Measurement of air temperature in the presence of a large radiant flux: an assessment of passively ventilated thermometer screens   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Evyatar?ErellEmail author  Vítor?Leal  Eduardo?Maldonado 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2005,114(1):205-231

The energy balance of small temperature sensors was modelled to illustrate the effects of sensor characteristics, particularly size, on the accuracy of readings in the presence of strong shortwave or longwave radiant loads. For all but extremely small sensors, radiant exchange may lead to unacceptable errors. The common practice of using passively ventilated instrument screens was evaluated in a series of comparative measurements. The differences resulting from the use of different models of shields may be an order of magnitude greater than the error resulting from sensor calibration. In the absence of technological innovation capable of reducing the error due to radiant exchange to negligible proportions, it is suggested that a standard methodology for calibrating and labelling the error resulting from the characteristics of the screens be adopted, to allow comparison of new data with long-established records.  相似文献   

Climate change perception in Romania     

Cheval  Sorin  Bulai  Ana  Croitoru  Adina-Eliza  Dorondel  Ștefan  Micu  Dana  Mihăilă  Dumitru  Sfîcă  Lucian  Tișcovschi  Adrian 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,149(1-2):253-272

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - In the last decades, anthropogenic drivers have significantly influenced the natural climate variability of Earth’s atmosphere. Climate change has become...  相似文献   

The determination of relative plumb-line deflections and of the course of equipotential surfaces in high mountains developed from astro-geodetic data     

Josei Karbláĉ 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1965,9(2):208-209

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The neighborhood council: Where ‘top-down’ engages with ‘bottom-up’     

Einat?Yinon-Amoyal  Rachel?KallusEmail author 《GeoJournal》2005,64(2):91-104

The paper examines the neighborhood council from the perspective of its contribution to town planning. Within the context of planning in Israel, two distinct models of neighborhood council and their relationship to the municipal planning administration in two different towns are considered. Their potential as a new arena of planning at the neighborhood level is evaluated, including the ability to mediate between ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’ planning processes, and to offer a planning framework that combines local with professional knowledge.  相似文献   

International Centre on Recent Crustal Movements     

P. Vyskočil 《Journal of Geodesy》1979,53(1):I-II

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Similarities of and differences between three mountain belts at the border of the pannonian basin due to the behaviour of the mohorovičić discontinuity     

Krešimir Čolić  Svetozar Petrović  Hans Sünkel  Miloslav Burda  Miroslav Bielik  Vincenc Vyskočil 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1994,38(2):131-139

Summary The Dinarides, the Eastern Alps and the Western Carpathians being situated at the borders of the Pannonian basin, are of very similar origin. Therefore, the results obtained in the investigation of correlations between Earth gravity field parameters (absolute geoid undulations, gravity anomalies), the surface topography and the shape of the Mohorovičić discontinuity, were compared. It was found that these three regions have the same basic characteristics, but also their own specific features. While the similarities follow clearly from these investigations, the found differences might partly be a consequence of non-uniformity and unmatched quality of data sets used for the three regions. A short version of this paper, entitled "Kindredness of three mountain belts at the border of the Pannonian basin — deduced from the behavior of the Mohorovičić discontinuity" was presented at the 7th International Symposium "Geodesy and Physics of the Earth", Potsdam, October 5–10, 1992 and published in the Proceedings. Presently a visiting professor at the Graz University of Technology, Institute for Theoretical Geodesy, Department for Physical Geodesy, Austria. Presently at the Berlin University of Technology, Germany, as an Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Research Fellow.  相似文献   

Temporal changes of warm-season pan evaporation in a semi-arid basin in Western Turkey   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Ercan Yeşilırmak 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2013,27(2):311-321

Warm-season (from May to September) pan evaporation series recorded at nine sites in semi-arid Büyük Menderes Basin in Western Turkey were analyzed for evidence of long-term changes using non-parametric Mann–Kendall test. Only two sites showed significant linear trends, one in decreasing direction and the other in increasing direction. Area-averaged normalized anomalies of pan evaporation stayed unchanged over the period 1975–2006. Based on correlation and multiple regression analysis with visual inspection of the time series plots, sunshine duration which is used as a proxy for global radiation was found to be the major factor explaining the change and variability of pan evaporation in warm-season in semi-arid Büyük Menderes Basin. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed no significant effect of rainfall on pan evaporation, which means that the effect of complementary relationship is rather weak and even non-existent.  相似文献   

Comparative Study of MHD Modeling of the Background Solar Wind   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C. Gressl  A. M. Veronig  M. Temmer  D. Odstrčil  J. A. Linker  Z. Mikić  P. Riley 《Solar physics》2014,289(5):1783-1801

Knowledge about the background solar wind plays a crucial role in the framework of space-weather forecasting. In-situ measurements of the background solar wind are only available for a few points in the heliosphere where spacecraft are located, therefore we have to rely on heliospheric models to derive the distribution of solar-wind parameters in interplanetary space. We test the performance of different solar-wind models, namely Magnetohydrodynamic Algorithm outside a Sphere/ENLIL (MAS/ENLIL), Wang–Sheeley–Arge/ENLIL (WSA/ENLIL), and MAS/MAS, by comparing model results with in-situ measurements from spacecraft located at 1 AU distance to the Sun (ACE, Wind). To exclude the influence of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), we chose the year 2007 as a time period with low solar activity for our comparison. We found that the general structure of the background solar wind is well reproduced by all models. The best model results were obtained for the parameter solar-wind speed. However, the predicted arrival times of high-speed solar-wind streams have typical uncertainties of the order of about one day. Comparison of model runs with synoptic magnetic maps from different observatories revealed that the choice of the synoptic map significantly affects the model performance.  相似文献   

Ensemble Modeling of CME Propagation     

C. O. Lee  C. N. Arge  D. Odstrčil  G. Millward  V. Pizzo  J. M. Quinn  C. J. Henney 《Solar physics》2013,285(1-2):349-368

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Collapse period of degrading SDOF systems     

Borekci M  Kir?il MS  Ekiz I 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)

Seismic demand estimation for a structure is a critical issue for seismic performance assessment so that the potential damage can be estimated realistically. Many researchers proposed simplified methods to estimate the demand of a structure under strong ground motions. However, most of them did not consider degradation and collapse potential of the structures. Even some of theme considered the degradation effect, stiffness and strength degradation effects were considered separately without collapse potential caused by dynamic instability. In this study, collapse potential of SDOF systems caused by dynamic instability with stiffness and strength degradation has been investigated. Nonlinear time history analyses were performed, using an energy-based, strength and stiffness degraded hysteretic model that considers the collapse potential, with 160 earthquake acceleration time histories. An equation was proposed for the estimation of collapse period of SDOF systems as a function of certain strength reduction factor, ductility level and post-capping stiffness ratio. Finally, effects of parameters of the considered hysteretic model and local site conditions on the collapse period were investigated.  相似文献