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Cheval Sorin Bulai Ana Croitoru Adina-Eliza Dorondel Ștefan Micu Dana Mihăilă Dumitru Sfîcă Lucian Tișcovschi Adrian 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,149(1-2):253-272
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - In the last decades, anthropogenic drivers have significantly influenced the natural climate variability of Earth’s atmosphere. Climate change has become... 相似文献
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Lucian Drǎguţ Dirk Tiede Shaun R. Levick 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):859-871
The spatial resolution of imaging sensors has increased dramatically in recent years, and so too have the challenges associated with extracting meaningful information from their data products. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) is gaining rapid popularity in remote sensing science as a means of bridging very high spatial resolution (VHSR) imagery and GIS. Multiscalar image segmentation is a fundamental step in OBIA, yet there is currently no tool available to objectively guide the selection of appropriate scales for segmentation. We present a technique for estimating the scale parameter in image segmentation of remotely sensed data with Definiens Developer®. The degree of heterogeneity within an image-object is controlled by a subjective measure called the ‘scale parameter’, as implemented in the mentioned software. We propose a tool, called estimation of scale parameter (ESP), that builds on the idea of local variance (LV) of object heterogeneity within a scene. The ESP tool iteratively generates image-objects at multiple scale levels in a bottom-up approach and calculates the LV for each scale. Variation in heterogeneity is explored by evaluating LV plotted against the corresponding scale. The thresholds in rates of change of LV (ROC-LV) indicate the scale levels at which the image can be segmented in the most appropriate manner, relative to the data properties at the scene level. Our tests on different types of imagery indicated fast processing times and accurate results. The simple yet robust ESP tool enables fast and objective parametrization when performing image segmentation and holds great potential for OBIA applications. 相似文献
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Liviu?Mihai?Irimia Cristian?Valeriu?PatricheEmail author Hervé?Quenol Lucian?Sf?c? Chris?Foss 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,131(3-4):1069-1081
Climate change is causing important shifts in the suitability of regions for wine production. Fine scale mapping of these shifts helps us to understand the evolution of vineyard climates, and to find solutions through viticultural adaptation. The aim of this study is to identify and map the structural and spatial shifts that occurred in the climatic suitability for wine production of the Cotnari wine growing region (Romania) between 1961 and 2013. Discontinuities in trends of temperature were identified, and the averages and trends of 13 climatic parameters for the 1961 to 1980 and 1981 to 2013 time periods were analysed. Using the averages of these climatic parameters, climate suitability for wine production was calculated at a resolution of 30 m and mapped for each time period, and the changes analysed. The results indicate shifts in the area’s historic climatic profile, due to an increase of heliothermal resources and precipitation constancy. The area’s climate suitability for wine production was modified by the loss of climate suitability for white table wines, sparkling wines and wine for distillates; shifts in suitability to higher altitudes by about 67 m, and a 48.6% decrease in the area suitable for quality white wines; and the occurrence of suitable climates for red wines at lower altitudes. The study showed that climate suitability for wine production has a multi-level spatial structure, with classes requiring a cooler climate being located at a higher altitude than those requiring a warmer climate. Climate change has therefore resulted in the shift of climate suitability classes for wine production to higher altitudes. 相似文献
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The promise of the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) System was evaluated for use as
a long-term, in-field monitor to detect cumulative changes in belowground carbon resulting from the leakage of CO2 stored in deep geological reservoirs. This system underwent tests at a facility constructed specifically for testing, under
controlled conditions, various detection systems for monitoring near-surface transport and accumulations of CO2 fluxes emanating from a shallow buried, slotted horizontal well. The INS System was assessed by comparing the results from
placing it above the horizontal well at a spot with a known high CO2 leak identified and quantified the previous years, with those obtained from background readings adjacent to the well. At
two different “Hot Spots”, a suppression of about 14% in 2008 and about 7% in 2009 in carbon content above the well in comparison
to the background signal was observed. An overview of these results is presented. 相似文献
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Christian J. Sanders Joseph M. Smoak A. Sathy Naidu Denise R. Araripe Lucian M. Sanders Sambasiva R. Patchineelam 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(6):1291-1301
The stability of a mangrove ecosystem in Cananeia, Brazil, is assessed based on investigations of the site-specific temporal
rise in relative sea level during the past 50 years, 100-year sediment accumulation rates (SAR) and sources of organic matter
(OM). Addressing this, three sediment cores were collected in a transect, intertidal mud flat, mangrove margin and well into
the forest. The net SAR, as estimated by the age–depth relationships of 210Pb and 137Cs, is between 2.5 and 3.9 mm year−1. These rates are comparable to the estimates based on the Pb and Zn contaminant markers corresponding to mining initiation
in the region in 1918. Further, the SARs are lower than the rate of regional relative sea level rise (4 mm year−1) as indicated by the past 50-year tide gauge record, but the rate is higher than the eustatic sea level rise (1.7 ± 0.3 mm year−1). The stratigraphies of TOC/TN, δ13C(OC), OP and δ15N indicate site-specific mangal vegetal litter, which is the predominant source of OM at all core sites, during the past century
and reflects a stable mangal system over that time span. 相似文献
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This paper presents an automated classification system of landform elements based on object-oriented image analysis. First, several data layers are produced from Digital Terrain Models (DTM): elevation, profile curvature, plan curvature and slope gradient. Second, relatively homogenous objects are delineated at several levels through image segmentation. These object primatives are classified as landform elements using a relative classification model, built both on the surface shape and on the altitudinal position of objects. So far, slope aspect was not used in classification. The classification has nine classes: peaks and toe slopes (defined by the altitudinal position or the degree of dominance), steep slopes and flat/gentle slopes (defined by slope gradients), shoulders and negative contacts (defined by profile curvatures), head slopes, side slopes and nose slopes (defined by plan curvatures). Classes are defined using flexible fuzzy membership functions. Results are visually analyzed by draping them over DTMs. Specific fuzzy classification options were used to obtain an assessment of output accuracy. Two implementations of the methodology are compared using (1) Romanian datasets and (2) Berchtesgaden National Park, Germany. The methodology has proven to be reproducible; readily adaptable for diverse landscapes and datasets; and useful in respect to providing additional information for geomorphological and landscape studies. A major advantage of this new methodology is its transferability, given that it uses only relative values and relative positions to neighboring objects. The methodology introduced in this paper can be used for almost any application where relationships between topographic features and other components of landscapes are to be assessed. 相似文献
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Horia Mitrofan Constantin Marin Dorel Zugr&#x;vescu Alin Tudorache Lucian Beu?iu Mihaela Radu 《地学学报》2008,20(2):87-94
The Na, K, Mg and Ca contents of certain deep‐origin groundwater discharges have been used by Giggenbach (1988) to define a series of ‘geoindicators’, which may provide hints on the up‐flow depth of origin, on the duration of the fluid ascent to the ground surface and on the associated CO2 flux. On occurrence of a Mw = 6.0 Vrancea earthquake, significant fluctuations of Giggenbach’s geoindicators have been recorded in a saline spring, some 50 km away from the epicentre. A pre‐seismic overall anomaly was monitored for 1 year and a half, the sharpest variations occurring about 3 months before the earthquake. Processes controlling the geoindicator fluctuations assumedly took place at 7–8 km depth, while the earthquake hypocenter depth was about 100 km. This could be an evidence for a mechanical coupling still existing between the seismogenic body in the lithosphere and the overlying crust. 相似文献
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Lucian?Sf?c?Email authorView author&#;s OrcID profile Pavel?Ichim Liviu?Apostol Adrian?Ursu 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,134(3-4):777-791
The study underlines the characteristics of the urban heat island of Ia?i (Ia?i’s UHI) on the basis of 3 years of air temperature measurements obtained by fixed-point observations. We focus on the identification of UHI development and intensity as it is expressed by the temperature differences between the city centre and the rural surroundings. Annual, seasonal and daily characteristics of Ia?i’s UHI are investigated at the level of the classical weather observation. In brief, an intensity of 0.8 °C of UHI and a spatial extension which corresponds to the densely built area of the city were delineated. The Ia?i UHI is stronger during summer calm nights—when the inner city is warmer with 2.5–3 °C than the surroundings—and is weaker during windy spring days. The specific features of Ia?i’s UHI bear a profound connection to the specificity of the urban structure, the high atmospheric stability in the region and the local topography. Also, the effects of Ia?i’s UHI upon some environmental aspects are presented as study cases. For instance, under the direct influence of UHI, we have observed that in the city centre, the apricot tree blossoms earlier (with up to 4 days) and the depth of the snow cover is significantly lower (with up to 10 cm for a rural snow depth of 30 cm) than in the surrounding areas. 相似文献
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