A review of flexible protection in rockfall protection     

Yang  Jingjin  Duan  Suli  Li  Qinfeng  Liu  Chengqing 《Natural Hazards》2019,99(1):71-89

Natural Hazards - Natural hazards, such as high winds, heavy rains and ice melting, can easily trigger the rockfall which usually leads to great personal injuries and property loss; therefore, the...  相似文献   

黑龙江省漠河县富源沟林场含电气石 花岗岩的形成时代及地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

段明新  周传芳  杨华本  魏小勇  蔡艳龙  徐建鑫  王博超  刘宁波  杨群 《地质科学》2019,54(4):1290-1307

本文对额尔古纳地块北段的富源沟林场含电气石花岗岩体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年和岩石地球化学研究。含电气石花岗岩的锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄加权平均值为458±4 Ma（MSWD = 1.8）,表明含电气石花岗岩形成于晚奥陶世初期。岩石地球化学特征表明该花岗岩应为高钾钙碱性系列（K₂O = 3.45%～4.83%）,铝饱和指数A/CNK＞1.1（1.11～1.28）,属强过铝质的S型花岗岩,富集Th、U、Rb、K等元素,相对亏损Sr、Ba、 Nb、Ti、 P、Eu等元素,是同碰撞构造背景下地壳部分熔融的产物。结合前人研究资料和本文数据提出,富源沟林场含电气石花岗岩的形成与额尔古纳地块和兴安地块的碰撞拼贴有关,形成于额尔古纳地块与兴安地块碰撞拼贴作用所引发的碰撞构造背景,由于地缘因素,构造岩浆作用滞后于额尔古纳地块东缘的碰撞拼贴时限,是额尔古纳地块和兴安地块碰撞拼贴的远程效应。  相似文献   

胶东邢家山矽卡岩型钼矿床成矿流体与成矿机制     

祝佳萱  张端  王长明  陈奇  杜斌  杨立飞  石康兴 《岩石学报》2019,35(5):1583-1598

邢家山矿床是胶东地区发现的大型矽卡岩型钼多金属矿床。通过野外调研,将成矿过程划分为四个阶段:早矽卡岩阶段、晚矽卡岩阶段、石英硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段。对不同阶段流体包裹体研究表明,存在液体包裹体(L)、气体包裹体(V)和含子矿物包裹体(S)三类。激光拉曼探针显示流体的气体分类型为H_2O-H_2S,早和晚矽卡岩阶段均一温度集中在375～450℃,盐度存在14%～15%NaCleqv和大于30%NaCleqv两个端元;石英-硫化物阶段均一温度集中在260～340℃,盐度存在8%～12%NaCleqv和大于50%NaCleqv两个端元;石英-碳酸盐阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中在170～200℃,盐度小于10%NaCleqv。该矿床成矿流体具有高温高盐度的特征,且富含H_2S等还原性气体,从矽卡岩阶段到碳酸盐阶段成矿温度和盐度总体有降低的趋势。邢家山钼矿δ~(18) O_(H_2O)值为0.04‰～8.18‰,δ~(13) C_(V-PDB)值为-3. 35‰～-0.73‰,δ~(18) O_(V-SMOW)值为5. 93‰～8. 42‰,δ~(34)S值为6.5～10. 8‰。邢家山矿床成矿流体主要来源于岩浆,后期有大气降水的加入,流体沸腾是成矿的主要机制。  相似文献   

奥陶系岩溶古地貌恢复及对气藏分布的控制作用——以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格东区41-33区块为例     

刘逍  王静  金大权  陈海涌  段新国  曹晶晶  刘正元 《矿物岩石》2019,39(3):95-110

苏东41-33区块位于鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起的北部南缘,长期沉积间断的风化壳不整合面形成复杂的岩溶古地貌,属苏里格气田东部奥陶系碳酸盐岩气藏的重要勘探区。研究基于钻井、测井、地震及生产动态资料分析,综合运用地球物理法、残厚法和印模法,优选本溪组顶9号煤层和马家沟组马五5灰岩为标志层,深入探讨古地貌单元的恢复依据和划分标准,精细恢复岩溶古地貌形态,并明确岩溶古地貌特征及其对气藏分布的影响。研究表明:苏东41-33区块整体处于二级地貌单元岩溶斜坡之上,奥陶系古风化壳上下地层厚度可划分出上薄下薄、上薄下厚、上厚下薄等5种组合类型,细分古坡地、残丘和沟槽3个三级地貌单元;古地貌总体趋势走向为北高南低,出露层位展布由马五4过渡到马五1。中南部发育连片残丘,北部见小型零星残丘,恢复厚度低于15m,残留厚度超过85m;北部发育2条侵蚀沟槽带,充填厚度大于20m,残留厚度小于45m;古坡地分布范围广泛,周围被古残丘与沟槽所分割,残留厚度介于45m^85m之间,恢复厚度大于10m。古地貌类型对风化壳气藏分布具有明显的控制作用,岩溶残丘及残丘边缘带的古坡地储层叠合厚度增大,溶蚀孔洞充填程度低,主力含气层保存完整且连通性较好,是寻找高产井的目标区,而岩溶古沟槽相对不利于天然气富集,所钻遇气井多为低产或无产能。  相似文献   

Experiment on Coordinated Observation of Offshore Typhoon in China     

Xiaotu Lei  Xuefen Zhang  Wansuo Duan  Hong Li  Zhiqiu Gao  Chuanhai Qian  Bingke Zhao  Jie Tang 《地球科学进展》2019,34(7):671-678

The lack of sufficient direct observation data of typhoon fine structure is the main bottleneck that restricts the further development of typhoon discipline and forecasting. This paper briefly introduced the basic information of the National Key R&D Program of China, entitled “Experiment on Coordinated Observation of Offshore Typhoon in China”, which started in early 2019. Firstly, the importance and necessity of the program around the national needs on typhoon-related disaster reduction and prevention were explained. Then, the coordinated observation difficulties and frontiers in the current typhoon discipline situation from the development and improvement of the physical mechanism and key forecasting technologies were shown. The overview of the direct observation instrument and platform, the field campaign and the parameterization techniques related to physical process in typhoon numerical modeling was provided. Finally, the key scientific and technical issues and main research contents of the program were given.  相似文献   

辽宁盘锦荣兴港作业区MT19钻孔海洋沉积物粒度特征     

段一明  张戈  贾赛君 《江苏地质》2019,43(4):632-638

使用激光粒度分析仪对辽宁盘锦荣兴港MT19钻孔6个样品进行分析,运用福克-沃德（Folk-Ward）图解法计算相关粒度参数并绘制输出粒度频率特征曲线。结果表明：盘锦荣兴港沉积物中黏土(d＜0.004 0 mm)的体积分数最小,平均值为8.49%;粉砂(0.004 0～0.063 mm)的体积分数较大,平均值为38.39%;砂(0.063～2.00 mm)的体积分数变化较大,平均值为53.13%。Shepard沉积物三角形分类图解表明,研究区沉积物类型多属于粉砂质黏土和黏土质粉砂;粒度频率曲线显示,除MT19-2-2号样品为主次三峰型外,其余均为主次双峰型,说明该区域在海进-海退过程中的某些时段沉积环境相似,出现了沉积物粒径组合及大小相似的情况。  相似文献   

Generalized stress framework for unsaturated soil: demonstration and discussion     

Duan  Xiaomeng  Zeng  Lifeng  Sun  Xiang 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(5):1459-1481

The long-lived debate on the principle of effective stress is rooted in the obscure physical significance of stresses. For the sakes of clarifying stress concepts and establishing a reasonable principle of effective stress, unsaturated soil is divided into six phases and the bearing structure of it, named generalized soil structure, is defined based on considering soil as a special structure. Then the essence of effective stress equation, named stress relation equation, is derived according to analysis of interphase interactions and independent-phase equilibrium. The stress relation equation indicates the corresponding relation between two series of stress variables used in mixed and multiphase continuum models, respectively. Furthermore, a reasonable concept of suction stress is redefined to describe interparticle connection properties. Then, a generalized stress framework is constructed by associating stress relation equation with suction stress. After demonstrating the concept of neutral stress, a generalized principle of effective stress is established and the total soil skeleton stress is searched out, which is the predominant stress controlling the strength and deformation of soil. Finally, the collapse phenomenon is analyzed and the time- and spatial-dependent stress frameworks are developed.

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Seasonal variation of airborne fungi of the Tiantishan Grottoes and Western Xia Museum,Wuwei, China     

YuLong Duan  FaSi Wu  DongPeng He  RuiHong Xu  HuYuan Feng  Tuo Chen  GuangXiu Liu  WanFu Wang 《寒旱区科学》2021,13(6):522-532

In this study, a systematic survey of cultural airborne fungi was carried out in the occurrence environments of wall paintings that are preserved in the Tiantishan Grottoes and the Western Xia Museum, China. A bio-aerosol sampler was used for sampling in four seasons in 2016. Culture-dependent and -independent methods were taken to acquire airborne fungal concentration and purified strains; by the extraction of genomic DNA, amplification of fungal ITS rRNA gene region, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, thereafter the fungal community composition and distribution characteristics of different study sites were clarified. We disclosure the main environmental factors which may be responsible for dynamic changes of airborne fungi at the sampling sites. The concentration of cultural airborne fungi was in a range from 13 to 1,576 CFU/m³, no significant difference between the two sites at the Tiantishan Grottoes, with obvious characteristics of seasonal variation, in winter and spring were higher than in summer and autumn. Also, there was a significant difference in fungal concentration between the inside and outside of the Western Xia Museum, the outside of the museum was far more than the inside of the museum in the four seasons, particularly in the winter. Eight fungal genera were detected, including Cladosporium, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Filobasidium as the dominant groups. The airborne fungal community structures of the Tiantishan Grottoes show a distinct characteristic of seasonal variation and spatial distribution. Relative humidity, temperature and seasonal rainfall influence airborne fungal distribution. Some of the isolated strains have the potential to cause biodeterioration of ancient wall paintings. This study provides supporting information for the pre-warning conservation of cultural relics that are preserved at local sites and inside museums.  相似文献   

科尔沁湿草甸参考作物蒸散发模拟分析     

李霞  刘廷玺  段利民  王冠丽  童新  周亚军  杨晓君 《中国沙漠》2020,40(2):134-143

为探明气候变化下干旱半干旱地区湿草甸参考作物蒸散发(ET₀)影响因子,使用FAO 56 P-M模型对科尔沁湿草甸ET₀进行模拟,利用涡度相关系统对模型的适用性进行评价,并通过通径分析及指标敏感性分析对ET₀的影响因子进行辨识。结果表明:(1)小时尺度模拟精度最高,日尺度次之,月尺度较差,小时尺度上晴、阴、雨3种天气条件下模拟效果不同,晴天最优,阴雨天较差。(2)ET₀年内变化呈单峰曲线状,生长季明显高于非生长季,集中在3—10月,占全年89.79%。生长季典型晴天ET₀逐小时分布特征遵循倒“U”单峰型变化规律。(3)通径分析结果显示,对ET₀的通径系数以及对回归方程估测可靠程度E的总贡献均表现为VPD(饱和水汽压差) > T_min(最低气温) > R_n(冠层表面净辐射)>u₂(2 m高度风速),即VPD为影响ET₀最重要的因子;指标敏感性分析中,在去除VPD后引起的E变化最大,说明ET₀对VPD的变化最为敏感,其次为u₂、T_min和R_n。  相似文献   

城市“腾笼换鸟”产业转型升级的困境与出路——基于北京市的调查研究     

王颖  段霞  吴康 《地理科学》2020,40(5):786-792

剖析北京“腾笼换鸟”产业转型升级的现状,在针对“新鸟”进笼“老鸟”去哪问题,“老笼”空间结构合理优化问题,“老鸟”涅槃“新鸟”培育问题,“老鸟”和“新笼”承接问题的分析基础上,提出应完善京津冀产业链协作,“腾笼换鸟”拓展区域联动发展空间;东西城合并成首都特区,“腾笼换鸟”保护北京历史文化名城;切实发挥政府的职能作用,“腾笼换鸟”提升企业内在动力机制;规划建设“微中心”小城镇,“腾笼换鸟”促进北京人口有效疏解的建议。  相似文献