可视化等更具交互性的操作方式。针对这种需求提出了一种新的解决方案：以ION为基础结合ASP技术,采用目前流行的三层Browser／Server体系结构。其中,ION可实现电子海图的可视化,而ASP可实现动态查询功能．  相似文献   

CFG桩在高速公路建设工程中的应用     

张京亮  郝玉明  孟义强 《海岸工程》2004,23(2):58-62

对CFG桩的工作机理、主要优点及应用范围进行探讨,并通过其在工程实践中的应用,提出了施工中应该注意的事项。  相似文献   

Estimate of contribution of near-inertial waves to the velocity shear in the Bay of Bengal based on mooring observations from 2013 to 2014     

Shanwu Zhang  Yun Qiu  Hangyu Chen  Junqiang Shen  Junpeng Zhang  Jing Cha  Fuwen Qiu  Chunsheng Jing 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(11):1-10

Near-inertial motions contribute most of the velocity shear in the upper ocean. In the Bay of Bengal (BoB), the annual-mean energy flux from the wind to near-inertial motions in the mixed layer in 2013 is dominated by tropical cyclone (TC) processes. However, due to the lack of long-term observations of velocity profiles, our knowledge about interior near-inertial waves (NIWs) as well as their shear features is limited. In this study, we quantified the contribution of NIWs to shear by integrating the wavenumber-frequency spectra estimated from velocity profiles in the upper layers (40?440 m) of the southern BoB from April 2013 to May 2014. It is shown that the annual-mean proportion of near-inertial shear out of the total is approximately 50%, and the high contribution is mainly due to the enhancement of the TC processes during which the near-inertial shear accounts for nearly 80% of the total. In the steady monsoon seasons, the near-inertial shear is dominant to or at least comparable with the subinertial shear. The contribution of NIWs to the total shear is lower during the summer monsoon than during the winter monsoon owing to more active mesoscale eddies and higher subinertial shear during the summer monsoon. The Doppler shifting of the M₂ internal tide has little effect on the main results since the proportion of shear from the tidal motions is much lower than that from the near-inertial and subinertial motions.  相似文献   

Fluid—Structure Interaction of Two-Phase Flow Passing Through 90° Pipe Bend Under Slug Pattern Conditions     

Wang  Zhi-wei  He  Yan-ping  Li  Ming-zhi  Qiu  Ming  Huang  Chao  Liu  Ya-dong  Wang  Zi 《中国海洋工程》2021,35(6):914-923

China Ocean Engineering - Numerical simulations of evolution characteristics of slug flow across a 90° pipe bend have been carried out to study the fluid—structure interaction response...  相似文献   

How soil texture,channel shape and cross-sectional area affect moisture dynamics and water loss in irrigation channels     

Zhifan Mu  Tianxiao Li  Dong Liu  Qiang Fu  Renjie Hou  Qinglin Li  Yi Ji  Song Cui  Mo Li 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14155

To enhance the utilization efficiency of farmland irrigation water and reduce the leakage of water conveyance channels, the leakage process of channels was simulated dynamically. The simulated results were compared with data measured in laboratory experiments, and the performance of the model was evaluated. The results indicated that the simulated values of the model were consistent with the observation values, and the R² values varied between 0.91 and 0.99. In addition, based on the laboratory experiments, a water supply system (Mariotte bottles) and soil box were built using plexiglass. Three influencing factors, namely, the channel form, soil texture and channel cross-sectional area, were varied to observe and calculate the resulting cumulative infiltration amount, infiltration rate and wetting front migration distance. HYDRUS-3D software was used to solve the three-dimensional soil water movement equation under different initial conditions. The results demonstrated that the U-shaped channel was more effective than the trapezoidal channel in increasing the utilization efficiency of the water resources. A U-shaped channel with a small channel cross-sectional area should be adopted and the soil particle size should be prioritized in the construction of water conveyance channels for farmlands. The simulation results were in agreement with the observed results, which indicates that HYDRUS-3D is a reliable tool that can accurately simulate the soil moisture movement in water conveyance channels. The research results can provide a reference for the design and operation of farmland irrigation systems.  相似文献   

太行山东麓汤西断裂南段活动特征分析     

戴骜鹏  刘明军  贺为民  孙译 《大地测量与地球动力学》2020,40(6):571-576

采用槽探、年代样品测试、阶地调查和形变测量监测等方法，对太行山东麓汤西断裂南段进行研究，分析其活动特征。结果表明，汤西断裂发育于中更新世，历经多次活动，断裂并未上延到上更新统地层中，其南段的活动强度较高，最新活动年代为中更新世；汤西断裂西代村场地的垂直形变监测（1999~2014年）结果存在异常，综合监测点数据和区域新构造特征分析发现，该异常可能是研究区区域形变场的反映，并非由汤西断裂活动引起。  相似文献   

Stormflow threshold behaviour in a subtropical mountainous headwater catchment during forest recovery period     

Lezhang Wei  Zhijun Qiu  Guangyi Zhou  Tsuyoshi Kinouchi  Yu Liu 《水文研究》2020,34(8):1728-1740

Forest ecohydrological feedbacks complicate the threshold behaviour of stormflow response to precipitation or wetting conditions on a long-term scale (e.g. several years). In this study, the threshold behaviours in an evergreen-deciduous mixed forested headwater catchment in southern China were examined during 2009–2015, when damaged vegetation was recovering after the great 2008 Chinese ice and snowstorm. The non-uniqueness of the thresholds and the slow and rapid responses of stormflow at the outlet of the catchment in different hydro-climate datasets with different maximum values of gross precipitation (P) and sums of precipitation and antecedent soil moisture index (P + ASI) were assessed. The thresholds of P and P + ASI required to trigger stormflows (i.e. ‘generation thresholds’) and the transition from slow to rapid responses of stormflow (i.e. ‘rise thresholds’) were compared both seasonally and annually. The results indicated significant differences in the analysed datasets, highlighting the need to compare thresholds with care to avoid misinterpretation. Seasonal variations in threshold behaviours in the catchment suggested that vegetation canopy interception contributed to higher rise thresholds, and wetter conditions resulted in higher runoff sensitivity to precipitation during the growing and rainy seasons. Furthermore, the generation thresholds were higher in the dormant season, possibly due to drier soil moisture conditions in the near-channel areas. During the vegetation recovery period, the annual generation thresholds increased, however the rise thresholds did not exhibit a similar trend. The rapid stormflow response above the threshold decreased, possibly due to transpiration and interception of the recovered vegetation. However, the slow stormflow response to small rainfall events below the thresholds was higher in wetter years but lower in drier years, suggesting that the total water input dominated the stormflow response during small rainfall events. In conclusion, the seasonal and annual variations in threshold behaviours highlight that vegetation recovery and hydro-climatic conditions had a notable impact on the stormflow response.  相似文献   

River discharge,land use change,and surface water quality in the Xiangjiang River,China          下载免费PDF全文

Zhao Zhang  Yi Chen  Pin Wang  Jiabing Shuai  Fulu Tao  Peijun Shi 《水文研究》2014,28(13):4130-4140

To compare the impacts of river discharge on the surface water quality of the Xiangjiang River in China, 12 surface water quality parameters recorded at 31 sampling sites from January 1998 to December 2008 along the river and its main tributaries were analyzed. Significantly higher concentrations of total nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, and total phosphorus, and biochemical oxygen demand were observed during low‐flow periods than during high‐flow periods, implying a higher risk to local residents drinking untreated water during low‐flow periods. Pollution indexes, including the inorganic pollution index and integrated pollution index (IPI), were negatively related to impervious surface area (ISA) and cropland area (CLA) when ISA (CLA) was less than 160 (3000) km². However, the relationship was positive when ISA (CLA) was larger than 160 (3000) km², which provided a reasonable explanation for the observed spatial patterns of water quality. Distinct increasing temporal trends for two kinds of pollution indexes were also found. The annual ISA was significantly related to the rapid degradation of water quality from 1998 to 2008, with correlation coefficient (r) values of 0.816 (p = 0.002) and 0.711 (p = 0.014) for the organic pollution index (OPI) and IPI, respectively. However, annual rainfall was negatively correlated with the two indexes with r values of 0.785 (p = 0.002) and 0.448 (p = 0.093) for OPI and IPI, respectively. Our study highlights that decision makers should be more aware of recent increases in the pollution of the Xiangjiang River, especially at downriver sites and during low‐flow periods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

奔向全球的经济地理:战略耦合与全球生产网络研究——"全球生产网络与中国战略耦合"专辑序言     

楊偉聰  刘逸 《地理研究》2021,40(12):3253-3258

进入21世纪以来,全球生产网络(Global Production Net-work,GPN)研究非常深刻地展现了 Peter Dicken所描绘的"全球-地方矛盾".这个概念由Dicken在1994年发表于《Economic Geography》上的Roepke Lecture特邀文章中首次提出[1].作为过去20多年经济地理学的一个主要学术支柱,GPN研究经历了两个重要的理论发展阶段,即从早期的广泛而一般的GPN框架2-4]过渡到更加具备解释性的GPN 2.0理论[5-7].在GPN研究理论快速发展的这个时期里,Coe等首先提出了"战略耦合"这一关键而新颖的概念[4],并由Yeung对其进行了完善[8-10].  相似文献