梅雨锋云系的结构特征及其成因分析   总被引：7，自引：9，他引：7  

姚秀萍  于玉斌  赵兵科 《高原气象》2005,24(6):1002-1011

利用逐时卫星遥感观测资料和地面测站的降水资料，分析了江淮流域2003年6月22～26日暴雨过程中梅雨锋云系的演变、结构特征和形成原因。结果表明，梅雨锋云系为一条TBB的低值带，稳定少动，其上分布着中尺度对流系统（MCS），而中尺度对流系统是由不同尺度、不同强度．的对流单体（包括中β和中γ尺度对流单体）组成的，从而使得梅雨锋云系产生不均匀的降水分布（包括时间上和空间上）。在该暴雨过程中，梅雨锋云系充分体现了中尺度对流系统中所包括的3类组织结构形式。梅雨锋云系与中高纬度云系或热带辐合带云系之间的相互作用与暴雨过程关系密切，梅雨锋云系的维持和发展与强大的黄淮气旋云系直接相关，它是江淮流域上空冷暖气流交汇的结果。  相似文献   

大气污染物SO_x输送方程的尺度分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

程新金  黄美元  安峻岭  王自发  徐华英  周玲  肖辉 《气象学报》2002,60(4):468-476

文中用量纲分析方法分析了控制大气污染物输送方程的动力学特性。提出了 6种反映大气污染物输送过程中各种动力、物理和化学过程相对重要性的动力学参数。并以硫氧化物为例进行了各参数量级大小分析 ,尤其对 3种起汇作用 (去除机理 )的机理 (化学转化、干沉降和湿清除 )在不同尺度大气污染过程中的作用进行了详细分析。结果表明 :在一般情况下 ,SO2 的气相化学作用小于干沉降和湿清除的作用 ;干沉降作用很依赖于模式最底层厚度的选取 ;在有降雨时湿清除作用一般较大。文中还对大气污染物SOx 输送方程各项特征量的量级作了分析对比 ,得出了控制不同尺度大气污染物输送过程的零级近似方程和一级近似方程 ,并指出了这些方程的基本特征  相似文献   

中国南极长城站1998年大气降水化学特征的初步研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

于晓岚  汤洁  师昱锋  程红兵  王国贵 《气象学报》2002,60(4):494-501

文中报告了 1998年 1～ 12月 ,在中国南极长城站 (6 2°13′S ,5 8°5 8′W ,海拔 10 .0m)采集的 115个有效降水样品的 pH值、电导率和化学组分分析结果。长城站地区降水的年平均 pH值为 5 .6 2 ,电导率年平均值为 85 .16 μS/cm。秋季期间降水的 pH值和电导率较高 ,其它季节较低。降水中最主要的离子为Cl-,Na+ ,其他离子按平均浓度值依次排列为SO42 -,Mg2 + ,Ca2 + ,K+ ,NO3 -,NH4+ 。除NO3 -,NH4+ 外 ,各主要离子浓度间呈显著正相关 ,表明其来源具有同一性。降水样品的离子组成比例与周围海区的海水接近 ,显示了海盐是降水中可溶性离子的主要来源 ,而其它源只对Ca2 + 有一定贡献。该地区的降水具有较典型的海洋性降水的化学特征  相似文献   

Near Wall Flow over Urban-like Roughness   总被引：3，自引：35，他引：3  

Hong Cheng  Ian P. Castro 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,104(2):229-259

In this study, comprehensive measurements over a number of urban-type surfaces with the same area density of 25% have been performed in a wind tunnel. The experiments were conducted at a free stream velocity of 10 m s^-1 and the main instrumentation was 120 ° x-wire anemometry, but measurement accuracy was checked using laser Doppler anemometry.The results haveconfirmed the strong three-dimensionalityof the turbulent flow inthe roughness sublayer and the depths of the inertial sublayer (log-law region) and roughness sublayer for each surface have been determined. Spatial averaging has been used to remove the variability of the flow in the roughness sublayer due to individual obstacles and it is shown that the spatially averaged mean velocity in the inertial sublayer and roughness sublayer can,together, be described by a single log-law with a mean zero-plane displacement and roughness length for the surface, provided that the proper surface stress is known. The spatially averaged shear stresses in the inertial sublayer and roughness sublayer are compared with the surface stress deduced from form drag measurements on the roughness elements themselves.The dispersive stress arising from the spatial inhomogeneity in the mean flow profiles was deduced from the data and is shown to be negligible compared with the usual Reynolds stresses in the roughness sublayer. Comparisons have been made between a homogeneous (regular element array) surface and one consisting of random height elements of the same total volume. Although the upper limits of the inertial sublayer for both surfaces were almost identical at equivalent fetch, the roughness sublayer was much thicker for the random surface than for the uniform surface, the friction velocity and the roughness length were significantly larger and the `roughness efficiency' was greater. It is argued that the inertial sublayer may not exist at all in some of the more extreme rough urban areas. These results will provide fundamental information for modelling urban air quality and forecasting urban wind climates.  相似文献   

利用生物圈模型 (SiB2) 模拟青藏高原那曲草原近地面层能量收支   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

高志球  卞林根等 《应用气象学报》2002,13(2):129-141

模式所需要的参数被合理地设置之后, 根据GAME/ Tibet (GEWEX亚洲季风试验/青藏高原试验) 那曲近地层观测站的资料, 将大气强迫变量代入SiB2(Simple Biosphere model version2), 文章模拟了该观测站地表能量收支。结果表明:SiB2能够较好地模拟青藏高原的能量收支情况, 净辐射、潜热通量和土壤热通量的模拟值和观测值吻合, 它们的相对误差分别为8% (低估)、6% (低估) 和3 %(低估)。同时, SiB2高估感热通量达40%。文章还给出了能量各分量的详细比较分析。  相似文献   

Near-Wall Flow Development After A Step Change In Surface Roughness     

H. Cheng  Ian P. Castro 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,105(3):411-432

An experimental study of the initial flow field downstream of a step change in surface roughness is presented. The roughness length of the downstream surface was approximately tenfold that of the upstream roughness and, unlike all previous studies, attention was concentrated on the roughness sublayer region beneath the inertial (log-law) region. The experiments were conducted at a boundary layer Reynolds number of about 6 × 10⁴ (based on layer thickness andfree-stream velocity) and around a longitudinal location where the (downstream) roughness length, z_o2, was about 1% of the boundary-layer thickness atthe roughness change point.The thickness of the roughness sublayer was found for the two roughness. It was observed that the vertical profiles of mean velocity and turbulence characteristics started to show similarity after about 160z₀₂ downstream of the roughness change. The presence of a shear stress overshoot is shown to depend strongly on the precise location (with respect to the roughness elements) at which the measurements are made and the thickness of the equilibrium layer is shown to be very sensitive to the way it is defined. It is demonstrated that the growing equilibrium layer has first to encompass the roughness sublayer before any thickness of inertial sublayer can be developed. It follows that, in somepractical cases, like flows across some urban environments, the latter(log-law) region may never exist at all.  相似文献   

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK CORRECTION OF ROUGH ERRORS OF OBSERVATIONS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

蒋国荣  张韧  沙文钰  阎俊岳  姚华栋 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2002,(1)

In the context of tower measured radiation datasets.following the correction principle meetinga diagnostic equation in data quality control and in terms of a technique for model construction ondata and ANN(artificial neural network)retrieval for BP correction of radiation measurementswith rough errors available,a BP model is presented.Evidence suggests that the developed modelworks well and is superior to a convenient multivariate linear regression model,indicating its wideapplications.  相似文献   

地震作用下的灰坝液化特征及其动力稳定性分析--以安阳电厂为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李永乐  陈宇  彭成山  刘宪亮 《地质科技情报》2002,21(1):83-86

根据安阳电厂灰坝岩土工程性质及其动力学特性,建立了适合灰坝工程的动力分析模型并采用有限元法进行了动力分析.在此基础上,在不同工况条件下对灰坝进行了抗液化安全评价及抗震稳定性分析.研究表明,在不设碎石桩、无排渗体条件下,粉煤灰子坝的抗液化安全系数Ks＜1.25,将发生液化;在设碎石桩、有排渗体条件下,粉煤灰子坝的抗液化安全系数明显提高,Ks≥1.25,不会发生液化.抗震稳定性分析表明,在上述两种工况条件下灰坝是稳定的.  相似文献   

山东车镇凹陷东部古近系沙河街组成岩作用   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

李潇丽  田成 《古地理学报》2002,4(4):70-80

车镇凹陷沙河街组的沉积体系受控于盆地内的构造、物源供给以及沉积时的气候环境。以岩石学特征为基础，描述了成岩过程中压实与压溶作用、胶结作用、溶解作用与次生孔隙的特征，以及次生孔隙带在本区的分布。论述了碳酸盐胶结物与粘土矿物胶结作用的特点。粘土矿物蒙脱石-伊利石转变具有明显的渐变与突变交替的演化程式，其演化经历了蒙脱石带、渐变带、迅速转化带和伊利石带以及蒙脱石向伊利石的转变带。沙河街组的成岩作用划分为早期成岩阶段（A期、B期）和晚期成岩阶段（A期、B期、C期），并提出了成岩阶段的划分标志。  相似文献   

宁镇地区中更新世环境演变的沉积学研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张强  朱诚  房迎三 《沉积学报》2002,20(2):307-313

句容放牛山剖面ESR测年、粒度以及磁化率的研究结果表明,下蜀黄土作为一种受后生成土作用强烈的风尘堆积,其性状与北方黄土差别很大,主要表现为由于成壤作用及次生风化作用导致粘粒含量增多。该剖面揭示出本区中更新世 5个气候暖湿期,分别是 :15 9~ 16 3ka,192ka,195~ 198ka,2 0 3~ 2 30ka与 311~ 35 0ka。其中第一个相对暖湿期不十分明显,在大致同时期的深海氧同位素 (V2 1- 14 6孔 ) 6阶段当中为一个小的气候回暖波动,第 2、3、4气候暖湿期可大致与西峰黄土S2古土壤层所反映的气候温暖事件相对应,可与深海氧同位素 (V2 1- 14 6孔 )第 7氧同位素阶段大致相对比。其中,前 4个温暖期可大致与老虎山下蜀黄土的标准剖面自上而下的 4个埋藏古土壤层相对应。旧石器考古发掘发现 6、7层有石器,从剖面测年资料及各环境代用指标综合分析得出,当时为暖湿的生态环境(即第 5个气候暖湿期 ),较适宜人类活动,与南京汤山猿人洞研究结果相一致。东北地区庙后山下层文化 (14 0 0~2 30ka)以大石片石器为主,文化面貌兼有华北大小两个石器系统的特征。这与该遗址发掘的石器相类似,这可能说明至少在中更新世中期长江河道应在句容以南。  相似文献