Intercomparison of CRA-Interim Precipitation Products with ERA5 and JRA-55     

叶梦姝  姚秀萍  张涛  许小峰  王式功 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2021,27(2):136-147

By using the hourly data from surface meteorological stations in China, the 3-hour precipitation data from CRA-Interim (Chinese Reanalysis-Interim), ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis 5) and JRA-55 (Japanese Reanalysis-55) are compared, both on the spatial-temporal distributions and on bias with observation precipitation in China. The results show that: (1) The three sets of reanalysis datasets can all reflect the basic spatial distribution characteristics of annual average precipitation in China. The simulation of topographic forced precipitation in complex terrain by CRA-interim is more detailed, while CRA-interim has larger negative bias in central and East China, and larger positive bias in southwest China. (2) In terms of seasonal precipitation, the three sets of reanalysis datasets overestimate the precipitation in the heavy rainfall zone of spring and summer, especially in southwest China. CRA interim’s location of the rain belt in the First Rainy Season in South China is west by south, the summer precipitation has positive bias in southwest and South China. (3) All of the reanalysis datasets can basically reflect the distribution difference of inter-annual variation of drought and flood, but the overall the CRA-Interim generally shows negative bias, while the ERA5 and JRA-55 exhibit positive bias. (4) For the diurnal variation of precipitation in summer, all the reanalysis datasets perform better in simulating the daytime precipitation than in the night, and bias of CRA-interim is less in southeast and northeast than elsewhere. (5) ERA5 generally performs the best on the evaluation of quantitative precipitation forecast, the JRA-55 is the next, followed by the CRA-Interim. CRA-Interim has higher missing rate and lower threat score for heavy rains; however, at the level of downpour, the CRA-Interim performs slightly better.  相似文献   

A comparative analysis of the NDVIg and NDVI3g in monitoring vegetation phenology changes in the Northern Hemisphere     

Qing Chang  Wenzhe Jiao  Fengmei Yao 《国际地球制图》2018,33(1):1-20

Phenology is a sensitive and critical feature of vegetation and is a good indicator for climate change studies. The global inventory modelling and mapping studies (GIMMS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has been the most widely used data source for monitoring of the vegetation dynamics over large geographical areas in the past two decades. With the release of the third version of the NDVI (GIMMS NDVI3g) recently, it is important to compare the NDVI3g data with those of the previous version (NDVIg) to link existing studies with future applications of the NDVI3g in monitoring vegetation phenology. In this study, the three most popular satellite start of vegetation growing season (SOS) extraction methods were used, and the differences between SOSg and SOS3g arising from the methods were explored. The amplitude and the peak values of the NDVI3g are higher than those of the NDVIg curve, which indicated that the SOS derived from the NDVIg (SOSg) was significantly later than that derived from the NDVI3g (SOS3g) based on all the methods, for the whole northern hemisphere. In addition, SOSg and SOS3g both showed an advancing trend during 1982–2006, but that trend was more significant with SOSg than with SOS3g in the results from all three methods. In summary, the difference between SOSg and SOS3g (in the multi-year mean SOS, SOS change slope and the turning point in the time series) varied among the methods and was partly related to latitude. For the multi-year mean SOS, the difference increased with latitude intervals in the low latitudes (0–30°N) and decreased in the mid- and high-latitude intervals. The GIMMS NDVI3g data-sets seemed more sensitive than the GIMMS NDVIg in detecting information about the ground, and the SOS3g data were better correlated both with the in situ observations and the SOS derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NDVI. For the northern hemisphere, previous satellite measures (SOS derived from GIMMS NDVIg) may have overestimated the advancing trend of the SOS by an average of 0.032 d yr^–1.  相似文献   

基于SkyLine的Web三维数字校园建设     

郑俊良  姚顽强 《测绘与空间地理信息》2018,(4):132-134

随着计算机技术、虚拟现实技术的发展,数字地球、数字城市的提出,三维数字化建设也得到迅猛发展,三维GIS已成为GIS发展的主要方向,应用前景广阔。三维数字校园建设随即被提出。本文论述了基于Sky Line平台三维数字校园建设的基本流程、关键技术、网络发布、系统设计等,最终实现了临潼校区的三维数字化建设。  相似文献   

地球深部真的贫铀钍吗? ——来自秦岭造山带加里东期岩浆岩体锆石铀钍含量的讨论     

伍皓  李小刚  吴晨  夏彧  周恳恳  熊国庆  姚雪婷 《地质论评》2021,67(5):1207-1230

为尝试利用锆石来初步探索地球内部铀、钍的丰度,通过搜集秦岭造山带加里东期岩浆岩体锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测年文献,掌握了3件超基性岩、52件基性岩、46件中性岩、90件酸性岩,共计191件样品,6979个（铀含量数据3552个,钍含量数据3427个）锆石定年数据。数据分析指示铀和钍在同一类型岩浆岩锆石中含量均相差悬殊,可在不同类型岩浆岩锆石中富集或亏损,不具有从超基性岩到基性岩到中性岩再到酸性岩总体增加的趋势。在所有样品锆石铀、钍平均值2倍以上的45件高富集样品中的34件呈现“局部长期”分布的特征,表现为：10件在451.0~422.1 Ma期间的以OIB型基性、中基性岩为主的样品约29 Ma时间集中产出在南秦岭大巴山地区,岩浆多来自由HIMU,EMII和EMI三个富集地幔端元组分混合而成的复杂地幔区;24件在495.9~413.6 Ma期间的以I型、S-I型酸性岩为主的样品约82 Ma时间集中产出于北秦岭商丹（商南—丹凤）地区,岩浆可来自地幔、壳幔混合和地壳源区。结合华南金属铀（0价）的发现等前人研究成果初步分析认为,加里东期大巴山和商丹地区可能分别存在地幔柱和大陆型热点,地核中大量铀、钍沿地幔柱和大陆型热点上升致使地幔和地壳局部熔体中铀、钍长期富集,其超高含量可能被熔体中锆石结晶部分记录,这一元素迁移过程可能是两区域产出高锆石铀、钍含量样品和商丹地区生成铀矿的主要原因。支持铀、钍可在地核和地幔柱富集的认识。  相似文献   

青藏高原唐古拉多年冻土区冻融循环过程中的能量平衡特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘艺阗  姚济敏  赵林  肖瑶  乔永平  史健宗 《冰川冻土》2021,43(4):1073-1082

青藏高原多年冻土区冻融循环过程对地表能量及其分配的影响研究相对较少,青藏高原唐古拉站多年冻土的实测资料,依据10 cm土壤温度划分浅层土壤冻融循环的各个阶段并结合能量闭合率、地表能量各通量等数据探讨浅层土壤冻融循环过程与地气间水热交换过程之间的影响。结果表明：浅层土壤冻融循环过程各阶段均受气候变化的影响,其融化过程起始时间提前同时冻结过程起始时间推后,完全融化阶段持续时间增加,且逐渐接近完全冻结阶段持续时间;在浅层土壤不同冻融状态下,能量闭合率差值较大,其中完全融化阶段能量闭合状况普遍好于完全冻结阶段;净辐射值在完全融化阶段高于完全冻结阶段,净辐射在完全冻结阶段主要转化为感热通量,在完全融化阶段主要转化为潜热通量,地表土壤热通量在完全融化阶段为正值,在完全冻结阶段为负值。  相似文献   

长江流域地下水资源特征与开发利用现状          下载免费PDF全文

黄长生  周耘  张胜男  王节涛  刘凤梅  龚冲  易秤云  李龙  周宏  魏良帅  潘晓东  邵长生  黎义勇  韩文静  尹志彬  李晓哲 《中国地质》2021,48(4):979-1000

为提升对长江流域水文地质和地下水资源的认知程度,突破以往单独从地表水或地下水角度进行评价的局限性,长江流域水文地质调查工程以地球系统科学理论和水循环理论为指导,充分考虑地表水与地下水的转化关系,将水文地质单元和地表水流域有机结合,划分长江流域地下水评价单元,建立典型地下水资源评价模型,开展了新一轮长江流域地下水资源评价。评价结果表明:(1)长江流域水循环要素时空分布不均,降水以中游最多,并由东南向西北递减;地表径流主要集中在夏季,且长江北岸比南岸集中程度更高;蒸散发量总体上呈现东部高于西部的特征,最大值集中在长江中游一带;长江流域地下水位总体保持稳定,丰枯季水位变化总体不大,一般小于2 m;长三角超采区的地下水漏斗面积已明显减小,相关环境地质问题得到了有效控制。(2)2020年长江流域的地下水资源总量2421.70亿m~3/a,其中山丘区地下水资源量2092.79亿m~3/a,平原区地下水资源量331.35亿m~3/a;地下水储存量较2019年整体略有增加趋势,其中四川盆地最为明显,共增加23.72亿m~3。(3)长江流域的水质上游优于下游,优质地下水主要分布在赣南地区和大别山南麓一带,部分地区水质较差的主要原因是原生劣质水的广泛分布。长江流域地下水开发利用水平整体很低,局部地区由于过往不合理的开发所引发的环境地质问题已得到缓解,岩溶塌陷、地面沉降等问题得到了较好控制。建议适当开发利用赣南地区和大别山南麓一带优质的基岩裂隙水。  相似文献   

基于MD5码地质资料（电子文档）的完整性校验          下载免费PDF全文

姚兴华  张晓娟  刘彩英 《甘肃地质》2021,(4):85-89

建立以液液萃取—气相色谱质谱法测定地表水中7种工业多氯联苯（Aroclor）总量的方法。采用质谱选择离子模式采集数据,通过比对色谱图定性,选择特征定量峰定量。采用Aroclor 1 016与Aroclor 1 260的混合标准液进行了精密度、准确度、方法检出限与校准曲线实验。实验结果表明：该方法在20 ~ 1 000 ug／L范围内线性关系良好（r² ≥ 0. 999 0）,7种工业多氯联苯的相对标准偏差（RSD）为：3. 00% ~ 8. 87%,检出限（LOD）为0. 008 ug／L,且样品的加标回收率、替代物回收率分别为84. 3% ~ 105%、87. 2% ~ 112%,该法准确度和精密度均满足分析方法的要求,实现了对地表水中7种工业多氯联苯的准确测定。  相似文献   

基于KronosFlow软件对逆冲推覆带构造-热演化的初探     

李丹  常健  李晨星  姚同云  刘敏珠 《地质力学学报》2021,27(6):975-986

盆地模拟是含油气盆地勘探评价的重要技术方法之一,然而传统的盆地建模2D模拟技术仅适用于拉张型盆地,使得挤压型盆地横向上的热史重建一直是个难题,从而制约了进一步的油气勘探。目前由法国Beicip-Franlab公司设计的KronosFlow软件突破了传统盆模软件对逆冲推覆带、盐构造和泥底辟等复杂构造的局限性,精确控制了横向和垂向上的构造位移,通过跟踪单个网格连续运动形态、恢复侧向变形量以及与TemisFlow软件无缝衔接,实现了对挤压型盆地埋藏史、热史、生排烃史以及油气运聚史的恢复。以塔里木盆地北缘柯坪逆冲推覆带和库车逆冲推覆带为例,利用KronosFlow软件定量反演了新生代以来的构造-热演化历史,并以实测数据约束并验证挤压环境下盆地模拟结果的有效性。柯坪逆冲推覆带的依木干他乌断层在40~30 Ma再次活动,断层附近志留系—泥盆系的温度大于85 ℃,柯坪塔格断层在15~10 Ma活动,断层附近志留系—泥盆系的温度小于70 ℃,寒武系（烃源岩成熟度为1.3%~1.7%）和奥陶系（烃源岩成熟度为0.7%~1.2%）烃源岩热演化程度高,生烃能力强。库车逆冲推覆带侏罗系北段温度介于50~70 ℃,南段温度介于210~230 ℃,盐构造造成地温异常,其中秋里塔格构造带膏盐岩最厚,降温效果最明显。   相似文献   

Petrogenesis and sedimentary environment of silicate in Late Paleozoic in Kala area of Western Sichuan Province     

LIU Daming  YAO Hongyou  HU Lin  YU Liang  LIU Yizhong 《中国地质调查》2021,7(6):68-78

In order to study the sedimentary environment characteristics of the Late Paleozoic in Kala area of Western Sichuan Province, the authors have conducted the petrological and geochemical analyses of the widely distributed silicate in Qiongyi Formation of Lower Carboniferous and Kawenggou Formation of Upper Permian. The results show that the silicate in the study area belongs to the pure siliceous rocks, with a continuous supply of land-based materials during the deposition process. The average Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ratio is 0.62, and the silicate shows a biogenic origin by the Al-Fe-Mn diagram. The ratios of Al₂O₃/ (Al₂O₃+ Fe₂O₃), Th/U, Th/Sc, (La/Ce)_N and (La/Yb)_N and tectonic environment discriminant diagram demonstrate that the silicate developed in a shallow-slope depesitional environment in the continental margin. The Ce_anom value is -0.04 to 0.07, and it gradually increases from the Carboniferous to the Permian period, indicating the water body is in an anoxic environment with gradually increasing reducibility. The Garz--Litang basin opened in the Carboniferous period, in accordance with the regional geological evolution, and it continued to expand during the Permian period, with the gradually increasing depth of the seawater within the sedimentary basins.  相似文献   

六盘山区夏秋季大气水汽和液态水特征初步分析     

田磊  桑建人  姚展予  常倬林  单新兰  曹宁  孙艳桥 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(6):28-37

六盘山区是中国典型的农牧交错带和生态脆弱带,也是黄土高原重要的水源涵养地、生态保护区及国家级扶贫开发区。利用2017年6-11月隆德气象站地基多通道微波辐射计资料,结合同期平凉探空站及隆德地面降水等观测资料,分析了六盘山区夏秋季大气水汽、液态水变化特征。结果表明：六盘山区夏秋季在降水天气背景下,大气水汽含量和液态水含量均较高,分别为无降水天气背景下的1.4倍和7.0倍;降水天气背景下水汽在5000 m以下有明显的增加,且在此高度范围内的水汽密度随高度的递减率比无降水天气背景下明显偏小;各高度层的液态水相比无降水天气背景下均有明显增大,除6月外,主峰值均出现在0℃层高度层以下。六盘山区夏秋季各月中,6-9月。大气水汽含量高值区均出现在正午到傍晚时段,低值区均出现在日出前后;液态水含量在日出前、午后及傍晚分别出现峰值,最明显的峰值出现在午后。对一次对流性降水天气过程分析后发现,降水发生前40 min大气水汽含量和液态水含量出现两次明显的跃增,水汽向上输送不断加强,2500-7500 m高度的相对湿度明显增大。  相似文献