青藏高原未来30～50年A1B情景下气候变化预估   总被引：21，自引：4，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

刘晓东  程志刚  张冉 《高原气象》2009,28(3):475-484

基于政府间气候变化委员会第四次评估报告(IPCC-AR4)所采用的20个气候模式在未来大气温室气体中等排放情景(A1B)下模拟结果的集合平均以及一个全球气候模式模拟输出驱动下的动力降尺度(downscaling)分析结果,对青藏高原地区未来30～50年的气候变化趋势进行了预估研究.结果表明,从2030-2049年相对于1980-1999年气候平均值的变化来看,青藏高原大部分地区年平均地面气温的升温幅度在1.4～2.2℃之间,高海拔地区的增温一般更为显著,西藏西部的冬季增暖将达到2.4℃以上.降水量的变化相对较小,青藏高原大部分地区和全年多数季节降水可能增加,但未来30～50年青藏高原地区降水率增量通常不超过5%.考虑到未来大气温室气体排放程度、多模式集合预估以及区域尺度气候模拟等多方面均可能存在不确定性,这里给出的青藏高原未来气候变化预估结果应适时检验和修正.  相似文献   

多源遥感数据在西准噶尔哈拉阿拉特山地区1:5万地质填图中的对比研究     

程三友  王曦  李永军  王冉 《地质力学学报》2022,28(1):143-154

以ETM、SPOT5和Quickbird为主要信息源,在哈拉阿拉特山地区开展1:5万区域地质填图,对该地区的地层单元、中—小规模地质体(如岩脉、小岩体和火山口)和地质构造特征进行了详细地遥感解译分析,并开展了大量的遥感野外地质调查验证.结果表明,采用彩色空间HSV变换融合法将SPOT5高精度遥感图像数据与ETM图像数据...  相似文献   

原子荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中的镉     

付冉冉  刘水清  荣德福  康继韬 《岩矿测试》2009,28(6):595-597

样品经盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸混合酸溶解,用原子荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中的镉。实验确定了最佳酸度、增感剂镍量、抗坏血酸量和硫脲量,并确定了仪器测定最佳条件,对干扰元素的允许量进行了研究。方法检出限为0.20μg/L,精密度为4.5%,线性范围为0~160μg/L,加标回收率为95.9%~103.7%。方法可应用于铁矿石的快速检测。  相似文献   

开挖过程及围护结构对地铁车站抗震性能的影响          下载免费PDF全文

张然  张鸿儒 《地震工程学报》2021,43(1):177-186

为了研究开挖工序以及围护结构作为永久结构在明挖车站的抗震设计校核中的作用,基于以灌注桩作为支挡结构的郑州市某明挖结构地铁站,采用Plaxis2D建立二层单柱双跨矩形框架式有限元模型,采取硬化土本构,建立考虑分步开挖、和不考虑开挖的模型,进行有无围护墙及不同墙厚抗震验算。研究结果表明:侧墙作为主要抗侧力构件,在地震荷载作用下,不考虑开挖时结构上部弯矩设计值偏小31%,侧墙和底板的设计偏于保守,弯矩偏大87%和64%。在顶中底板和下部侧墙的计算偏差呈现出随深度增加的变化趋势,如不考虑开挖的下部侧墙剪力计算偏差由36%增加至122%。而连续墙的刚度的折减对结构内力造成的影响在5%以下。因此在该种软土地层的抗震设计中需要考虑开挖以及设计年限内的地连墙对结构弯矩设计的影响,重点对剪力墙底部、以及中柱的顶部和底部进行内力校核。  相似文献   

浅钻技术在宁夏青铜峡地区地质填图中的应用研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冉灵杰  何远信  宋殿兰 《地质与勘探》2019,55(1):187-193

通过在宁夏青铜峡地区的浅层取样钻探填图示范,介绍了浅层取样钻探设备和多种工艺方法在该地区的应用情况,总结了钻探填图遇到的问题并提出了解决方案。结合三维地质调查对钻探技术的具体要求,通过示范推广轻便浅层取样钻机具与工艺方法,使浅钻技术在浅覆盖区地质填图领域中得到应用。本文研究了适合该地区地质填图的钻探技术方法组合及钻探设备和取样器具。浅钻作为地质填图的一种技术方法可以有效地揭露覆盖层,获取基岩,提高了地质填图效率和精度,解决了制约覆盖区地质填图的技术难点,为浅覆盖区的地质填图工作提供可靠的钻探技术服务支撑。  相似文献   

冈底斯中段卡热辉长岩锆石U- Pb年代学、地球化学及构造意义     

徐向珍  熊发挥  杨经绥  巴登珠  张然  段建兵  赵娇 《地质学报》2019,93(10):2542-2555

以冈底斯中段曲水县西南方向卡热乡一带出露的辉长岩为研究对象,进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb测年以及全岩地球化学的系统测定,据此讨论岩石的成因及其构造意义。该辉长岩主要由单斜辉石和斜长石组成,辉长岩具有低硅、贫碱、富铝,中等富集轻稀土,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素的地球化学特征,与岛弧和大陆边缘地区产出的高铝玄武岩化学组成十分相似,表明辉长岩原生岩浆为被俯冲改造的岩石圈幔源岩浆,在演化过程中受到了上地壳物质的混染。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为49.01±0.51Ma(MSWD=0.41),指示岩体形成时代为始新世。卡热辉长岩具有显著亏损的锆石Hf同位素组成,εHf(t)值均为正值,分布在+10.88～+13.71之间,综合分析表明卡热辉长质侵入体可能为近期遭受俯冲板片析出流体交代作用的亏损地幔部分熔融的产物。结合区域构造演化史认为该岩体在冈底斯南缘的始新世期间存在着强烈的岩浆底侵和壳幔岩浆混合作用。  相似文献   

西秦岭西成矿集区郭家沟超大型铅锌矿床成矿地质特征与控矿因素     

张世新  胡乔青  王义天  魏然  柯昌辉 《矿床地质》2019,38(5):1129-1146

郭家沟铅锌矿床位于甘肃省西成矿集区东端,是近年来在西秦岭新发现的超大型矿床,也是寻找厂坝式矿床的重大突破。该矿床的矿体主要赋存于中泥盆统安家岔组生物灰岩、硅化-铁白云石化灰岩以及千枚岩中,明显受层间断裂带的控制。由于其新发现不久,该矿床控矿因素和成因认识尚不清楚。文章在系统成矿地质特征观察的基础上,将成矿期次划分为沉积成矿期和热液成矿期,其中,热液成矿期包括:石英-闪锌矿-方铅矿-铁白云石(菱铁矿)阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-方铅矿-闪锌矿-碳酸盐阶段(Ⅱ)和方解石-硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)。在综合分析该矿床成矿过程与控矿因素的基础上,认为成矿受压扭性逆冲断层相关的断裂构造系统和褶皱构造变形带控制,硅化和铁镁碳酸盐化与铅锌矿化密切伴生,表现出热液交代蚀变矿化为主的特征,矿脉穿切矿区内的花岗岩墙,推测成矿作用发生在三叠纪或者更晚,后生热液成矿作用造成了铅锌的巨量富集。  相似文献   

Effect of particle shape of glass beads on the strength and deformation of cemented sands     

Xiao  Yang  Yuan  Zhengxin  Lin  Jia  Ran  Jinyu  Dai  Beibing  Chu  Jian  Liu  Hanlong 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(6):2123-2131

Acta Geotechnica - Few studies have focused on the influence of particle shape on the mechanical properties of cemented sand. To address this lack of information, this study investigated the...  相似文献   

Dynamic responses of unsaturated half‐space soil to a moving harmonic rectangular load          下载免费PDF全文

Zheng Lu  Ran Fang  Hailin Yao  Cheng Dong  Shaohua Xian 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(9):1057-1077

The problem of the dynamic responses of a semi‐infinite unsaturated poroelastic medium subjected to a moving rectangular load is investigated analytical/numerically. The dynamic governing equations are obtained with consideration of the compressibility of solid grain and pore fluid, inertial coupling, and viscous drag as well as capillary pressure in the unsaturated soil, and they can be easily degraded to the complete Biot's theory. Using the Fourier transform, the general solution for the equations is derived in the transformed domain, and then a corresponding boundary value problem is formulated. By introducing fast Fourier transform algorithm, the unsaturated soil vertical displacements, effective stresses, and pore pressures induced by moving load are computed, and some of the calculated results are compared with those for the degenerated solution of saturated soils and confirmed. The influences of the saturation, the load speed, and excitation frequency on the response of the unsaturated half‐space soil are investigated. The numerical results reveal that the effects of these parameters on the dynamic response of the unsaturated soil are significant.  相似文献   

The effect of storm movement on infiltration,runoff and soil erosion in a semi-arid catchment     

Qihua Ran  Feng Wang  Jihui Gao 《水文研究》2020,34(23):4526-4540

Rainfall characteristics are key factors influencing infiltration and runoff generation in catchment hydrology, particularly for arid and semiarid catchments. Although the effect of storm movement on rainfall-runoff processes has been evaluated and emphasized since the 1960s, the effect on the infiltration process has barely been considered. In this study, a physically based distributed hydrological model (InHM) was applied to a typical semi-arid catchment (Shejiagou, 4.26 km²) located in the Loess Plateau, China, to investigate the effect of storm movement on infiltration, runoff and soil erosion at the catchment scale. Simulations of 84 scenarios of storm movement were conducted, including storms moving across the catchment in both the upstream and downstream directions along the main channel, while in each direction considering four storm moving speeds, three rainfall depths and two storm ranges. The simulation results showed that, on both the hillslopes facing downstream (facing south) and in the main channel, the duration of the overland flow process under the upstream-moving storms was longer than that under the downstream-moving storms. Thus, the duration and volume of infiltration under upstream-moving storms were larger in these areas. For the Shejiagou catchment, as there are more hillslopes facing downstream, more infiltration occurred under the upstream-moving storms than the downstream-moving storms. Therefore, downstream-moving storms generated up to 69% larger total runoff and up to 351% more soil loss in the catchment than upstream-moving storms. The difference in infiltration between the storms moving upstream and downstream decreased as the storm moving speed increased. The relative difference in total runoff and sediment yield between the storms moving upstream and downstream decreased with increasing rainfall depth and storm speed. The results of this study revealed that the infiltration differences under moving storms largely influenced the total runoff and sediment yield at the catchment scale, which is of importance in runoff prediction and flood management. The infiltration differences may be a potential factor leading to different groundwater, vegetation cover and ecology conditions for the different sides of the hillslopes.  相似文献