Kinetic-simulating experiment combined with GC-IRMS analysis: application to identification and assessment of coal-derived methane from Zhongba Gas Field (Sichuan Basin, China)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yongqiang Xiong  Ansong Geng  Jingzhong Liu 《Chemical Geology》2004,213(4):325-338

The main purpose of this study is to model the δ¹³C values of methane derived from coal by combining kinetic-simulating experiment with the gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrum (GC-IRMS) analysis. The stable carbon isotopic variation of methane in pyrolysates with heating temperature indicates that the assumptions for both a constant kinetic isotope effect (α) and a uniform initial isotopic composition (δ¹³C_o) are impractical for explaining the carbon isotopic fractionation during coalification. For purposes of simplification, two approaches are used in this paper to deal with the heterogeneity of terrestrial organic matter. One is that, assuming a uniform initial isotopic composition (i.e., δ¹³C_{i, o}=δ¹³C_o) for all methane-generating precursors in coal, the isotopic variation of methane is fitted by adjusting ΔE_{a, i} (E_{a¹³C, i}−E_{a¹²C, i}) for each hypothetical reaction. The other is that, assuming a constant kinetic isotope effect during the whole gas formation, that is all ΔE_{a, i} values are identical, the modeling of methane isotopic composition is achieved by changing the ¹³CH₄ generation potential of each reaction (f_{i, ¹³C}), namely, by adjusting the initial δ¹³C value (δ¹³C_{i, o}) for each methane-generating precursor. Results of the kinetic calculation shows that the two simulating methods can yield a similar result at a geological heating rate of 2 °C/My, which further demonstrates that those natural gases with methane δ¹³C value being approximately −36‰ are possibly sourced from the upper Triassic coal measure strata in the Northwestern Sichuan Basin.  相似文献   

The influence of hydrocarbon expulsion on carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes in pyrolysates of selected terrestrial kerogens     

Yuhong Liao  Ansong Geng  Yongqiang Xiong  Dehan Liu  Jialan Lu  Jinzhong Liu  Haizu Zhang  Xinhua Geng 《Organic Geochemistry》2004,35(11-12):1479

Expulsion of petroleum from source rock is a complex part of the entire migration process. There exist fractional effects on chemical compositions in hydrocarbon expulsion. Does the carbon isotopic fractionation occur during expulsion and to what extent? Here the influence of hydrocarbon expulsion on carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes from pyrolysates of selected terrestrial kerogens from Tuha basin and Fushun, Liaoning Province of China has been experimentally studied. The pyrogeneration-expulsion experiments were carried out under semi-closed system. The carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes were measured by GC-IRMS. The main conclusions are as follows. First, there is carbon isotopic fractionation associated with hydrocarbon expulsion from Type III kerogens in Tuha Basin. There exist differences of carbon isotopic compositions between the unexpelled n-alkanes and expelled n-alkanes from Tuha desmocollinite and Tuha mudstone. Second, there is almost no carbon isotopic fractionation associated with hydrocarbon expulsion from Type II kerogens in Fushun and Liaohe Basin. Third, carbon isotopic fractionation in hydrocarbon expulsion should be considered in making oil-source correlation of Type III kerogens at least in the Tuha Basin. Further studies need to be carried out to determine whether this is true in other basins. Fourth, oil and source at different maturity levels cannot be correlated directly for Type III kerogens since the carbon isotopic compositions of expelled hydrocarbons at different temperatures are different. The expelled hydrocarbons are usually lighter (depleted in ¹³C) than the hydrocarbons remaining in the source rock at the same maturity.  相似文献   

Impact of the Pacific–Japan Teleconnection Pattern on July Sea Fog over the Northwestern Pacific: Interannual Variations and Global Warming Effect     

Jingchao LONG  Suping ZHANG  Yang CHEN  Jingwu LIU  Geng HAN 《大气科学进展》2016,33(4):511-521

The northwestern Pacific(NWP) is a fog-prone area, especially the ocean east of the Kuril Islands. The present study analyzes how the Pacific–Japan(PJ) teleconnection pattern influences July sea fog in the fog-prone area using independent datasets. The covariation between the PJ index and sea fog frequency(SFF) index in July indicates a close correlation, with a coefficient of 0.62 exceeding the 99% confidence level. Composite analysis based on the PJ index, a case study, and model analysis based on GFDL-ESM2 M, show that in high PJ index years the convection over the east of the Philippines strengthens and then triggers a Rossby wave, which propagates northward to maintain an anticyclonic anomaly in the midlatitudes,indicating a northeastward shift of the NWP subtropical high. The anticyclonic anomaly facilitates the formation of relatively stable atmospheric stratification or even an inversion layer in the lower level of the troposphere, and strengthens the horizontal southerly moisture transportation from the tropical–subtropical oceans to the fog-prone area. On the other hand, a greater meridional SST gradient over the cold flank of the Kuroshio Extension, due to ocean downwelling, is produced by the anticyclonic wind stress anomaly. Both of these two aspects are favorable for the warm and humid air to cool, condense, and form fog droplets, when air masses cross the SST front. The opposite circumstances occur in low PJ index years, which are not conducive to the formation of sea fog. Finally, a multi-model ensemble mean projection reveals a prominent downward trend of the PJ index after the 2030 s, implying a possible decline of the SFF in this period.  相似文献   

Operational climate prediction in the era of big data in China: Reviews and prospects     

王昕  宋连春  王国复  任宏利  吴统文  贾小龙  吴焕萍  吴捷 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2016,30(3):444-456

Big data has emerged as the next technological revolution in IT industry after cloud computing and the Internet of Things. With the development of climate observing systems, particularly satellite meteorological observation and high-resolution climate models, and the rapid growth in the volume of climate data, climate prediction is now entering the era of big data. The application of big data will provide new ideas and methods for the continuous development of climate prediction. The rapid integration, cloud storage, cloud computing, and full-sample analysis of massive climate data makes it possible to understand climate states and their evolution more objectively, thus predicting the future climate more accurately. This paper describes the application status of big data in operational climate prediction in China; it analyzes the key big data technologies, discusses the future development of climate prediction operations from the perspective of big data, speculates on the prospects for applying climatic big data in cloud computing and data assimilation, and puts forward the notion of big data-based super-ensemble climate prediction methods and computerbased deep learning climate prediction methods.  相似文献   

2014—2016年超强厄尔尼诺事件的气候影响   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

袁媛  高辉  贾小龙  万江华 《气象》2016,42(5):532-539

2014—2016年,赤道中东太平洋发生了一次超强厄尔尼诺事件,此次事件于2015年11月达到峰值,12月开始衰减。其峰值强度超过了1951年以来另外两次超强厄尔尼诺事件（1982/1983年和1997/1998年）的强度,成为了1951年以来最强的事件。截至2016年4月,事件已持续20个月,也成为了1951年以来持续时间最长的厄尔尼诺事件。在这次事件的发展过程中,热带太平洋至东亚副热带地区的大气环流表现出了显著的响应特征：赤道中东太平洋对流活动加强,异常上升运动发展,而赤道西太平洋对流活动受抑制,异常下沉运动控制;菲律宾附近异常反气旋生成并发展加强,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强、西伸脊点异常偏西,尤其2015年冬季副热带高压强度为1980年以来最强。与此同时,2015年秋、冬季,我国长江以南大部降水偏多,尤其冬季华南地区（广东、广西、海南三省区）平均降水量达历史第一,较常年偏多1.6倍以上。近期,超强厄尔尼诺正处于衰减阶段,但是考虑到热带印度洋暖海温的“接力”作用,厄尔尼诺事件对2016年春、夏季我国气候异常的影响可能仍将持续。  相似文献   

基于部分最小二乘岭估计的粗差定值定位     

金丽宏  吕玉婷  汪耀  许运鹏  张小龙 《测绘工程》2016,25(6):61-64

在利用部分最小二乘原理进行粗差定值定位时,模型的法方程矩阵可能存在病态性,使得到的粗差定值定位结果不可靠。文中针对观测数据包含多个粗差且法方程病态问题,利用岭估计处理病态问题,建立部分最小二乘岭估计的粗差定值定位方法,给出粗差搜索步骤,利用迭代算法实现多个粗差的定值和定位。通过模拟算例分析部分最小二乘法、部分最小二乘岭估计在粗差搜索方面的效果,从另一个角度探讨粗差处理方法,推广现有的误差理论,证明文中方法的有效性。  相似文献   

基于恐龙足迹重建攀西地区白垩纪恐龙动物群   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

曹俊  邢立达  杨更  沈洪江  郑小敏  杨林  刘明  秦永超  张焕新  冉浩  茅磊 《地质通报》2016,35(12):1961-1966

攀西地区没有白垩纪恐龙骨骼化石记录,对该区白垩纪恐龙动物群组合的认识尚属空白。1991年,攀西地区首次发现了恐龙足迹,此后陆续发现了8个足迹点。这些足迹点共发现9种不同的非鸟恐龙足迹(6种非鸟兽脚类、1种蜥脚类和2种鸟脚类足迹),以及翼龙和龟类足迹。共11种足迹形态类型由185道行迹(与孤立足迹)组成,可能代表着同等数量的造迹者。其中飞天山组的组合多样性最强,小坝组和雷打树组较弱。这个相对全面的足迹数据库,为该地区白垩纪四足类的古生态学普查提供了动物群的组成信息,这在该缺乏骨骼化石的地区显得尤为重要。  相似文献   

Microbial community structure in hypolentic zones of a brine lake in a desert plateau,China     

Wenzhen Yuan  Xiaosi Su  Geng Cui  Huang Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(15):1132

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低空无人机视频影像可量测立体模型构建技术          下载免费PDF全文

王光辉  武斌敬  龙敬琪  王更 《海洋测绘》2016,(1):75-78

提出了一种利用无人机快速获取的视频数据的可量测立体模型构建方法。首先,通过无人机飞行平台快速获取视频数据,基于改进平板摄像机智能标定技术,获取摄像头的内方位元素,结合摄像机内方位参数、视频帧率、飞行高度、速度、影像分辨率等参数实现了基于实时视频流的关键帧影像自适应自动提取算法,并对提取关键帧影像进行畸变差改正;其次,通过对校正后的影像进行光束法空中三角测量加密处理,计算视频关键帧影像的外方位元素信息。最后,利用北京地区的试验数据进行了验证分析。结果表明利用能快速实现可量测立体模型构建,具有较高的量测精度,能有效的提高应急测绘条件下的灾情地理信息获取,为灾情评估和辅助决策提供依据。  相似文献   

高分遥感技术在西昆仑大红柳滩-俘虏沟地区地质找矿中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

王辉  秦绪文  范玉海  杨金中  金谋顺  张少鹏  廖友运  杨晨  崔胜  贺小龙  匡经水  郭鹏程 《中国地质》2018,45(6):1289-1301

在西昆仑大红柳滩-俘虏沟地区,以WorldView-2高空间分辨率数据为主要信息源,在标准影像图制作基础上,针对性地进行图像增强处理,突出相关控矿要素和矿化信息,开展地质矿产遥感解译;利用ASTER数据开展矿化蚀变有关的遥感异常信息提取,配合适量的野外调查验证,发现了4种极具找矿前景的矿化带类型：①大红柳滩（含稀有金属）花岗伟晶岩带1处;②大红柳滩层控型铁多金属矿化带1处;③俘虏沟燕山期花岗岩有关热液脉型铁、铅、银、铜矿化区1处;④俘虏沟层控型含铜铅锌银的菱铁-赤铁矿矿化带4处;通过遥感综合分析,圈定遥感找矿靶区11处,其中A级遥感找矿靶区5处、B级遥感找矿靶区3处、C级遥感找矿靶区3处,为后续区域地质矿产调查项目规划部署和矿产资源勘查评价提供依据。因此,高分遥感技术在西昆仑地区矿产地质综合调查中作用显著,可实现找矿工作的快速突破,值得在相同或类似区域进一步推广应用。  相似文献